NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20150006869: Solid-State Ultracapacitor for Improved Energy Storage

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by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Power Generation and Storage
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Solid-State Ultracapacitor for BENEFITS i
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Ü Improved safety and
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Improved Energy Storage robustness:
― The solid-state design
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Novel, solid-state, dielectric materials design greatly eliminates liquid/gel
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electrolytes that can
enhances capacitor performance.
explode in extreme
s
thermal conditions.
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a
― The nonpolar design

solid-state ultracapacitor using a novel nanocomposite, leads to lower failure
y
rates and easier
dielectric material. The material’s design is based on the
implementation.
internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) concept, and it uses g
Ü Tunable properties for
novel dielectric and metallic conductive ink formulations.
exceptional performance:
o
Novel processing methods developed by NASA provide for ― The dielectric voltage
breakdown strength is
unique dielectric properties at the grain level. Nanoscale l
>250 V at thicknesses
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raw material powders are tailored using a variety of <30 microns.
techniques and then formulated into a special ink. This ― The energy storage
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dielectric ink is used with novel metallic conductive density targets 60 J/cc,
with tailorable packaging
ink to print a capacitor layer structure into any design h
to meet board layout
necessary to meet a range of technical requirements. or circuit design
parameters. c
The innovation is intended to replace current range safety
Ü Standard materials and
batteries that NASA uses to power the systems that destroy e
processing methods for
off-course space vehicles. A solid-state design provides the lower-cost manufacturing
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needed robustness and safety for this demanding application.
www.nasa.gov
NASA Technology Transfer Program
Bringing NASA Technology Down to Earth
THE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
The NASA solid-state ultracapacitor technology is based on the novel materials design The technology offers wide-ranging
and processes used to make the IBLC-type ultracapacitor. The IBLC concept is known market applications, including:
to provide outstanding capacitance behavior but has been difficult to reproduce.
NASA has developed a careful process to produce dielectric ink materials to be used
Aerospace – Space power and
in printed electronic applications with reproducibility. An individual cell is created by
propulsion systems
building electrodes on each side of the dielectric layer, and complete modules can be
constructed by stacking multiple cells.
Transportation
Closely related NASA innovations on dielectric and conductive ink (electrode) • Regenerative braking systems for
formulations are key to the ultracapacitor construct, and are included in the technology cars, trucks, buses, and trains
package. • Batteries for hybrid and electric cars,
as well as fuel cell–powered vehicles
Target performance criteria of this technology include the following:
Energy – Smart grid and renewable
- Use of standard materials and processing methods
energy
- Robust solid-state device with no liquid electrolytes
- High-energy density—target energy densities of 60 J/cc at a minimum operating Defense—Backup power supplies, laser
voltage of 50 V weapons, and railguns
- High dielectric breakdown strength (>250 V)
Health—Medical devices
- Excellent pulse-power performance; rapid discharge and charge
- Reliable performance under repeated cycling (>500,000 cycles)
Additional development work is underway to build and test complete capacitor
modules and to further improve material properties and performance.

A Electrodes

Ceramic

Dielectric
B

C

FIGURE – Methods to produce a single-layer capacitor prototype (A) are being
refined to produce multilayer capacitors (B). Multilayer capacitor cells can be
packaged (C) to improve capacitor energy storage.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Technology Transfer Program
pursues the widest possible applications
Sammy A. Nabors
of agency technology to benefit US
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citizens. Through partnerships and
o Marshall Space Flight Center
i licensing agreements with industry,
at Huntsville, AL 35812 the program ensures that NASA’s
m 256.544.5226 investments in pioneering research find
or [email protected] secondary uses that benefit the economy,
nf http://technology.nasa.gov/ create jobs, and improve quality of life.
I
e MFS-33115, MFS-33221, MFS-33223
www.nasa.gov
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M NP-2015-01-1306-HQ