Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Volume 1

2016·62.34 MB·English

by  Kliegman R.

Nelson
TEXTBOOK of
PEDIATRICS
Nelson
TEXTBOOK of
PEDIATRICS
EDITION 20
Robert M. Kliegman, MD
Professor and Chair Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Bonita F. Stanton, MD Nina F. Schor, MD, PhD
Vice-Dean of Research William H. Eilinger Professor and Chair
Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics
Wayne State University School of Medicine Professor
Detroit, Michigan Department of Neurology
Pediatrician-in-Chief
Joseph W. St Geme III, MD
Golisano Children’s Hospital
Chair, Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology Rochester, New York
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania Editor Emeritus
Physician-in-Chief
Richard E. Behrman, MD
Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Endowed Chair in
Pediatrics Nonprofit Healthcare and Educational
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Consultants to Medical Institutions
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Santa Barbara, California
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste. 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
NELSON TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS, TWENTIETH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-7566-8
International Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-35307-6
Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc.
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International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4557-7566-8
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Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the Child’s Physician and especially to those who through their expressed confidence
in past editions of this book have provided the stimulus for this revision.
Waldo E. Nelson, 9/e, 1969
This is as true in 2015 as it was in 1969.
R.M. Kliegman, 20/e, 2015
Contributors
Mark J. Abzug, MD Michael A. Alexander, MD Alia Y. Antoon, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Medicine Assistant Clinical Professor
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Thomas Jefferson Medical College Department of Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Harvard Medical School
Children’s Hospital Colorado Emeritus Medical Staff Chief of Pediatrics
Aurora, Colorado Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Shriners Hospital for Children
Nonpolio Enteroviruses Wilmington, Delaware Boston, Massachusetts
Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services Burn Injuries
David R. Adams, MD, PhD Cold Injuries
National Human Genome Research Institute Omar Ali, MD
National Institutes of Health Assistant Professor Susan D. Apkon, MD
Bethesda, Maryland Department of Pediatrics Associate Professor
Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Diseases Division of Endocrinology University of Washington School of Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Director, Rehabilitation Medicine
Stewart L. Adelson, MD Milwaukee, Wisconsin Seattle Children’s Hospital
Assistant Clinical Professor Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Seattle, Washington
Department of Psychiatry Syndromes Ambulation Assistance
Columbia University College of Physicians and Hypofunction of the Testes
Surgeons Pseudoprecocity Resulting from Tumors of the Testes Stacy P. Ardoin, MD, MHS
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor Gynecomastia Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology
University Namasivayam Ambalavanan, MD The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
New York, New York Professor of Pediatrics Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents Division of Neonatology Columbus, Ohio
University of Alabama, Birmingham Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
John J. Aiken, MD, FACS, FAAP Birmingham, Alabama Vasculitis Syndromes
Professor of Surgery High-Risk Pregnancies
Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery The Fetus Monica I. Ardura, DO, MSCS
Medical College of Wisconsin Nervous System Disorders Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
The Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Hypoxia-Ischemic Encephalopathy Section of Infectious Disease and Immunology
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Respiratory Tract Disorders The Ohio State University College of Medicine
Acute Appendicitis Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Inguinal Hernias Kernicterus Columbus, Ohio
Epigastric Hernia Genitourinary System Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
The Umbilicus
Begum Akay, MD Metabolic Disturbances Michelle M. Ariss, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery The Endocrine System Assistant Professor
Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of Ophthalmology
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Karl E. Anderson, MD, FACP University of Missouri—Kansas City School of
Medicine Professor Medicine
Beaumont Health Departments of Preventive Medicine, Community Children’s Mercy Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan Health, Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology Kansas City, Missouri
Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum and Toxicology Growth and Development (Eye)
Director, Porphyria Laboratory and Center Examination of the Eye
Cezmi A. Akdis, MD University of Texas Medical Branch Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
Professor of Immunology Galveston, Texas Disorders of Vision
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research The Porphyrias Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
Education Peter M. Anderson, MD, PhD Abnormalities of the Lids
Davos, Switzerland; Curtis Distinguished Professor Disorders of the Lacrimal System
Medical Faculty, University of Zurich Department of Pediatrics Disorders of the Conjunctiva
Zurich, Switzerland University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Abnormalities of the Cornea
Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease Houston, Texas Abnormalities of the Lens
Neoplasms of the Kidney Disorders of the Uveal Tract
Evaline A. Alessandrini, MD, MSCE Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Kelly K. Anthony, PhD, PLLC Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Assistant Professor Childhood Glaucoma
Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Orbital Abnormalities
Director, Quality Scholars Program in Health Care Duke University Medical Center Orbital Infections
Transformation Durham, North Carolina Injuries to the Eye
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
Cincinnati, Ohio Thaís Armangué, MD
Emergency Medical Services for Children: Outcomes Clinical Fellow and Predoctoral Researcher
and Risk Adjustment ICREA-IDIBAPS Neuroimmunology Program
Hospital Clinic
Barcelona, Spain
Autoimmune Encephalitis
vi
Contributors  vii
Carola A.S. Arndt, MD Ellis D. Avner, MD Christina Bales, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Professor Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Medicine
Mayo Clinic Milwaukee, Wisconsin Attending Physician
Rochester, Minnesota Introduction to Glomerular Diseases Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Soft Tissue Sarcomas Clinical Evaluation of the Child with Hematuria Nutrition
Neoplasms of Bone Isolated Glomerular Diseases with Recurrent Gross The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Hematuria Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Stephen S. Arnon, MD, MPH Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infections Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
Chief, Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Membranous Nephropathy
Program Branch Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis William F. Balistreri, MD
Division of Communicable Disease Control Glomerulonephritis Associated with Systemic Lupus Medical Director Emeritus, Pediatric Liver Care
Center for Infectious Diseases Erythematosus Center
California Department of Public Health Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,
Richmond, California Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis and Nutrition
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Goodpasture Disease Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Cincinnati, Ohio
Upper Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
Stephen C. Aronoff, MD, MBA Hematologic Diseases Causing Hematuria Manifestations of Liver Disease
Professor and Waldo E. Nelson Chair Anatomic Abnormalities Associated with Hematuria Cholestasis
Department of Pediatrics Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
Temple University School of Medicine Introduction to the Child with Proteinuria Viral Hepatitis
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Transient Proteinuria Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Disorders
Cryptococcus neoformans Orthostatic (Postural) Proteinuria Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) Fixed Proteinuria
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Nephrotic Syndrome Robert S. Baltimore, MD
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) Tubular Function Professor of Pediatrics and Epidemiology
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis) Renal Tubular Acidosis Clinical Professor of Nursing
Nonbacterial Food Poisoning Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Associate Director of Hospital Epidemiology (for
Bartter and Gitelman Syndromes and Other Pediatrics)
David M. Asher, MD Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities Yale-New Haven Hospital
Supervisory Medical Officer Tubulointerstitial Nephritis New Haven, Connecticut
Chief, Laboratory of Bacterial and Transmissible Toxic Nephropathy Listeria monocytogenes
Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents Cortical Necrosis Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Renal Failure Stenotrophomonas
(CBER)
United States Food and Drug Administration Carlos A. Bacino, MD Manisha Balwani, MBBS, MS
Silver Spring, Maryland Professor of Molecular and Human Genetics Assistant Professor
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Baylor College of Medicine Departments of Medicine and Genetics and
Chief, Genetics Service Genomic Sciences
Ann Ashworth, PhD, Hon FRCPCH Director, Pediatric Genetics Clinic Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Professor Emeritus Texas Children’s Hospital New York, New York
Department of Population Health Houston, Texas The Porphyrias
Nutrition Group Cytogenetics
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Christine E. Barron, MD
London, United Kingdom Robert N. Baldassano, MD Associate Clinical Professor
Nutrition, Food Security, and Health Colman Family Chair in Pediatric Inflammatory Department of Pediatrics
Bowel Disease and Professor of Pediatrics Brown University Alpert Medical School
Barbara L. Asselin, MD University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Rhode Island Hospital
Professor of Pediatrics and Oncology Medicine Providence, Rhode Island
Department of Pediatrics Director, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Adolescent Rape
University of Rochester School of Medicine Disease
Golisano Children’s Hospital The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Karyl S. Barron, MD
Rochester, New York Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Deputy Director
Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Inflammatory Bowel Disease Division of Intramural Research
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Joann L. Ater, MD Diseases
Associate Professor Keith D. Baldwin, MD, MSPT, MPH National Institutes of Health
Department of Pediatrics Assistant Professor Bethesda, Maryland
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Amyloidosis
Houston, Texas University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Brain Tumors in Childhood Medicine Dorsey M. Bass, MD
Neuroblastoma Neuromuscular Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Trauma Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology
Erika F. Augustine, MD Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Stanford University School of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Palo Alto, California
Division of Child Neurology Growth and Development Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Astroviruses
University of Rochester Medical Center Evaluation of the Child
Rochester, New York Torsional and Angular Deformities
Dystonia Common Fractures
Marilyn C. Augustyn, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Impact of Violence on Children
viii  Contributors
Mark L. Batshaw, MD Susanne M. Benseler, MD, PhD Joshua A. Blatter, MD, MPH
Professor and Chairman Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine Instructor in Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics University of Calgary Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and
Associate Dean, Academic Affairs Pediatric Rheumatologist, Section Chief Pulmonary Medicine
George Washington University Rheumatology Associate Director, Pediatric Lung Transplantation
School of Medicine and Health Sciences Alberta Children’s Hospital Center
Executive Vice-President Calgary, Alberta, Canada Washington University School of Medicine in
Chief Academic Officer and Physician-in-Chief Central Nervous System Vasculitis St. Louis
Children’s National Medical Center St. Louis, Missouri
Washington, DC Daniel Bernstein, MD Congenital Disorders of the Lung
Intellectual Disability Alfred Woodley Salter and Mabel Smith Salter
Endowed Professor in Pediatrics Archie Bleyer, MD, FRCP (Glasg)
Nerissa S. Bauer, MD, MPH Stanford University School of Medicine Clinical Research Professor
Assistant Professor Director, Division of Pediatric Cardiology Knight Cancer Center
Department of General and Community Pediatrics Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Oregon Health & Science University
Section of Children’s Health Services Research Palo Alto, California Chair, Institutional Review Board for St. Charles
Indiana University School of Medicine Cardiac Development Health System
Indianapolis, Indiana The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition Portland, Oregon;
Developmental-Behavioral Screening and History and Physical Examination Professor of Pediatrics
Surveillance Laboratory Evaluation University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Houston, Texas
Michelle L. Bayer, MD Disease Principles of Treatment (Cancer and Benign Tumors)
Resident Physician Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child with The Leukemias
Department of Dermatology Congenital Heart Disease Congenital Disorders of the Lung
Medical College of Wisconsin Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Left-to-Right
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Shunt Lesions Steven R. Boas, MD, FAAP, FACSM
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Obstructive Director, The Cystic Fibrosis Center of Chicago
Disorders of the Mucous Membranes Lesions President and CEO, The Cystic Fibrosis Institute
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Glenview, Illinois;
Richard E. Behrman, MD Lesions Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Nonprofit Healthcare and Educational Consultants Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation of Northwestern University Feinberg School of
to Medical Institutions the Critically Ill Neonate with Cyanosis and Medicine
Santa Barbara, California Respiratory Distress Chicago, Illinois
Overview of Pediatrics Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: Lesions Emphysema and Overinflation
Associated with Decreased Pulmonary Blood α-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
1
Michael J. Bell, MD Flow Other Distal Airway Diseases
Professor Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurologic Associated with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Surgery, and Pediatrics Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Walter O. Bockting, PhD
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Malformations Professor of Medical Psychology (in Psychiatry and
Director, Pediatric Neurocritical Care Pulmonary Hypertension Nursing)
Director, Pediatric Neurotrauma Center General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Disease Institute
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Infective Endocarditis Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health
Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization Rheumatic Heart Disease Department of Psychiatry
Heart Failure Columbia University College of Physicians and
John W. Belmont, MD, PhD Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation Surgeons
Professor Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and New York, New York
Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Fistulas) Sexual Identity Development
Pediatrics, and Pathology and Immunology
Baylor College of Medicine Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, MBBS, PhD, Neal F. Boerkoel, MD, PhD
Houston, Texas FRCPCH, FAAP National Human Genome Research Institute
Genetics of Common Disorders Professor of Paediatrics, Nutritional Sciences, and National Institutes of Health
Public Health Bethesda, Maryland
Daniel K. Benjamin Jr., MD, PhD, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed
MPH Robert Harding Chair in Global Child Health and Diseases
Professor of Pediatrics Policy
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Co-Director, SickKids Centre for Global Child Natalija Bogdanovic, MD
Faculty Associate Director, Duke Clinical Research Health Department of Psychiatry
Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Boston Medical Center
Duke University Medical Center Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Boston, Massachusetts
Durham, North Carolina Founding Director, Centre of Excellence in Women Mood Disorders
Principles of Antifungal Therapy and Child Health
Candida The Aga Khan University, South Central Asia and Mark Boguniewicz, MD
East Africa Professor of Pediatrics
