ZONDERVAN No God but One: Allah or Jesus? Copyright © 2016 by Nabeel A. Qureshi Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, 3900 Sparks Dr. SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Qureshi, Nabeel, author. Title: No God but one : Allah or Jesus? / Nabeel Quereshi. Description: Grand Rapids : Zondervan, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2016019945 | ISBN 9780310522553 (softcover) Subjects: LCSH: Islam—Relations—Christianity. | Christianity and other religions—Islam. | Islam—Doctrines. | Christianity—Doctrines. Classification: LCC BP172 .Q7185 2016 | DDC 261.2/7—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016019945 Unless otherwise marked, Scripture quotations are the author’s translation. Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com. The “NIV” and “New International Version” are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.® Scripture quotations marked NRSV are from New Revised Standard Version Bible. Copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scriptures marked KJV are from the King James Version. Public domain. Any Internet addresses (websites, blogs, etc.) and telephone numbers in this book are offered as a resource. They are not intended in any way to be or imply an endorsement by Zondervan, nor does Zondervan vouch for the content of these sites and numbers for the life of this book. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of Zondervan e-books. ePub Edition © July 2016: ISBN 978-0-3105-2256-0 Published in association with the literary agency of Mark Sweeney & Associates, Bonita Springs, Florida 34135. Cover design: Brian Bobel Interior design: Kait Lamphere 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 DHV 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is dedicated to David Wood, a great friend and total doofus. CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface Prologue: Fatima’s Dilemma QUESTION 1: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY? PART 1: Sharia or the Gospel? Two Different Solutions 1. The Way to Life 2. Comparing Sharia and the Gospel 3. Questioning Grace 4. Diagnosis and Deliverance PART 2: Tawhid or the Trinity? Two Different Gods 5. The Islamic Inquisition 6. Comparing Tawhid and the Trinity 7. Questioning Complexity 8. Do Muslims and Christians Worship the Same God? PART 3: Muhammad or Jesus? Two Different Founders 9. The Council of Nicaea 10. Comparing the Messenger and the Messiah 11. Questioning the God-Man 12. Libya’s Best Friend PART 4: The Quran or the Bible? Two Different Scriptures 13. The Burning of Scripture 14. Comparing the Quran and the Bible 15. Questioning Texts 16. The First Burning of the Quran PART 5: Jihad or the Crusades? Two Different Holy Wars 17. The First Crusade 18. Comparing the Traditions of the Founders 19. Questioning Christian Peacefulness 20. Jesus versus Jihad QUESTION 2: CAN WE KNOW WHETHER ISLAM OR CHRISTIANITY IS TRUE? PART 6: Did Jesus Die on the Cross? 21. The Positive Case: Unanimous Records 22. The Islamic Response: It Was Made to Appear So 23. Assessing the Islamic Response: The Quran and the Historical Jesus 24. Conclusion: Jesus Died on the Cross PART 7: Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? 25. The Positive Case: The Best Explanation of the Facts 26. The Islamic Response: All Paul’s Fault 27. Assessing the Islamic Response: Paul and the Disciples in Proper Perspective 28. Conclusion: Jesus Rose from the Dead PART 8: Did Jesus Claim to Be God? 29. The Positive Case: Jesus Was Always God 30. The Islamic Response: Did Jesus Really Say “I Am God”? 31. Assessing the Islamic Response: Letting the Context Speak 32. Conclusion: Jesus Claimed to Be God Midway Summary to Question 2: Assessing the Case for Christianity and Islam’s Efforts to Account for Christian Origins PART 9: Is Muhammad a Prophet of God? 33. The Positive Case: The Foretold Paragon 34. The Response: Don’t Forget the Counterevidence 35. Assessing the Response: Hadith versus History 36. Conclusion: The Dilemma of the Historical Muhammad PART 10: Is the Quran the Word of God? 37. The Positive Case: There Is No Other Book Like It 38. The Response: In What Way Is That Miraculous? 39. Assessing the Response: What Kind of Book Is the Quran? 40. Conclusion: There Is No Compelling Reason to Think the Quran Is the Word of God Conclusion to Question 2: Islam or Christianity? The Evidence Is Clear CONCLUSION: IS THE TRUTH WORTH DYING FOR? Notes Bonus Content (Exclusive to eBook Edition) Q&A with Nabeel Qureshi Bonus Videos ACKNOWLEDGMENTS G reat heart and countless hours of effort have been invested into this book. I am deeply indebted to the Zondervan team for their encouragement in spite of the many bumps and turns along the way. I would particularly like to thank Madison Trammel for his ever-present support, Jesse Hillman for strategic perspectives, Brian Phipps for his longsuffering patience, and Stan Gundry for his vision in making this book a reality. Thanks is also due to Mark Sweeney for his insight, wisdom, and loyal friendship. I would also like to thank the many people who had a hand in making this book better: Richard Zetter, Richard Shumack, Matthew Thomas, John Njoroge, Shawn Hart, and Betsy Duncan. I must thank my darling bride, Michelle, for her loving encouragement despite the many days I had to spend away from her to write. I would also like to thank my beautiful daughter, Ayah, for being born in the middle of this project, filling my life with color and joy. Last, and certainly not least, I would like to thank the Lord God for giving me the impetus and means to pour myself into this effort. I pray it would all be for his glory and his people. Amen. PREFACE D ear Reader, I truly thank you for taking the time to read this book. For me, and for millions of others like me, the subject matter of these pages is far more than information. It is the full engagement of heart and mind in search for the true God and true Life. What I share is a summary of fifteen years of research that wrenched my heart and transformed my life. You might have already read the account of my journey from Islam to Christianity, Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus. That book is the heart of my story, detailing the relationships, emotions, and spiritual struggles in my search for God. No God but One: Allah or Jesus? is the mind of my story, examining the religions and their claims. In the course of this book, I hope to elucidate two overarching matters in particular: that the differences between Islam and Christianity have great implications, and that the evidence of history strongly supports the Christian claims.