Table Of Content

Mass Media and American Politics Eleventh Edition To Tom, Susan, Lee, Jim, and Jack—my very special students. —D. A. G. To the memory of Doris A. Graber - scholar, pioneer, exemplar and mentor – Professor Graber will continue to shape the field of media and politics for many years to come. —J. L. D. Mass Media and American Politics Eleventh Edition Johanna L. Dunaway Texas A&M University Doris A. Graber University of Illinois at Chicago FOR INFORMATION: Copyright © 2023 by CQ Press, an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional Quarterly Inc. SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road All rights reserved. Except as permitted by U.S. Thousand Oaks, California 91320 copyright law, no part of this work may be reproduced E-mail: [email protected] or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without permission in SAGE Publications Ltd. writing from the publisher. 1 Oliver’s Yard All third-party trademarks referenced or depicted herein 55 City Road are included solely for the purpose of illustration and are London EC1Y 1SP the property of their respective owners. Reference to United Kingdom these trademarks in no way indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, the trademark owner. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Printed in the United States of America Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data India Names: Graber, Doris A. (Doris Appel), 1923- author. | SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Dunaway, Johanna, author. 18 Cross Street #10-10/11/12 China Square Central Title: Mass media and American politics / Doris A. Graber, University of Illinois at Chicago, Johanna L. Singapore 048423 Dunaway, Texas A&M University. Description: Eleventh edition. | London ; Washington, DC : Sage/CQ Press, [2023] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021043506 | ISBN 9781544390932 (paperback) | ISBN 9781544391007 (epub) | ISBN 9781544391014 (epub) | ISBN 9781544390994 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Mass media—Social aspects—United States. | Mass media—Political aspects—United States. Classification: LCC HN90.M3 G7 2023 | DDC 302.23—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021043506 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Acquisitions Editor: Anna Villarruel Product Associate: Tiara Beatty Production Editor: Megha Negi Copy Editor: Erin Livingston Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Cover Designer: Scott Van Atta Marketing Manager: Erica DeLuca 22 23 24 25 26 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Table of Contents Tables, Figures, and Boxes xiii Acknowledgments xix Preface xxi About the Authors xxvii PART 1 MEDIA PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE 1 Chapter 1 Media Power and Government Control 3 Chapter 2 Ownership, Regulation, and Guidance of Media 37 Chapter 3 News Making and Reporting Routines 79 Chapter 4 News and Politics in the Changing Media Landscape 119 PART 2 WHO AND WHAT MAKES THE NEWS? 159 Chapter 5 News From the Presidency 161 Chapter 6 Media Coverage of Congress and the Courts 205 Chapter 7 State and Local News 245 Chapter 8 Foreign Affairs Coverage 291 Chapter 9 Diversity, Inclusion, and Equality in Media and Politics 339 PART 3 MEDIA EFFECTS 393 Chapter 10 Political Socialization and Learning 395 Chapter 11 Persuasion, Campaigns, and Advertising 443 Chapter 12 Incivility, Negativity, and Bias in the Media 509 Chapter 13 Media Effects: Then and Now 553 PART 4 CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 603 Chapter 14 Current Trends and Future Directions 605 Index 659 Detailed Table of Contents Tables, Figures, and Boxes xiii Acknowledgments xix Preface xxi About the Authors xxvii PART 1 MEDIA PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE 1 Chapter 1 Media Power and Government Control 3 Political Importance of Mass Media 5 Functions of Mass Media 10 Who Should Control News Making? 19 Models of News Making 23 Summary 29 Discussion Questions 30 Readings 30 Chapter 2 Ownership, Regulation, and Guidance of Media 37 Control and Ownership: Public and Semipublic 38 Patterns of Private Ownership 43 The Costs and Benefits of Big Business Control 48 The Regulation/Deregulation Debate 64 Other Media Controls 66 Summary 69 Discussion Questions 70 Readings 71 Chapter 3 News Making and Reporting Routines 79 Profile Sketch of U.S. Journalists 81 Gatekeeping 83 Effects of Gatekeeping 97 Appraising News Making 103 Summary 109 Discussion Questions 110 Readings 111 Chapter 4 News and Politics in the Changing Media Landscape 119 The Expansion of Media Choice and the Market for News 120 Platform Multiplication and Changing News Habits 124 Changes to Political Journalism 137 Assessing the Impact of Citizen Journalism and User Content 142 Digital Democracy: Myth or Reality? 144 Summary 147 Discussion Questions 149 Readings 149 PART 2 WHO AND WHAT MAKES THE NEWS? 159 Chapter 5 News From the Presidency 161 The Adversarial Relationship 163 The Media and the Executive Branch 166 Summary 195 Discussion Questions 196 Readings 196 Chapter 6 Media Coverage of Congress and the Courts 205 The Media and Congress 206 Writing Stories About Congress 216 The Media and the Courts 222 Writing Stories About Court Decisions 226 Summary 235 Discussion Questions 236 Readings 236 Chapter 7 State and Local News 245 The Changing Landscape for Local and State News 248 Press–Government Relations 259 Subnational News Content 262 Is the Media Environment Nationalizing? 267 The Quality of Subnational News 272 Subnational Election Coverage 275 Summary 278 Discussion Questions 279 Readings 279 Chapter 8 Foreign Affairs Coverage 291 The Foreign News Niche 293 Making Foreign News 295 International Conflict in the Modern Age 317 Summary 327 Discussion Questions 329 Readings 329