This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2008, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected] ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2926-8 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com This book is dedicated to MMMMMyyyyy PPPPPaaaaarrrrreeeeennnnntttttsssss,,,,, LLLLLaaaaattttteeeee SSSSShhhhhrrrrriiiii GGGGG..... CCCCC..... NNNNNaaaaaiiiiiddddduuuuu aaaaannnnnddddd SSSSSmmmmmttttt..... GGGGG..... LLLLLaaaaallllliiiiittttthhhhhaaaaa For their untiring efforts and hardwork in bringing me up to what all I am today. Prof. Dr. G. Vidya Sagar This page intentionally left blank S N I P P E T S Very useful book for students preparing for GATE & USMLE. Recommended reading. Dr. Sanjay Pai Al-Ameen college of Pharmacy Bangalore. I found the book absorbing, questions are well framed. Dr. Gabhe C.U Shah College of Pharmacy, Mumbai. Good Reference for PG medical entrance. Recommended reading. Dr. Kaushik Shah M.S.(Gen. Surgery) Rana Hospital, Mandvi This book will be of good use for students appearing for Competitive exams. Presentation of the matter is good. Prof. Y. Madhusudhan Rao Univ. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kakatiya University, Warangal. FOREWORD Medical & Pharmacy are fast growing professions with a wide range of opportunities open to the students after a basic degree. These professions play a vital role in health care management. This book will be of immense value for students to develop themselves as the meritorious & motivated candidates for admission to post graduate courses like M.D., M.S. & M.Pharm. I compliment the author for his pains-taking efforts in mobilizing a very large number of good MCQs from a vast subject like Pharmacology. Adequate coverage of all topics is done. I feel that this book will be a very useful companion for professional PG entrance examinations. I strongly recom- mend this book to college library collection PROF. DR. KANTIBHAI GOR Vice Chancellor K. S. K. V. Kachchh University Bhuj - Kutch. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge the help rendered by the following well wishers during the preparation of the manuscript. (cid:127) Dr. Ananta Naik Nagappa Professor, Pharmacy practice, Manipal College of Pharm. Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka. (cid:127) Dr. K. R. Mahadik Principal, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University’s College of Pharmacy, Pune. (cid:127) Prof. Vijay Raghunath Patil Principal, Tapi Valley Education Society’s College of Pharmacy Faizpur, Maharashtra. (cid:127) Dr. Havigiray R. Chitme Professor of Pharmacology, Oman medical College, Oman (cid:127) Dr. Chandrakant S. Magdum Vice Principal, Shri Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra. (cid:127) Dr. B. P. Nagori Director, Lachchoo Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur. My sincere thanks are due to Mr. Ojas M. Suroo, Lecturer, Computer Science of my institute for his meticulous typing the manuscript and the final format of the book. Finally, I would like to place on record the generous help rendered by New age International (P) Limited, Publishers in bringing out this book. Prof. Dr. G.Vidya Sagar.