Making a Living: Family, Income and Labour

366 Pages·2011·5.609 MB·English

by  E. Vanhaute, I. Devos, T. Lambrecht (eds.)

Rural Economy and Society in North-western Europe, 500–2000
Making a Living: Family, Labour and Income
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Rural Economy and Society in North-western Europe, 500–2000
Series editorial board:
Erik Thoen (Director)
(Ghent University)
Eric Vanhaute
(Ghent University)
Leen Van Molle
(University of Leuven)
Yves Segers
(University of Leuven)
Bas van Bavel
(Utrecht University)
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Rural Economy and Society in North-western Europe, 500–2000
Making a Living:
Family, Labour and Income
Edited by
Eric Vanhaute, Isabelle Devos
and Thijs Lambrecht
in association with
Gérard Béaur, Georg Fertig, Carl-Johan Gadd,
Erwin Karel, Michael Limberger, Richard Paping
and Phillipp Schofield
H
F
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Cover illustrations
Top illustration: Jules Breton, Le Rappel des Glaneuses, 1859 (Musée d’Orsay, Paris).
Bottom illustration: Labourers working with spades. Illustration in the ‘Veil rentier’, an inventory of the estates of the
lord of Pamele (Oudenaarde, Flanders, Belgium) written around 1275. Royal Library of Brussels, Ms 1175, fo. 156v.
© 2011 Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN 978-2-503-53049-9
D/2011/0095/163
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CONTENTS
List of illustrations vii
List of maps viii
List of tables and figures ix
Series introduction xi
Contributors xvii
1. Introduction: family, labour and income in the North Sea area, 500–2000
Isabelle Devos, Thijs Lambrecht and Eric Vanhaute 1
2. Family, income and labour around the North Sea, 500–1000
Jean-Pierre Devroey and Anne Nissen Jaubert 5
Britain
3. Britain, 1000–1750
Phillipp Schofield and Jane Whittle 47
4. Britain, 1750–2000
Samantha Williams 71
Northern France
5. Northern France, 1000–1750
Gérard Béaur and Laurent Feller 99
6. Northern France, 1750–2000
Nadine Vivier and Gérard Béaur 127
The Low Countries
7. The Low Countries, 1000–1750
Isabelle Devos, Thijs Lambrecht and Richard Paping 157
8. The Low Countries, 1750–2000
Erwin Karel, Eric Vanhaute and Richard Paping 185
vv
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Contents
North-west Germany
9. North-west Germany, 1000–1750
Michael Limberger 211
10. North-west Germany, 1750–2000
Georg Fertig and Ulrich Pfister 233
Scandinavia
11. Scandinavia, 1000–1750
Carl-Johan Gadd, Hans Chr. Johansen and Thomas Lindkvist 265
12. Scandinavia, 1750–2000
Carl-Johan Gadd and Hans Chr. Johansen 293
13. Conclusion: making a living in rural societies in the North Sea area, 500–2000
Thijs Lambrecht, Eric Vanhaute, Isabelle Devos, Gérard Béaur,
Georg Fertig, Carl-Johan Gadd, Erwin Karel, Michael Limberger,
Richard Paping and Phillipp Schofield 323
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
• “ Qui seminant in lacrymis, in exultatione metent”, Vulg., psalm. 125:5. Sowing
and harvesting as depicted by the Stuttgart Psalter, Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
c. 820/830 (Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, cod. Bibl. fol. 23, f° 146r°) 4
• H arrowing as depicted in the Luttrell Psalter, c.1325–1335 (British Library,
Ms Add. 42130, f° 17v°) 46
• G eorge Morland, Evening or the Sportsman’s Return, c.1795 (British Museum,
London) 70
• Jean-Baptiste Greuze, L’Accordée de Village, 1761 (Musée du Louvre, Paris) 98
• Jean-François Millet, L’Angélus, 1859 (Musée d’Orsay, Paris) 126
• H arvest scene with men and women from a popular eighteenth-century
almanac, c.1730 (Ghent University Library) 156
• D utch farmer in the province of Groningen with his employees and live-in
servants, c. 1900 (Coll. RHC Groninger Archieven, 818–17254) 184
• F amilies of spinsters in East-Flanders in the village of Zele, c.1900
(A. De Winne, Door arm Vlaanderen, met een brief van Ed. Anseele, Ghent,
1903, p. 33) 184
• Albrecht Dürer, Peasants at the market, 1519 (Dresden, Kupferstichkabinett) 210
• A children’s crib made of iron wire from the industrialising village of
Aplerbeck, Ruhr area, 19th century (Bildarchiv der Volkskundlichen
Kommission für Westfalen, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, Münster) 232
• Peasant Happiness (bondelyckan), c.1750 (Nordiska Museet, Stockholm) 264
• Crofter-soldier and his wife in Uppland, c.1900 (Upplandsmuseet, Uppsala) 292
vii
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LIST OF MAPS*
2.1 The North Sea area, 500–1000 6
3.1 Britain, 1000–1750 48
4.1 Britain, 1750–2000 72
5.1 Northern France, 1000–1750 100
6.1 Northern France, 1750–2000 128
7.1 The Low Countries, 1000–1750 158
8.1 The Low Countries, 1750–2000 186
9.1 North-west Germany, 1000–1750 212
10.1 North-west Germany, 1750–2000 234
11.1 Scandinavia, 1000–1750 266
12.1 Scandinavia, 1750–2000 294
* The maps are orientation maps. They are necessarily superficial and are only intended to
clarify the text. They roughly locate the most important place names mentioned in the text.
viii
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
3.1 Population in England, 1100–1750 50
4.1 Population in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland, 1751–1999 74
4.2 Birth and death rates per thousand in England and Wales, 1751–1990 76
5.1 Population in France and northern France, 1000–1750 101
6.1 French population in the countryside, 1750–2001 129
6.2 Fertility in Normandy (Pays d’Auge: plateau) during the eighteenth century 130
6.3 Population growth in France and northern France, 1806–1999 135
6.4 Population movement per thousand in France, 1800–2000 136
7.1 Population in the Low Countries, 1375–1750 159
8.1 Population in the Low Countries, 1750–2000 188
8.2 Birth and death rates per thousand in the Low Countries, 1801–2000 189
9.1 Population in Germany, 800–1800 214
10.1 Population, urbanisation and agricultural landholdings in
north-west Germany, 1750–2000 236
11.1 Population in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1000–1750 268
12.1 Population in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1750–2000 296
12.2 Birth and death rates per thousand in Denmark, Norway and Sweden,
1750–2000 296
13.1 Trajectories of life expectancies and fertility, c.1750–c.1870 328
13.2 Parties and their claims in property transfers 333
ix
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