Neurotransmitter Interaction and Compartmentation

824 Pages·1982·25.415 MB·English

by  E. George Gray, Phillip R. Gordon-Weeks, Robert D. Burgoyne (auth.), H. F. Bradford (eds.)

Neurotransmitter
Interaction and
Compartmentation
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contem
porary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the
world, assembled in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs
Division.
Series A: Life Sciences
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 41-Protein Biosynthesis in Eukaryotes
edited by R. Perez-Bercoff
Volume 42 - Nitroimidazoles: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Application
. edited by A. Breccia, B. Cavalieri, and G. E. Adams
Volume 43 - Advanced Topics on Radiosensitizers of Hypoxic Cells
edited by A. Breccia, C. Rimondi, and G. E. Adams
Volume 44 - Cell Regulation by Intracellular Signals
edited by Stephane Swillens and Jacques E. Dumont
Volume 45 - Structural Molecular Biology: Methods and Applications
edited by David B. Davies, Wolfram Saenger, and Steven S. Danyluk
Volume 46 - Post-Harvest Physiology and Crop Preservation
edited by Morris Lieberman
Volume 47-Targeting of Drugs
edited by Gregory Gregoriadis, Judith Senior, and Andre Trouet
Volume 48-Neurotransmitter Interaction and Compartmentation
edited by H. F. Bradford
Volume 49-Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation
edited by M. Grandolfo, S. Michaelson, and A. Rindi
Volume 50-Somatic Cell Genetics
edited by C. Thomas Caskey and D. Christopher Robbins
This series is published by an international board of publishers in con
junction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht, The Netherlands
and Hingham, Massachusetts, USA
D Behavioral and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Social Sciences The Hague, The Netherlands
E Applied Sciences
Neurotransmitter
Interaction and
Compartmentation
Edited by
H. F. Bradford
Imperial College of Science and Technology
London, United Kingdom
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Compartmentation and Neurotransmitter Interac
tion (1981: Powys, Wales)
Neurotransmitter interaction and compartmentation.
(NATO advanced study institutes series. Series A, Life sciences; v. 48)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Compartmentation and Neuro-
transmitter Interaction, held July 26-August 4,1981, in Powys, Wales"-Verso t.p.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Neurotransmitters - Congresses. 2. Compartmental analysis (Biology) - Congresses.
I. Bradford, H. F. (Henry F.) II. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. III. Title. IV.
Series.
QP364.7.N38 1981 599.01'88 82-5311
ISBN 978-1-4684-1142-3 ISBN 978-1-4684-1140-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-1140-9 AACR2
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Compartmentation
and Neurotransmitter Interaction, held July 26-August 4, 1981, in
Powys, Wales
© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1982
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The NATO Advanced Study Institute held in the Hotel Metropole
Llandrindod Wells, Powys, Wales from July 26th to August 4th 1981
provided an excellent platform for presentation and appraisal of
our current knowledge of neurotransmitter systems. The proceed
ings comprise the present volume and these were arranged to allow
study of the pathways and the interactions of specific transmitter
systems, one with another, in the various sub-regions of the
central nervous system. In addition several of the key factors
involved in neurotransmitter release were highlighted. These
include the structural and molecular organisation of the nerve
terminal, its organelles (such as vesicles, neurotubules and
synaptic densities) and the mechanisms involved in neurotransmitter
release including the participation of calcium. The organisation
of transmitter synthesis, storage and transport were discussed
together with their linkage to other streams of metabolism, and the
cellular compartmentation of these processes. In addition to the
principal lectures given at the Institute, many part1c1pants
presented short reports for discussion and these are all included
in this volume.
The success of the Study Institute was due to the careful
planning of the scientific programme to allow a smooth flow and
integration of the topics included and this is reflected in the
organisation of this book. The programme committee members were,
