Network Management: Concepts and tools

248 Pages·1994·7.887 MB·English

by  (auth.)

Network Management
Telecommunications Technology and Applications Series
Series editor:
S. Sharrock
Titles available
1. Coherent Lightwave Communications Technology
Edited by Sadakuni Shimada
2. Network Management
Concepts and tools
Edited by ARPEGE Group
Network Management
Concepts and tools
Edited by ARPEGE Group
Translated by
Edward STURT
H
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
First English language edition 1994
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1994
© 1992, Masson, Paris
ISBN 978-94-010-4563-6 ISBN 978-94-011-1290-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1290-1
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................ ix
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... xi
Authors of the ARPEGE group ......................................................................................... xiii
Chapter 1 Network architectures.......................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Economic aspects of telecommunications networks .............................. 1
1.3 Telephone networks ............................................................................... 2
1.4 PABX networks ....................................................................................... 4
1.5 Data networks ......................................................................................... 4
1.6 Diffusion networks .................................................................................. 6
1.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 7
Chapter 2 The functions of network management.. ............................................ 9
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 9
2.2 The importance of network management ............................................... 9
2.3 The cost and quality of service ............................................................. 10
2.4 Specific management functions ............................................................ 12
2.5 The different categories of management from a temporal perspective 17
2.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 28
Chapter 3 Network concepts involved in network management ..................... 31
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 31
3.2 Elementary activities and events .......................................................... 31
3.3 Resources ............................................................................................ 34
3.4 Actors ................................................................................................... 34
3.5 Network activity .................................................................................... 34
3.6 Services ................................................................................................ 36
3.7 Levels of abstraction ............................................................................. 36
3.8 Addressing and naming ........................................................................ 37
3.9 Network management and artificial intelligence ................................... 41
3.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 42
Chapter 4 Standardization and network management architecture ................ 43
4.1 Standardization organizations .............................................................. 43
4.2 The framework of the standardization of network management.. ......... 45
4.3 Overview ............................................................................................... 45
4.4 The architectural framework of OSI management ................................ 47
4.5 System management ............................................................................ 51
4.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 60
Chapter 5 Standardized network management applications ........................... 61
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 61
5.2 Managed objects .................................................................................. 61
5.3 The object management function ......................................................... 64
5.4 The relationship management function ................................................ 66
vi Contents
5.5 The state management function ........................................................... 68
5.6 The alarm report function ..................................................................... 69
5.7 The event report function ...................................................................... 71
5.8 The log report function .......................................................................... 72
5.9 The security alarm report function ........................................................ 73
5.10 The test management function ............................................................. 74
5.11 Other functions ..................................................................................... 75
5.12 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 76
Chapter 6 Telecommunications management networks .................................. 79
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 79
6.2 The telecommunications network and the TMN ................................... 80
6.3 The functions of the TMN ..................................................................... 81
6.4 Functional architecture ......................................................................... 82
6.5 Physical architecture and communications interfaces .......................... 83
6.6 Agents and managers .......................................................................... 86
6.7 Shared management information ......................................................... 87
6.8 Management applications ..................................................................... 87
6.9 Interoperation ....................................................................................... 90
Chapter 7 Management of operators and the man-machine interface ............ 93
7.1 General ................................................................................................. 93
7.2 The functions of a workstation .............................................................. 94
7.3 The structure of a workstation .............................................................. 97
7.4 The man-machine interface .................................................................. 98
7.5 Operator assistance ........................................................................... 106
7.6 Security ............................................................................................ '" 10 9
7.7 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 109
Chapter 8 Network management platforms and integrators .......................... 111
8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... '" 111
8.2 TMN Kernel, Alcatel ............................................................................ 113
8.3 TMOS, Ericsson ................................................................................. 114
8.4 Integrators .......................................................................................... 116
8.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 119
Chapter 9 Solutions for switched networks .................................................... 121
9.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 121
9.2 Production management .................................................................... 122
9.3 Engineering planning and programming ............................................. 123
9.4 Network description management ...................................................... 123
9.5 Network and traffic control .................................................................. 123
9.6 Resource allocation ............................................................................ 125
9.7 Operations .......................................................................................... 126
9.8 Supervision ......................................................................................... 128
9.9 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 129
9.10 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 129
Chapter 10 Managing ISONs and PABXs ........................................................... 131
10.1 ISDNs ................................................................................................. 131
Contents vii
10.2 PABXs ................................................................................................ 132