Michael J. Bennett, PhD, FRCPath, Karachi, Pakistan Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology
FACB Innovations in Addressing Child Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Survival in Low-Income Settings National Jewish Health
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Salmonella Denver, Colorado
Medicine Acute Gastroenteritis in Children Ocular Allergies
Director, Michael J. Palmieri Metabolic Disease Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Laboratory Samra S. Blanchard, MD
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Associate Professor of Pediatrics Daniel J. Bonthius, MD, PhD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of Maryland School of Medicine Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology
Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ß-Oxidation Baltimore, Maryland University of Iowa School of Medicine
Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children Iowa City, Iowa
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Contributors  ix
Brett J. Bordini Cynthia Etzler Budek, MS, APN/NP, Miguel M. Cabada, MD, MSc
Assistant Professor CPNP-AC/PC Research Associate, Tropical Medicine Institute
Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Lima, Peru;
Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine Adjunct Instructor of Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Transitional Care/Pulmonary Habilitation Unit Division of Infectious Diseases
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Plastic Bronchitis Chicago Galveston, Texas
Chicago, Illinois Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and
Kenneth M. Boyer, MD Chronic Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Echinococcus multilocularis)
Woman’s Board Professor and Chairman
Rush Medical College of Rush University E. Stephen Buescher, MD Derya Caglar, MD
Chicago, Illinois Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) Eastern Virginia Medical School Department of Pediatrics
Medical Director, Infection Control University of Washington School of Medicine
Amanda M. Brandow, DO, MS Medical Director, Clinical Microbiology Attending Physician
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Laboratory Division of Emergency Medicine
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters Seattle Children’s Hospital
Medical College of Wisconsin Norfolk, Virginia Seattle, Washington
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Drowning and Submersion Injury
Polycythemia
Non-Clonal Polycythemia Supinda Bunyavanich, MD, MPH Mitchell S. Cairo, MD
Anatomy and Function of the Spleen Assistant Professor Professor
Splenomegaly Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Pathology,
Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy Genomic Sciences Microbiology and Immunology and Cell
Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Biology and Anatomy
†David Branski, MD Mindich Child Heath and Development Institute New York Medical College
Professor Emeritus Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology,
The Hebrew University–Hadassah School of New York, New York and Stem Cell Transplantation
Medicine Diagnosis of Allergic Disease Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester
Jerusalem, Israel Principles of Treatment of Allergic Disease Medical Center
Disorders of Malabsorption New York Medical College
Chronic Diarrhea Carey-Ann D. Burnham, PhD Valhalla, New York
Assistant Professor of Pathology and Immunology Lymphoma
David T. Breault, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine in St. Lauren E. Camarda, MD
Harvard Medical School Louis Instructor in Pediatrics
Division of Endocrinology Medical Director, Clinical Microbiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Boston Children’s Hospital Barnes-Jewish Hospital Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts St. Louis, Missouri Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
Diabetes Insipidus Diagnostic Microbiology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of
Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Chicago
Metabolism and Action Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH Chicago, Illinois
Clinical Professor Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
William J. Britt, MD Department of Pediatrics
Charles A. Alford Professor of Pediatric Infectious State University of New York at Buffalo Bruce M. Camitta, MD
Diseases School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Rebecca Jean Slye Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Commissioner Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
Neurobiology Erie County Department of Health Medical College of Wisconsin
University of Alabama Birmingham School of Buffalo, New York Midwest Children’s Cancer Center
Medicine Adolescent Physical and Social Development Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Birmingham, Alabama The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems Polycythemia
Cytomegalovirus Delivery of Healthcare to Adolescents Non-Clonal Polycythemia
The Breast Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
Angela R. Bryan, MD Menstrual Problems Splenomegaly
Fellow in Pediatric Rheumatology Contraception Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
Duke University Health System Sexually Transmitted Infections Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
Durham, North Carolina Abnormalities of Lymphatic Vessels
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Amaya L. Bustinduy, MD, MPH, FAAP, Lymphadenopathy
FRCPCH
Rebecca H. Buckley, MD Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group Angela J.P. Campbell, MD, MPH
J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics (PIDRG) Medical Officer
Professor of Immunology St. George’s University of London Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza
Duke University School of Medicine London, United Kingdom Division
Durham, North Carolina Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma) National Center for Immunization and Respiratory
Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal) Diseases
The T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and Natural Killer Atlanta, Georgia
Cells Influenza Viruses
Primary Defects of Antibody Production Parainfluenza Viruses
Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
Primary Combined Antibody and Cellular
Immunodeficiencies
†Deceased
x  Contributors
Waldemar A. Carlo, MD Jennifer I. Chapman, MD Christine B. Cho, MD
Edwin M. Dixon Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Director, Division of Neonatology George Washington University School of Medicine Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical
University of Alabama, Birmingham Hospital and Health Sciences Immunology
Birmingham, Alabama Program Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine National Jewish Health
Overview of Mortality and Morbidity Fellowship University of Colorado School of Medicine
The Newborn Infant Children’s National Medical Center Denver, Colorado
High-Risk Pregnancies Washington, DC Ocular Allergies
The Fetus Principles Applicable to the Developing World Adverse Reactions to Drugs
The High-Risk Infant
Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Ira M. Cheifetz, MD, FCCM, FAARC Robert D. Christensen, MD
Period Professor of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology Professor and Presidential Endowed Chair
Nervous System Disorders Chief, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Divisions of Neonatology and Hematology/
Delivery Room Emergencies Duke University School of Medicine Oncology
Respiratory Tract Disorders Chief Medical Officer, Children’s Services Department of Pediatrics
Digestive System Disorders Associate Chief Medical Officer, Duke Hospital University of Utah School of Medicine
Blood Disorders Duke Children’s Hospital Director of Neonatology Research
Genitourinary System Durham, North Carolina Intermountain Healthcare
The Umbilicus Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation Salt Lake City, Utah
Metabolic Disturbances Shock Development of the Hematopoietic System
The Endocrine System
Wassim Chemaitilly, MD Andrew Chu, MD
Robert B. Carrigan, MD Director, Endocrinology Division Attending Physician
Assistant Clinical Professor St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Division of Gastroenterology
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Memphis, Tennessee Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Physiology of Puberty Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Medicine Disorders of Pubertal Development Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie
Pediatric Hand Surgeon Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Yuan-Tsong Chen, MD, PhD Duodenal Compression Syndrome)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Professor Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop
The Upper Limb Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics Obstructions
Duke University Medical Center
Mary T. Caserta, MD Durham, North Carolina Michael J. Chusid, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Chief, Pediatric Infectious Diseases
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Russell W. Chesney, MD Medical College of Wisconsin
Dentistry Le Bonheur Professor and Former Chair Medical Director, Infectious Diseases
Rochester, New York Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7) University of Tennessee Health Science Center Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Human Herpesvirus 8 Children’s Foundation Research Institute Infection Prevention and Control
Memphis, Tennessee Other Anaerobic Infections
Denise Casey, MD Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis
Medical Officer Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation Col. Theodore J. Cieslak, MD, FAAP,
Pediatric Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Rare Primary Chondrodystrophy (Metaphyseal Dysplasia) FIDSA
Tumors Team Hypophosphatasia Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Office of Hematology and Oncology Products Hyperphosphatasia San Antonio Military Medical Center
Food and Drug Administration Osteoporosis Department of Pediatrics
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Silver Spring, Maryland Jennifer A. Chiriboga, PhD Biologic and Chemical Terrorism
Hereditary Spherocytosis Pediatric and School Psychologist
Assistant Professor Jeff A. Clark, MD
Ellen Gould Chadwick, MD Department of Counseling, Psychology, and Associate Professor
Irene Heinz Given and John LaPorte Given Chair Special Education Department of Pediatrics
in Pediatrics Duquesne University School of Psychology Wayne State University School of Medicine
Professor and Associate Chair for Education Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pediatric ICU Fellowship Director
Department of Pediatrics Anxiety Disorders Children’s Hospital of Michigan
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Detroit, Michigan
Medicine Yvonne E. Chiu, MD Respiratory Distress and Failure
Associate Director, Section of Pediatric, Assistant Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics Respiratory Pathophysiology and Regulation
Adolescent, and Maternal HIV Infection Medical College of Wisconsin
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Milwaukee, Wisconsin Thomas G. Cleary, MD
Chicago Morphology of the Skin Professor of Pediatrics (Retired)
Chicago, Illinois Evaluation of the Patient University of Texas Health Sciences Center
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Human Eczematous Disorders Houston, Texas
Immunodeficiency Virus) Photosensitivity Shigella
Diseases of the Epidermis Escherichia coli
Lisa J. Chamberlain, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics John David Clemens, MD
Stanford University School of Medicine Director
Center for Health Policy International Vaccine Institute
Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research Seoul, South Korea
Stanford, California International Immunization Practices
Chronic Illness in Childhood