R.Balazs (London), H.F.Bradford (London,Director), J.B.Clark
(London), J.E. Cremer (MRC, Carshalton), J.S.Kelly (London), L.Lim
(London), M.J. Neal (London) and P.J.Roberts (Southampton).
The major part of the funds were obtained from NATO,
Scientific Affairs Division but additional financial support was
generously provided by Beechams Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Imperial
Chemical Industries Ltd. (Pharmaceuticals) Division, Glaxo
Laboratories Ltd., and The Boots Pure Drug Co.Ltd.
v
PREFACE
I should also like to thank my secretary Mrs. Barbara Cowen
for her energetic and thoughtful assistance in both the preparations
for the Study Institute, and the preparation of these proceedings
for publication which has greatly eased my task as Scientific
Director of the ASI and editor of this book.
H.F.Bradford
London, October 1981.
CONTENTS
PART I: NERVE ORGANISATION
T~RMINAL
Nerve-Terminal Ultrastructure: A Role for
Neurotubules • • . • • • • • • . 1
E.G.Gray, P.R.Gordon-Weeks and R.D.Burgoyne
Preparation of Synaptic Junctional Structures
by Phase Partitioning in the Presence
of n-Octyl-Glucoside 15
J.W.Gurd, P.R.Gordon-Weeks and W.H.Evans
Molecular Composition of Synaptic Junctions and
Post-Synaptic Densities: A Functional
Perspective .•• . • • • • • • 17
C.W.Cotman, E.E.Mena and M.N.Sampedro
Using Antibodies to Probe Brain Development 39
R.Hawkes, E.Niday and A.Matus
PART I I: KEY FACTORS IN NEUROTRANSMITTER
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE
Glutamate Depolarization - Induced Release in
the Cerebellum and its Regulation
by GABA • • • • • • 53
G.Levi and V.Gallo
Developmental Analysis of Neurotransmitter
Systems in Rabbit Retina • • • • 79
D.A.Redburn, C.K.Mitchell and C.K.Hampton
Granular Vesicles of the Posterior Pituitary:
A Model for Peptide Synthesis and
Transport • • • • • • • • • • • • • 99
B.T.Pickering
vii
v.iii CONTENTS
Calmodulin in Modulation of the Calcium
Signal in Synaptic Transmission • • • • • • • • •• 101
R.J.DeLorenzo
The Study of Receptors and Calcium Movements
in Smooth Muscle as a Model for
Presynaptic Events • • • • • • • • 121
T.Godfraind and R.C.Miller
Role for Contractile Proteins in Transmitter
Release? • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 139
S.Berl, R.Nunez, A.D.Colon and D.D.Clarke
New Insights into Vesicle Recycling in a
Model Cholinergic System •••••••••••• 151
V.P.Whittaker and I.S.Roed
Pharmacology of the Acetylcholine Release
evoked by one or a few Nerve Impulses
at the Nerve-Electroplaque Junction of
Torpedo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 175
L.Eder-Colli, Y.Dunant, J.Corthay, A.I.Walker
and F.Loctin
The Uptake and Metabolism of Choline Analogues
by Cholinergic Nerve Terminals • • • 191
B.Collier and Y.N.Kwok
Choline Uptake and Acetylcholine Release • • • • • • • • • •• 211
R.M.Marchbanks
PART III: NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND
THEIR INTERACTIONS AT
THE CELLULAR LEVEL
In Vivo Regulation of Nigrostriatal and
Mesocortico-prefrontal Dopaminergic
Neurones • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 219
J.Glowinski
Acetylcholine-Dopamine Interactions in the
Corpus Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens 235
J.S. de Belleroche
Cholinergic Systems in the CNS • • • • • • 253
P.L.McGeer, H.Kimura, E.G.McGeer and
J.H.Peng
CONTENTS ix
Distribution and Nature of Sub-Populations of
Muscarinic Receptors in CNS as
Judged by Receptor Binding • • • • 291
N.J.M.Birdsall
Regulation of Antagonist and Agonist Binding
to the Muscarinic Acetylcholine
Receptor by Protein Phosphorylation 297
R.D.Burgoyne
GABA Enzymes and Pathways • • • • • • 299
E.G.McGeer, P.L.McGeer and S.R.Vincent
GABA-Transaminase Inhibitors and Neuronal
Function 329
M.J.Jung
GABA Synthesis: Its Dynamics in Relation
to Glutamate and Glutamine Metabolism 345
C.Van den Berg, D.F.Matheson, M.C.Nijenmanting
and R.Bruntink
Metabolic and Transmitter Compartments for
Glutamate • • • 359
A. Hamberger , I.Jacobsson, S.-O.Molin,
B.Nystrom, M.Sandberg and U.Ungerstedt
Glutamate and Glutamine Transport in Cultured
Neuronal and Glial Cells 379
J.Borg, N.Ramaharobandro and J.Mark
Studies on Neuronal-Glial Metabolism of
Glutamate in Cerebellar Slices 383
w.J.Nicklas and B.Krespan
Amino Acid Compartments in Hippocampus:
An Autoradiographic Approach 395
J.Storm-Mathisen
PART IV: TRANSMITTER
METABOLISM
The Distribution and Regulation in Nerve Cells
and Astrocytes of Certain Enzymes
Associated with the Metabolic
Compartmentation of Glutamate • • • • • • • • . .• 411
A.J.Patel