Nephrotheca, a new monotypic genus of the Compositae-Calenduleae from the southwestern Cape Province

2006·1.6 MB·

by  Bertil Nordenstam

32 Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006
Nephrotheca^ a new monotypic genus ofthe
Compositae-Calenduleae from thesouthwestern
Cape Province
BertilNordenstam,MariKallersjo&PiAEldenas
SwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory
P.O.Box50007,S-10405Stockholm,Sweden
bertil.nordenstam(a)nrm.se;[email protected]
Abstract
NephrothecaB. Nord& Kallersjo is described as anew genus oftheCompositae-
Calenduleae.ThesinglespeciesN. ilicifolia(L.)B.Nord.&Kallersjoisdistributedin
the southwestern Cape Province ofSouth Africa.The species has previously been
included in GibbariaCass. becauseofasimilarfruitmorphology, butisgenerically
distinctonmorphologicalandmolecularevidence.
Introduction
OngoingphylogeneticstudiesofthetribeCalenduleaehaveclearlydemonstratedthe
polyphyleticnatureofthesmallgenus GibbariaCASs.Thisgenuswasestablishedby
Cassini (1817) with a single species, G. bicolor CASS.The genus was not well
understoodby laterauthors, e.g. Harvey(1865),who listeditasadoubtful genusof
theArctotideae.
NoRLiNDH(1943)recognizedGibbariaasadistinctgenusrelatedtoOsteospermiimL.
and especially to Calendula L. He noted that the generic type had been described
alreadybyThunberg(1800)asOsteospermiimscabrumThunb.DeCandolle(1836)
described the same taxon as Xerothammts eckloniamis DC. without realizing its
identitywith Osteospermumscabrum Thunb. or Gibbaria bicolorCass.As pointed
outbyNoRLiNDH(1943)thecorrectnameofthetypeoiGibbariaisGscabra(Thunb.)
TNORL.
However,Norlindh(1943)addedasecondspecies,G ilicifdlia(L.)T.Norl.,basedon
Osteospermum ilicifolium L. (Linnaeus 1759).This is a well-known plant from the
southwestern Cape, fairly common on Table Mountain, and illustrated as early as
1739byBuRMAN.
Norlindh basedhistaxonomicdecisiononthegenericpositionofO. ilicifoliumona
singlecharacter, viz. the shapeofthecypsela.This iscurvedandkidney-shapedand
.
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 33
alsoprovidedwithadistinctventralcavityinGibbariascabraaswellasO. ilicifolium
(Fig.2).
However,thesetwospeciesareverydifferentinotherimportantmorphologicalchar-
acters(seebelow),andinouropiniontheyarenotcongeneric.Thisconclusionisalso
supported by molecular information obtained from an ongoing study ofthe entire
tribe (Kallersjo et al., in prep). Both species of Gibbaria were included in a
phylogenetic analysisbasedonsequences fromthendhVandtmL-¥genes,together
witharepresentivesampleofallrecognizedgenerasensuNordenstam(inpress).The
analysis placed the two Gibbaria species in very different parts ofthe tree (Fig. 3).
Gibbaria ilicifolia was found as sister to all Calenduleae save Ganileum and
Dimorphotheca, whereas GibbariascabrawasnestedwithinagroupofOsteosper-
mums,with OsteospermumglabrumN. E. Br. asitsclosestrelative.Toensurethatit
was not a case of contamination we repeated the DNA extractions, PCR and
sequencing, but the result was the same. Analyses using parsimony jackknifing
&
(Farrisetal. 1996)orBayesian inference(Huelsenbeck Ronquist2001)resulted
completely congruent topologies.
A new monotypic genus is here described to accommodate the southwestern Cape
species Gibbaria ilicifolia. The generic name Nephrotheca is inspired by the
reniformcypselas.
&
NephrothecaB.Nord. Kallersjo,gen.nov.(Compositae-Calenduleae)
Frutex erectus vel difflisus ramosus usquead0.5 m altusglanduloso-hirtellus. Folia
altema sessilia ovato-oblonga ad lanceolata 2-6 cm longa 1^ cm lata, apice
mucronata, margine sinuato-dentata vel denticulata. Capitula solitaria breviter
