Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation Edited by Mu. Naushad Department Of Chemistry, College Of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia R. Saravanan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapaca, Arica, Chile Kumar Raju Energy Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000 AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA 02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierInc. Allrights reserved. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Acatalog recordforthisbookisavailablefrom theLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data Acatalogue recordforthisbookis availablefromtheBritish Library ISBN:978-0-12-819355-6 Forinformation onallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:DeansMatthew Acquisitions Editor:SimonHolt EditorialProjectManager: GabrielaD. Capille ProductionProjectManager: AnithaSivaraj CoverDesigner: ChristianJ.Bilbow TypesetbyTNQTechnologies List of Contributors S. Balakumar National Centre for Nanosceicne and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India A. Bhardwaj School of Physical Sciences (SPS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Delhi, India L.A. Blanco Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Rabah Boukherroub University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University of Valenciennes, Lille, France Milica Budimir University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University of Valenciennes, Lille, France; Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia D. Durgalakshmi Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Duncan Paul Fagg Nanoengineering Research Group, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal G. Feijoo Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain L. Fernández Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain M. Gamallo Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain F. Gracia LaboratoryofCatalysisandEnergy,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile C. Gupta Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India xii List of Contributors Arindam Indra Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Kumaran Kannaiyan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar Sekar Karthikeyan Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Vignesh Kumaravel Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland Aruna Kalasapurayil Kunhiraman Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Adam F. Lee School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Zoran Markovic Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Prashanth W. Menezes Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany M.T. Moreira Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Muthuchamy Nallal Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea A. Joseph Nathanael Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea Mu. Naushad Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Kang Hyun Park Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Gyeongsangnam, Republic of Korea Jayaraj Prithi Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, IITM Research Park, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India List of Contributors xiii D. Pukazhselvan Nanoengineering Research Group, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal N. Rajalakshmi Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, IITM Research Park, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Saravanan Rajendran Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapaca, Arica, Chile K.S. Sandhya Department of Applied Science, Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Keiko Sasaki Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Ananthakumar Soosaimanickam Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Sabine Szunerits University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University of Valenciennes, Lille, France Raman Vedarajan Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, IITM Research Park, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Authors Biographies D. Durgalakshmi completed her PhD in material science at National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras in 2015. She has published morethan30researcharticlesininternationaljournalsandfivebookchapters.Shealso presented more than 60 papers in national and international conferences and got five best paperawards. She also gotthe bestPhD thesis awardby Material Research Society of India during the year 2016. She is presently working as DST-INSPIRE faculty in Department of Medical Physics. Her area of interest is synthesis of nanostructured materials for healthcare, energy, and environmental applications. S.BalakumarcompletedhisPhDinmaterialscienceatAnnaUniversityin1995,andhe did his postdoctorate at the University of Hong Kong and National University of Singapore. Later, he worked as senior research engineer for Chartered Semiconductor Pvt. Ltd at Singapore for 4years and then moved to A-Star Institute of Micro/ Nanoelectronics and worked on various projects including SiGe substrate technology, nanotransistor process developments, CMP, and wet clean process development for IC as well as for MEMS device fabrication. In 2008, he returned to India and is working in National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology as associate professor and later appointed as Director of the center. His present research efforts concentrate on metal oxide semiconductors; multiferroics; magnetic quantum dots for health, energy, and environmental applications. Saravanan Rajendran has received his PhD in physics-material science in 2013 from theDepartmentofNuclearPhysics,UniversityofMadras,Chennai,India.Afterworking as an Assistant Professor in Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, India, during the year of 2013e14, he was awarded SERC and CONICYT-FONDECYT post- doctoral fellowship, University of Chile, Santiago, in the year of 2014e17. He has worked (2017e18) in the research group of Professor John Irvine, School of Chemistry, UniversityofStAndrews,UK,asapostdoctoralresearchfellowwithintheframeworkof EPSRC-GlobalChallengesResearchFund for the removalofblue-green algae and their toxins. Currently, he is working as a research associate, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapaca´, Arica, Chile, and also as a postdoctoral research fellow in SERC, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. He is xv xvi Authors Biographies associate editor for International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (Springer). His researchinterestsare focused in the areas ofnanostructuredfunctional materials, photophysics, surface chemistry, and nanocatalysts for renewable energy and wastewater purification. He has published 50þ international peer-reviewed jour- nals, eight book chapters, and six books published by renowned international publishers. Prof. Mu. Naushad is presently working in the Department of Chemistry, College of Science,KingSaudUniversity(KSU),Riyadh,KingdomofSaudiArabia.Heobtainedhis MScandPhDdegreesin analyticalchemistryfrom AligarhMuslim University, Aligarh, India, in 2002 and 2007, respectively. He has a vast research experience in the fields of analyticalchemistry,materialschemistry,andenvironmentalscience.Heholdsseveral US patents, over 300 publications in the international Journals of repute, twenty book chapters and several books published by renowned