Multilingualism: Understanding Linguistic Diversity PDF
Preview Multilingualism: Understanding Linguistic Diversity
Multilingualism Also available from Continuum Children’s Language and Multilingualism, Edited by Jane Simpson and Gillian Wigglesworth Multilingualism: A Critical Perspective, Adrian Blackledge and Angela Creese Multilingualism, Citizenship and Identity, Julie Byrd Clark Other Books by John Edwards: Challenges in the Social Life of Language The Irish Language Language and Disadvantage Language and Identity Language Diversity in the Classroom Language in Canada Language, Society and Identity Linguistic Minorities, Policies and Pluralism Minority Languages and Group Identity Multilingualism The Social Psychology of Reading Un mundo de lenguas Multilingualism Understanding Linguistic Diversity JOhn EdwArds Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London New York SE1 7NX NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © John Edwards 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. John Edwards has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. e-ISBN: 978-1-4411-9613-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India For Mike and Marnie, with love and appreciation COnTEnTs Prologue x 1 The Diversity of Languages 1 The First Language 1 Comparing Languages 3 Languages and Language Families 6 2 Interpreting Language Diversity 11 Dead or Alive 11 The Problem of Names 19 3 Multilingual Abilities 25 Multilingualism in the World 25 Individual Attitudes and Abilities 29 Language as a Verb and Other Infelicities 33 4 The Emergence and Measurement of Multilingualism 39 The Rise of Multilingualism 39 Assessing Multilingualism 41 viii COnTEnTs 5 The Consequences of Babel: Lingua Francas 47 The Lingua Franca 47 Languages of Wider Communication 48 Pidgins and Creoles 50 Constructed Languages 52 6 The Consequences of Babel: Translation 57 Translation, Ownership and Secrecy 57 Voice Appropriation 59 Translation in Practice 61 7 Keeping Languages Pure 65 Purism and Prescriptivism 65 Academies 69 Dictionaries 72 8 Languages and Identities in Transition 77 Languages in Contact 77 Language Decline and Maintenance 80 Future Directions 85 9 Endangered Languages and the Will to Survive 89 What is Language Revival? 89 Maintaining Domains of Necessity 92 Willingness 94 COnTEnTs ix 10 Linguistic Intervention and the ‘New’ Ecology of Language 101 Scholarship and the Social Life of Language 101 The ‘New’ Ecology of Language 105 Epilogue 113 Notes and References 117 Index 129
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