pedunculataheterogamaradiata.Involucrumcampanulatum;involucribracteae 10-13
uniseriataevelsubbiseriataelanceolatae6-10mmlongae 1.5-2.5mmlatae. Flosculi
radii feminei 10-13; ligulae flavae subterplerumquerubro-violaceae. Flosculi disci
9-steriles,corollaflavaquinqelobata.Cypselaehomomorphaecalvaeglabraeincurvae
reniformes4—5mmlongae2-3mmlataecavemamventralemincludentes.
&
Type:A^. ilicifolia(L.)B.Nord. Kallersjo.
Singlespecies:
&
NephrothecaiUcifolia(L.)B.Nord. Kallersjo,comb.nov.
Basionym:OsteospermumilicifoliumL.,Syst.Nat.ed. 10: 1234(1759).
Lectotype,designatedhere:Herb.LINN 1037:9(LINN).-Fig. 1
N. ilicifoliaiswidespreadinthesouthwesternCapeProvinceincludingTableMoun-
tain and other parts ofthe Cape Peninsula, and also on mountain slopes up to ca.
1000 ms.m.northwardstoBainsKloofandFrenchHoekMountainsandeastwards
34 Comp. Newsl. 44,2006
to Swellendam. It is a smelly glandular shrub or shrublet with flat oblong to ovate
leaves with a dentate and scabrid margin. The solitary terminal capitula have
phyllariesmoreorlessinasinglerow,yellowray-florets,sometimeswithareddishor
purpletingebelow,andthedisc-floretsarealsoyellow.
Thegenus GibbariaCass, isnow likewisemonotypic. G. scabraCass, is a shrublet
withaverydifferenthabit,withentire,lineartosubulateandapicallypungentleaves;
the involucral bracts are imbricate, and the rays are white above and more or less
orange-yellowbelow.
References
BuRMAN, J. 1739. Rariorum africanarum plantarum, p. 172, tab. 62. Boussiere,
Amsterdam.
Candolle,a. p. de 1836.Prodromussystematisregnivegetabilisvol. 5.Treuttel&
Wiirtz,Paris.
Cassini,H. 1817.79.Gibbaria.Bull. Sci.Soc.Phil. 1817:139.
& G
Farris,J. S.,Albert,V.A., Kallersjo, M., Lipscomb,D., A. Kluge. 1996.
Parsimonyjackknifingoutperformsneighbour-joining.Cladistics 12: 99-124.
Harvey,W.H. 1865. Compositae.In:Harvey,W.H.&O.W.Sonder,Floracapensis
vol.3.HodgesSmith&Co.,Dublin;Juta,CapeTown.
Huelsenbeck, J. P. & F. RoNQUisT 2001. MrBAYES: Bayesian inference of
phylogenetictrees.5/o/>7/orma//c5 17:754-755.
Kallersjo,M.,Nordenstam,B.,Eldenas,P.,Barker,N.P.&A.R.Woodinprep.
Are-evaluationofgenericdelimitationsintheCalenduleae-morphologicaland
molecularevidence(tentativetitle).
Linnaeus,C. 1759.Systemanaturae,ed. 10.Imp.L.Salvii,Holmiae.
Nordenstam,B. inpress.TribeCalenduleae.In: Kadereit,J.W. &C.Jeffrey(eds.),
TheFamiliesandGeneraofVascularPlants,vol.VIII(seriesed.,K.Kubitzki).
Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Asterales. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York:
Springer.
Norlindh, T. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae. I. Monograph of the genera
Dimorphotheca, Castalis, Osteospermum, Gibbaria and Chrysanthemoides.
C.W.K.Gleerup,Lund.
Thunberg, C. P. 1800. Prodromusplantarum capensium, pars posterior. Joh. Fr.
Edman,Upsaliae.
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 35
!€
i
a:^.y^^-
Fig. 1. LectotypeoWsteospermumilicifoUumL.,generictypeofNephrotheca
B.NoRD.&Kallersjo.linn1037:9(LINN).
''ilicifoUum'"inLinnaeus'handwriting.
36 Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006
D
Fig. 2. CypselasofNephrothecailiclfolia(L.)
B.NoRD.&Kallersjo(A-C)andGibbahascabra(Thunb.)T.Norl.(D-F).
A, DRadialside.B,EVentralside.C,FLongitudinalsectionshowingseed
cavity(left)andventralcavity(right), x6.FromNorlindh(1943).
<
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 37
2 m
—I
;-(
cO3
O «9
03
C3
o
2
ex 0O-)h U
C O O o eOn 0^3
_
—^ -^*— -4—" .D 1^
O < Oc3 Q Uc3 O O O o u
Fig.3.SimplifiedparsimonyjackknifetreeshowingthepositionofNephrotheca
inthetribe, basedonndh¥ and//77L-F sequencedata.
Numbersonnodesrepresentparsimonyjackknifefrequencies.