Marmot Biology: Sociality, Individual Fitness, and Population Dynamics PDF
Preview Marmot Biology: Sociality, Individual Fitness, and Population Dynamics
Marmot Biology Sociality,IndividualFitness,andPopulationDynamics Focusing on the physiological and behavioral factors that enable a species to live in a harsh seasonal environment, this book places the social biology of marmots in an environmental context. It draws on the results of a 40-year empirical study of the population biology of the yellow-bellied marmot near the Rocky Mountain Biological LaboratoryintheUpperEastRiverValleyinColorado,USA. The text examines life-history features such as body-size, habitat use, environmental physiology,socialdynamics,andkinship.Considerablenewdataanalysesareintegrated withmaterialpublishedovera50-yearperiod,includingextensivenaturalhistoryobser- vations,providinganessentialfoundationforintegratingsocialandpopulationprocesses. Finally, the results of research into the yellow-bellied marmot are related to major eco- logical and evolutionary theories, especially inclusive fitness and population regulation, makingthisavaluableresourceforstudentsandresearchersinanimalbehavior,behavioral ecology,evolutionarybiology,ecology,andconservation.Colorversionsofmanyofthe figuresareavailablefordownloadatwww.cambridge.org/9781107053946. Kenneth B.ArmitageisBaumgartnerDistinguishedProfessorEmeritusofEcologyand Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas. His 40-year research project on the yellow-belliedmarmotintheUpperEastRiverValley,Colorado,isthesecondlongest continuousstudyofamammal.HeisanelectedFellowoftheAnimalBehaviorSociety andtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceandanHonoraryMember of the American Society of Mammalogists for “distinguished service to the science of mammalogy.” Marmot Biology Sociality, Individual Fitness, and Population Dynamics KENNETH B. ARMITAGE UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,USA UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107053946 ©K.B.Armitage2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongresscataloginginPublicationdata Armitage,KennethB.,1925– Marmotbiology:sociality,individualfitnessandpopulation dynamics/KennethB.Armitage. pages cm ISBN978-1-107-05394-6(hardback) 1. Marmots. I. Title. QL737.R68A757 2014 599.36ʹ6–dc23 2013046725 ISBN978-1-107-05394-6Hardback Additionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/9781107053946 CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. TomywifeKatieandallthose(spouse)whocontributedtoourdirectfitness: Karole;Keith(Maria),Emeline,Julia,andSophie;Kevin(Helen)andRita. Contents Introduction page1 Anoverviewofthebook’scontent 2 Acknowledgments 3 PartI Thediversityandevolutionaryhistoryofmarmots 5 1 Marmotsinhumanculture:fromfolkloretoresearch 7 Marmotsandmythology 9 Culturaluseofmarmots 11 Groundhogday 15 Marmotsandresearch 17 2 Marmots:theirhistoryanddiversity 25 Evolutionofmarmots 28 Marmotphylogeny 32 Bodysize 33 Furcolordiversity 36 3 Marmothabitats 42 Distributionpatterns 42 Habitatuse 43 Environmentalharshness 51 Summary 56 4 Useofresources 57 Burrows 57 Foragingandfoodchoice 65 Foodselectivity 67 Foodchoice:seasonalpatterns 71 Foodchoiceandplantsecondarycompounds 72 Foodchoiceandnutrition 72 Foodchoiceandpolyunsaturatedfattyacids(PUFAs) 75 viii Contents Foodchoiceandpatchuse 76 Foragingandmodificationofplantcommunities 77 Foragingandtimebudgets 79 Homerange 80 Homerangevariationinyellow-belliedmarmots 81 Resourcecompetition 83 Summary 83 5 Evolutionofsociality 84 Copingwithwinter 84 Ageofmaturity 85 Socialsystems 86 Socialsystemsversusmatingsystems 94 Summary 96 6 Body-massvariation 97 Bodymass 97 Ratesofmassgain 97 Body-massvariationamongspecies 101 Bodymassandsurvivalofyoung 103 7 Hibernationenergeticsandthecircannualrhythm 105 Hibernation 105 Thecircannualrhythm 107 Hibernation:energysavings 110 Mechanismsofenergyconservation 113 Energysavings:socialthermoregulation 114 Shrunkendigestivetract 115 Summary 115 PartII Bioticandabioticenvironments 117 8 Theenvironmentoftheyellow-belliedmarmot 119 Researchsites 119 Effectsofweather 125 9 Environmentalphysiology 130 Restingandfieldmetabolicrates 130 Temperatureacclimation 133 Waterbudgets 134 Dailyactivitycycle 135
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