international publishers. He has >11000 citations with a Google Scholar H-Index of >61. He is the editor/editorial member of several reputed journals like Scientific Reports (Nature); Process Safety and Environmental Protection (Elsevier); Journal of Water Process Engineering (Elsevier), and International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI). He is also the associate editor for Environmental Chemistry Letters (Springer) and Desalination and Water Treatment (Taylor & Francis). He has been awarded the ScientistoftheYearaward-2015fromNationalEnvironmentalScienceAcademy,Delhi, India; Almarai Award-2017, Saudi Arabia, and Research Quality Award-2019, KSU, Saudi Arabia. Prof. Naushad has been included in the list of Highly Cited Researchers- 2019. Ananthakumar Soosaimanickam received his master’s degree in chemistry from the UniversityofMadras,LoyolaCollege,Chennai,India,in2006,andhisPhDin2016under the guidance of Dr. S. Moorthy Babu at Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai,India.Hehasauthoredmorethan20publicationsininternationaljournals.He iscurrentlyworking asapostdoctoralresearch fellow at Institute ofMaterials (ICMUV), University ofValencia, Spain. His research interests include synthesis ofsemiconductor nanoparticles, heteronanostructures by colloidal method, surface treatment of semi- conductor nanoparticles, etc. Luz Adriana Blanco obtained her BS degree and MS degree in chemical engineering at UniversidadNacionaldeColombia,Colombia.SheiscurrentlypursuingherPhDdegree in chemical engineering and biotechnology under the direction of Prof. Gracia at the Universidad de Chile. Her doctoral research investigates the use of functionalized gra- phene oxide materials as support and template for Ni supported catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation. Authors Biographies xvii Francisco Gracia received a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Notre Dame, USA. He is currently an associate professor at the Chemical Engineering, BiotechnologyandMaterialsDepartment,UniversidaddeChile,andDeputyDirectorat theMultifunctionalMaterialsMillenniumNucleus(MultiMat).Hisresearchinterestsare related to heterogeneous catalysis, nanostructured functional materials, gasesolid interphase reactivity with emphasis on CO activation and utilization, H generation, 2 2 photocatalysis, and energy-related applications. He is a coauthor of 55þ research pub- licationsandabookchapter,andeditedbooksinsubjectsrelatedtonanotechnologyand photo- and environmental catalysis. Arindam Indra received his PhD in 2011 from IIT Bombay (India) in solid supported catalysis. After completing postdoctoral research from Technische Universita¨t Berlin (Germany), he joined in BasCat (Berlin, Germany) and worked in the field of solid supported metalemetal oxide systems for the hydrocarbon oxidation. He then joined Hanyang University (Korea) as assistant research professor and developed self- supported catalysts for the electrochemical water splitting. Currently, he is working as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, IIT BHU (India). His main research interests are bioinspired water splitting, artificial photosynthesis and metal organic framework (MOF), derived functional materials for the energy conversion and storage. Prashanth W. Menezes received his PhD in 2009 from the Max Planck Institute for ChemicalPhysicsofSolids(MPI-CPfS,Germany)insolidstateandstructuralchemistry. SoonafterhisPhD,hejoinedtheTechnischeUniversita¨tMu¨nchenin2010toworkinthe directionofinorganicchemistrywithfocusonnovelmaterials.Since2012,heisworking as a group head for inorganic materials at the Technische Universita¨t Berlin. His main research interests include the design, development, and application of novel functional materials for heterogeneous catalysis, especially on the redox oxygen catalysis, photo- and electrocatalytic water splitting as well as electrochemical reduction reactions. He is also actively involved in uncovering the active surface structure of the catalyst using advanced in situ spectroscopy for relevant catalytic reactions. Dr. D. Pukazhselvan is auxiliary researcher in the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Nanoengineering Research Group), University of Aveiro, Portugal. He was graduated in physics from Scott Christian College, India, and completed PhD (2011) in thefieldofhydrogenenergyfromtheDepartmentofPhysics,BanarasHinduUniversity, India. His current research interests are high capacity hydrogen storage and recharge- able batteries. Pukazh authored over 40 international publications and presented his works in over 40 national/international conferences. xviii Authors Biographies Dr.Sandhya.K.S.iscurrentlyassistantprofessor(FDP)intheDepartmentofChemistry, Karyavattom Government College, Kerala, India. She was graduated in chemistry from Mar Ivanios College, Kerala, and completed PhD (2014) in the field of computational chemistry. She models effective catalysts for triggering the release of hydrogen from water/alcoholsandalsoexploresthemechanismofhydrogenstoragesystems.Shewasa postdoctoralresearcherforabiennium(2014e16)intheDepartmentofComplexSystem Studies, Nagoya University, Japan. Sandhya authored 16 international articles and attended more than 15 conferences. Dr. Duncan Fagg is currently a principal investigator of the Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA) in the University of Aveiro, Portugal. He has over 20years of research experience with previous placements in CICECO Aveiro, Portugal; Institute of Ceramics and Glass (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras Greece, School of Chemistry, St Andrews University, Scotland; and RisøDTUNationalLaboratoryforSustainableEnergy,RoskildeDenmark.Atpresent,he is the leader of a team of six postdocs and four PhD students. The focus of work is the conversion of intermittent renewable energies into chemical products, such as hydrogen or synthetic hydrocarbons, their storage, and their later reconversion to electricity in fuel cells. Work encompasses the design of devices and materials for batteries, solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), hydrogen separation membranes, and hydrogen storage. Due to his expertise in energy and hydrogen-related topics, he regularly participates as an evaluator and rapporteur for international programs, JTI Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie program, H2020-MSCA, Spanish “La Caixa” fellowships, etc. He has published five book chapters and over 100 publications in international peer-review journals with a current H-factor of 26. Webpage http://sweet.ua.pt/duncan/ Raman Vedarajanreceived his doctoral degree from AnnaUniversity,India, in the year 2006.HewasnominatedasaresearchexchangescholarundertheJapaneseGovernment Scholarship and carried out his research at Osaka University from the year 2004. After completion of his PhD, he started his postdoctoral fellowship at National Institute for MaterialScience(NIMS),Tsukuba,Japan,andNagoyaUniversityin2006e10.Intheyear 2010, he joined the Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT), International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), India. Later, from 2012, he joined as an assistant professor at Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology in School of Materials Science. His area of research mainly focuses on applied electrochemistry. In 2017, he rejoined as a scientist at the CFCT, ARCI, India.