Mussolini's Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance PDF
Preview Mussolini's Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance
MUSSOLINI'S ENEMIES THE ITALIAN ANTI-FASCIST RESISTANCE MUSSOLINI'S ENEMIES The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance BY CHARLES F. DELZELL HOWARD FERTIG NEW YORK 1974 Copyright © 1961 by Princeton University Press Howard Fertig, Inc. Edition 1974 Published by arrangement with Princeton University Press All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Delzell, Charles F. Mussolini’s enemies. Reprint of the ed. published by Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.; with new pref. Bibliography: p. 1. Italy—Politics and government—1922-1945. 2. Fascism—Italy. 3. World War, 1939-1945— Underground movements—Italy. I. Title. DG571.7.D44 1974 940.53*45 70-144129 Printed in the United States of America To Gena PREFACE TO THE 1974 EDITION Thirteen years have passed since the original edition of Musso lini*s Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance was published in 1961 by the Princeton University Press. The reviews it received were quite favorable, and the book was accorded both the George Louis Beer Prize of the American Historical Association and the Borden Award of the Hoover Institution and Library of Stanford University. Several critics considered the book the most objective study of the twenty-year struggle against Mussolini’s dictatorship. In 1966 Giulio Einaudi editore of Turin brought out an Italian translation, I nemici di Mussolini, which included corrections and an updated bibliography. Both the original American edition and the Italian version have been sold out for some time. I am there fore especially pleased that Howard Fertig, Inc., has seen fit to include my book in its series of hardcover reprints of important scholarly works. Some of the inaccuracies that slipped into the original edition have been corrected in an appended list of cor rections. In the years since Mussolini's Enemies was first published, con siderable additional research has been done on the Italian anti- Fascist opposition currents of the 1920’s and ’30’s and the cul minating Armed Resistance of September 8, 1943-April 25, 1945. I shall survey some of this new literature in a forthcoming article commissioned by The Journal of Modem History to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Italian Liberation. The most important co-ordinating center of research on Fascist Italy and the Resistance continues to be the Istituto Nazionale per la Storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia, which was founded by Ferruccio Pani at Piazza Duomo 14, 20122 Milano. Its review, Il Movimento di Liberazione in Italia: Rassegna di storia contemporanea, now edited by Massimo Legnani with the help of others, is an invaluable source of scholarly information. There arc numerous other affiliated institutes in the major Italian vii PREFACE TO THE 1974 EDITION cities. A growing number of Italian scholarly journals are focusing attention on contemporary history, and Italian universities at long last are offering courses and promoting research in this period. The Comité Internationale d’Histoire de la 2me Guerre Mon diale, which is headed by Henri Michel at 32 rue de Leningrad, Paris VIII, encourages research on an international scale and lists much of this in its Revue (Thistoire de la deuxième guerre mon diale and other publications. Mention should also be made of the Institut Universitaire d’Etudes Européennes, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 83,10128 Torino, Under the initiative of Gustavo Malan, it has recently organized a Comitato Intemazionale per la Documentazione sulla Resistenza Europea nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale. This committee is en deavoring to catalogue archival holdings in the United States that pertain to the Italian and other European Resistance move ments. In the years since Mussolini*s Enemies appeared in 1961, several important books have been published which offer further clari fication of various aspects of Italian anti-Fascism and the Resis tance. Among Italian authors whose recent studies come quickly to mind are Alberto Aquarone, Gianfranco Bianchi, Giorgio Bocca, Renzo De Felice, G. E. Fantelli, Carlo Francovich, Giam paolo Pansa, Claudio Pavone, Guido Quazza, Ernesto Ragionieri, Giorgio Rochat, Enzo Santarelli, Pietro Secchia, Paolo Spriano, Leo Valiani, Roberto Vivarelli, and Ruggero Zangrandi. In Great Britain contributions have been made by F. L. Carsten, F. W. Deakin, Adrian Lyttelton, Christopher Seton-Watson, Elizabeth J. Wiskeman, Stuart J. Woolf, and others. In the United States research by Alan Cassels, John P. Diggins, Robert Katz, Michael A. Ledeen, Frank Rosengarten, R. Harris Smith, Howard McGaw Smyth, Edward R. Tanncnbaum, and Peter Tompkins, as well as the official U.S. Army study by Harry L. Coles and Albert K. Weinberg of Allied Military Government in Italy and elsewhere should be examined. I am happy to report that the findings of these specialists do not appear, in my estimation, to have invali dated either the basic conclusions or the approach of my own pioneering study. For this reason, too, I am pleased to have Mussolinis Enemies in print once more. I hope that iny research viii PREFACE TO THE 1974 EDITION will continue to provide helpful, objective orientation to readers who seek a clearer understanding of this seedbed of contemporary Italian history. CHARLES F. DELZELL Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee April 25, 1974 IX
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