Management of Anemia: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians

248 Pages·2018·3.6 MB·English

by  Robert Provenzano

Management
of Anemia
A Comprehensive
Guide for Clinicians
Robert Provenzano
Edgar V. Lerma
Lynda Szczech
Editors
123
Management of Anemia
Robert Provenzano • Edgar V. Lerma
Lynda Szczech
Editors
Management of Anemia
A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians
Editors
Robert Provenzano, MD, FACP, FASN Edgar V. Lerma, MD, FACP, FASN,
Department of Nephrology FPSN (Hon)
St. John Hospital & Medical Center/DaVita Clinical Professor of Medicine
Healthcare Partners Section of Nephrology
Detroit, MI, USA University of Illinois at Chicago College
of Medicine/Advocate Christ Medical
Lynda Szczech, MD, MSCE Center
Durham Nephrology Associates Oak Lawn, IL, USA
Durham, NC, USA
ISBN 978-1-4939-7358-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-7360-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7360-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951716
© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018
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To all my mentors, and friends, at the University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery in Manila, Philippines, and
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago,
IL, who have, in one way or another, influenced and guided me to
become the physician that I am …
To all the medical students, interns, and residents at Advocate
Christ Medical Center whom I have taught or learned from,
especially those who eventually decided to pursue Nephrology
as a career …
To my parents and my brothers, without whose unwavering love
and support through the good and bad times, I would not have
persevered and reached my goals in life …
Most especially, to my two lovely and precious daughters Anastasia
Zofia and Isabella Ann, whose smiles and laughter constantly provide
me unparalleled joy and happiness, and my very loving and
understanding wife Michelle, who has always been supportive of my
endeavors both personally and professionally, and who sacrificed a lot
of time and exhibited unwavering patience as I devoted a significant
amount of time and effort to this project. Truly, they provide me with
motivation and inspiration.
—Edgar V. Lerma
To my parents, my brothers, and my sons
—Robert Provenzano
Preface
The identification of anemia, in its many forms, has been well documented over the
past century. Anemia caused by ‘deficiencies’ of iron, B12, folate, and others once
identified had obvious treatment regimens that for the most part have not changed
over the years. However, anemia of chronic disease (inflammation), genetically
related anemia, and anemia related to chronic end-organ damage (lung, liver, or
post-solid organ transplant) are only now being better understood and managed.
Breakthroughs in recombinant erythropoietin production in the late 1980s were
thought to herald the answer to treatment of anemia of chronic disease but as recent
literature has suggested was not the panacea once thought. Evidence of higher rates
of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular events has tempered the clinicians’ enthusi-
asm for their use and spurred further research into more novel, physiological path-
ways of management.
Our book provides the reader with an up-to-date, detailed analysis of the current
science of anemia from anemia in children to anemia of the elderly and from anemia
of inflammation to anemia of end-organ damage and anemia of obesity.
Understanding that knowledge in this space is ever changing; the editors’ hopes
are that these chapters will serve as a stable launching point for your education and
future interest in this field.
Detroit, MI, USA Robert Provenzano
Oak Lawn, IL, USA Edgar V. Lerma
Durham, NC, USA Lynda Szczech
vii
Contents
1 Disease State: Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Lynda Szczech
2 Iron-Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Anatole Besarab and Stefan Hemmerich
3 Nutritional Anemia in Adults and in Elderly Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Emmanuel Andrès
4 Anemia of Chronic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Anatole Besarab and Stefan Hemmerich
5 Current and Novel Drugs for Management of Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Jagannath H. Saikumar and Csaba P. Kovesdy
6 Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Mina El-Kateb and Robert Provenzano
7 Anemia in Liver Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Yuval A. Patel, Matthew R. Kappus, and Andrew J. Muir
8 Anemia in the Patient with Chronic Lung Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Tim J. McMahon and Ann C. Prybylowski
9 Anemia in Malignancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Daniel Lebovic
10 The Complex Relationships Between Iron Regulation,
Obesity, and Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Stephen Z. Fadem
11 Post-Transplant Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Venkat Ramanathan and Sreedhar Mandayam
12 Special Populations with Anemia: Anemia
in the Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Ram Kalpatthi, Meredith A. Atkinson, and Bradley A. Warady
ix
x Contents
13 Management of Sickle Cell Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Jason Mouabbi and Zyad Kafri
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Contributors
Emmanuel Andrès, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and
Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Clinique Medicale B, Chru
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
Meredith  A.  Atkinson, M.D., M.H.S. Division of Pediatric Nephrology,
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD, USA
Anatole  Besarab, B.S.Ch.E., M.D. Department of Nephrology, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA
Mina  El-Kateb, B.Sc., M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Nephrology, St. John Hospital and Medical Center/DaVita Healthcare Partners,
Detroit, MI, USA
Stephen Z. Fadem, M.D., F.A.S.N. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Zyad Kafri, M.D. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Ascension Health-St.
John Hospital and Medical Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI, USA
Ram Kalpatthi, M.D. Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s
Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
Matthew  R.  Kappus, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of
Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Csaba P. Kovesdy, M.D. Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Daniel Lebovic, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology-Oncology,
St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI, USA
Sreedhar Mandayam, M.D., M.P.H. Department of Nephrology, Michael E.
Debakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Medicine-Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
xi
xii Contributors
Tim J. McMahon, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Medicine, Duke University and
Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, USA
Jason  Mouabbi, M.D. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Ascension
Health-St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI, USA
Andrew J. Muir, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Yuval A. Patel, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Robert  Provenzano, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.S.N. Department of Nephrology,
St. John Hospital & Medical Center/DaVita Healthcare Partners, Detroit, MI, USA
Ann C. Prybylowski, B.S. Duke University and University of Pennsylvania
Medical Centers, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Venkat  Ramanathan, M.D., F.A.S.N. Department of Nephrology, Michael
E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Medicine-Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Jagannath H. Saikumar, M.D. Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee
Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Lynda Szczech Durham Nephrology Associates, Durham, NC, USA
Bradley A. Warady, M.D. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Mercy
Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA