Marine ornamental shrimp : biology, aquaculture and conservation

286 Pages·2008·3.03 MB·English

by  Ricardo Calado

Marine Ornamental Shrimp
Biology, Aquaculture and Conservation

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Marine Ornamental Shrimp
Biology, Aquaculture and Conservation
Ricardo Calado, PhD
CCMAR,UniversityoftheAlgarve,Portugal
CESAM,UniversityofAveiro,Portugal

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Thiseditionfirstpublished2008
©2008RicardoCalado
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Calado,Ricardo.
Marineornamentalshrimp:biology,aquaculture,andconservation/
RicardoCalado.—1sted.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-1-4051-7086-4(hardback:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:1-4051-7086-7(hardback:alk.paper)1.Ornamentalshrimps.2.Marine
aquariumanimals.I.Title.
SF458.O76C352008
639’.68–dc22
2008002541
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Setin10/13ptPalatino
byNewgenImagingSystems(P)Ltd,Chennai,India
PrintedinSingaporebyC.O.S.PrintersPteLtd
1 2008
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TomysonRodrigoandmywifeTânia

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Contents
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Themarineornamentalsindustry 1
1.2 Whatisamarineornamentalshrimp? 3
1.3 Recruitingnewornamentalshrimpspeciesforthemarine
aquariumtrade 5
1.4 New‘best-selling’marineornamentalshrimps 6
2 CollectedandTradedSpecies 9
2.1 Collectingsitesandtechniques 9
2.2 Marineornamentalshrimpfamilies 10

2.2.1 FamilyStenopodidae 10
2.2.2 FamilyAlpheidae 14
2.2.3 FamilyGnathophyllidae 16
2.2.4 FamilyHippolytidae 16
2.2.5 FamilyHymenoceridae 20
2.2.6 FamilyPalaemonidae(subfamilyPontoniinae) 20
2.2.7 FamilyPalaemonidae(subfamilyPalaemoninae) 22
2.2.8 FamilyRhynchocinetidae 22
3 EcologicalAspects 23
3.1 Ornamentalshrimpcoloration 23
3.2 Seaanemone–shrimpassociations 24
3.3 Fishcleanershrimps 25
3.4 Goby–shrimpassociations 31
3.5 Otherremarkableassociations 33
3.6 Hymenoceraandtheirstarfishdiet 34
4 ReproductiveBiologyandMatingBehavior 37
4.1 Stenopodideanshrimps 37
4.2 Carideanshrimps 39
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viii Contents
5 LarvalDevelopmentandMetamorphosis 45
5.1 Larvalstagesandmorphology 45
5.2 Energeticaspectsoflarvalbiology 54
5.3 Metamorphosisandsettlementcues 56
6 BroodstockMaintenanceinCaptivity 59
6.1 Broodstockmaturationsystems 59
6.2 Choosingbroodstockandtriggeringmaturationin
captivity 70
6.3 Broodstocknutrition 72
6.3.1 Lipids 76
6.3.2 Proteins 78
6.3.3 Carbohydrates 79
6.3.4 Vitamins 79
6.3.5 Minerals 81
6.3.6 Carotenoids 81
6.4 Broodstockconditionandlarvalquality 83
6.4.1 Biochemicalcriteria 84
6.4.2 Morphologicalcriteria 85
6.4.3 Behavioralcriteria 86
6.4.4 Productivecriteria 86
6.4.5 Survivalinstresstests 86
7 LarvalCulture 89
7.1 Larvalculturesystems 89
7.2 Cultureproceduresandselectionofhighqualitylarvae 97
7.2.1 Larvalqualityandculturetankmanagement 97
7.2.2 Waterquality 101
7.2.3 Microbiologicalaspects 102
7.2.4 Importanceofwatertemperature,larvaldensity,and
photoperiod 107
7.2.5 Settlementcues 109
7.3 Larvalfeedsandnutrition 112
7.3.1 Microalgae 113
7.3.2 Rotifers 117
7.3.3 Artemia 119
7.3.4 Copepodsandmesocosms 122
7.3.5 Otherdietaryitems 124
7.3.6 Formulatedlarvaldietsanddigestibilityissues 126
8 Grow-out 129
8.1 Grow-outsystemsandcultureprocedures 129
8.2 Grow-outdiets,andnutritionalandenergeticissues 139
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Contents ix
8.3 Wildjuvenileshrimpsraisedincaptivity 143
8.4 Packing,shippingandacclimatizingornamentalshrimps 147
9 OtherMarineOrnamentalDecapodSpecieswith
CulturePotential 153
9.1 Marineornamentalporcelaincrabs 153
9.2 Marineornamentalhermitcrabs 157
9.3 Marineornamentalcrabs 161
9.4 Marineornamentallobsters 171
10 FutureImprovementsinMarineOrnamentalShrimpCulture 175
10.1 Broodstockmanagementandmaturation 175
10.2 Larvalculture 177
10.3 Grow-out 179
10.4 Traceabilityandmarketability 182
11 ConservationIssues 185
12 Conclusions 191
Glossary 195
References 201

Index 257
Colourplatesectionafterpage146
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