Chapter 11 Managing X.25 networks .................................................................. 135
11.1 Managing the Transpac network ........................................................ 135
11.2 The management of private networks ................................................ 144
Chapter 12 Private vendor networks .................................................................. 147
12.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 147
12.2 Bull ...................................................................................................... 147
12.3 IBM ..................................................................................................... 150
12.4 Digital Equipment ............................................................................... 152
12.5 Hewlett Packard ................................................................................ 155
12.6 The Management 5 network management project ............................. 157
12.7 The Alcatel1300 management system .............................................. 159
12.8 Management of a private X.25 network .............................................. 161
Chapter 13 Local area networks and the SNMP protocol ................................ 163
13.1 Local area networks ........................................................................... 163
13.2 LAN management ............................................................................... 164
13.3 LAN security ....................................................................................... 165
13.4 Extended LANs ................................................................................... 166
13.5 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ................................ 168
13.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 169
Chapter 14 Corporate organizations, network management, and
information systems security .......................................................... 171
14.1 Corporate organization ....................................................................... 171
14.2 Organization and methodology ........................................................... 172
14.3 The strategic importance of network management ............................ 173
14.4 Information systems security .............................................................. 175
14.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 182
Chapter 15 Case study: the GSM digital radiocommunications system ........ 183
15.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 183
15.2 The GSM system ................................................................................ 183
15.3 System architecture ............................................................................ 184
15.4 Questions and answers ...................................................................... 186
Chapter 16 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 199
Appendix A Glossary ............................................................................................ 201
Appendix B List of abbreviations ........................................................................ 215
Appendix C Bibliography ...................................................................................... 235
Appendix D Standardization organizations ........................................................ 241
Appendix E Standards and recommendations related to
network management ....................................................................... 243
Appendix F ASN.1 ................................................................................................. 247
Preface
Try to imagine a railway network that did not check its rolling stock, track, and
signals whenever a failure occurred, or only discovered the whereabouts of its lo
comotives and carriages during annual stock taking. Just imagine a railway that
kept its trains waiting because there were no available locomotives. Similar
thoughts could apply to any transport network of trucks, buses, or taxis covering
a wide geographical area. It is quite clear that the quality of service and safety,
and the cost efficiency of any network depend on the effective and timely man
agement of network resources.
The same is true of telecommunications networks. For a long time now, telecom
munications networks have been designed and built with remote monitoring and
control devices. The very dimensions of networks and the need to intervene rap
idly in the event of an incident made these devices imperative. On the other
hand, the means of measuring quality of service did not appear till much later.
Data transmission networks developed during the 1970s were often designed
without any network management features. The technical traditions of the world
of information technology had been forged on small systems with just a few
dozen terminals spread over a small area. At the time, the extension of networks
to cover wide geographical areas was not perceived as a change of dimension.
As computerized networks achieved national and international dimensions, they
outgrew their original technical design, which was often rudimentary in terms of
network management tools. Then emerged the notion of heterogeneous or multi
vendor networks that brought together hardware and software from different sup
pliers in a single system. A double challenge had to be met; on the one hand,
complex modern networks required new administrative techniques; and on the
other, the mechanisms used by different suppliers had to be standardized. Nu
merous international organizations are currently cooperating in an effort to
achieve these ends.
This book discusses and describes the different theories and techniques of net
work management in such a way that readers can readily understand both the
industrial reality and the latest conceptual advances being made in this field. This
book is the first of its kind to provide such an extensive overview of network
management. Our thanks must go to the authors who have succeeded in present-
x preface
ing a vast array of information in a readily accessible form. This book will surely
become a reference work of considerable standing.
Louis Pouzin, Doyen of the THESEUS Institute, Sophia Antipolis, France
Introduction
Channels of communication, such as roads, railways, or electrical power sup
plies, give structure to our communities. Computer networks, which transport
information rather than inert electrical current, are instruments of power. The or
ganizational, economic, social, and technical fortunes of companies, societies
and nations depend on the control of these networks. The first networks to be ad
ministered were transport networks, such as the Roman roads. Travellers or
inspectors acted as alarms or observers by notifying the administrators of any
broken paving stones. Errors were corrected by identifying and replacing the
broken stones. The network was configured by paving certain sections rather
than others, or by building extensions here rather than there. Network perform
ance was improved by widening any bottlenecks, security was managed by the
police, and accounts were managed by requiring travellers to pay a toll. This ex
ample includes all the basic functions of network management. These functions,
which are all part of the management of the production process, closely resemble
the functions found in any system designed to manage transport networks or
power supply networks.
The first attempt at telecommunications network management on a significant
scale was made in 1884, when a study was made to determine optimal charges
for network usage. The study was made by Morris Taylor on behalf of the South
ern New England Telephone Company six years after the telephone first came
into commercial service. As networks were extended to cover wider geographi
cal areas, as they became more complex and heterogeneous, and as information
technology and telecommunications became more integrated and pressure from
network users increased, the scientific and technical community gradually came
to consider network management as a discipline in its own right, and manufac
turers began to offer network management products. However, there was a lack
of quality books that comprehensively covered the subject from a technical per
spective. This book attempts to fill that gap. It was the aim of the authors to
produce an analytical work providing an overview of the concepts and the tools
of network management.
Chapter 1 briefly goes over the salient features of telecommunications networks
and draws the lines defining the scope of network management. Chapters 2 and 3
discuss the requirements and the functions of network management as well as the