Magnetic Appeal : MRI and the Myth of Transparency PDF
Preview Magnetic Appeal : MRI and the Myth of Transparency
This page intentionally left blank. MAGNETIC APPEAL This page intentionally left blank. Cornell University Press Ithaca and London Copyright © 2008 by Kelly A. Joyce All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2008 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2008 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joyce, Kelly A. (Kelly Ann), 1966– Magnetic appeal: MRI and the myth of transparency / Kelly A. Joyce. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-4489-0 (cloth : alk. paper)– ISBN 978-0-8014-7456-9 (pbk. : paper) 1. Magnetic resonance imaging. 2. Magnetic resonance imaging–United States. I. Title. RC78.7.N83J69 2008 616.07'548–dc22 2007048070 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Acknowledgments vii 1 MRI as Cultural Icon 1 2 Painting by Numbers: The Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Visual Turn in Medicine 24 3 Seeing Is Believing: The Transformation of MRI Examinations into Authoritative Knowledge 47 4 The Image Factory: Work Practices in MRI Units 77 5 The Political Economy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 109 6 A Sacred Technology? Theorizing Visual Knowledge in the Twenty-first Century 149 Appendix: Research Methodology 167 References 173 Index 193 This page intentionally left blank. Acknowledgments M any people contributed to this book. Of the many who shared their time and ideas, I want to highlight the following. I thank the physicians, technologists, and scientists who dis- cussed their professional training, work practices, and perspec- tives on medicine with me. Without their participation this book would not exist. I also thank the data specialists who helped me along the way. Researchers at the American College of Radiology, American Medical As- sociation, American Society of Radiologic Technologists, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Food and Drug Administration, General Electric, Hitachi, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, and Radiological Society of North America provided invaluable data for this book. My investigations of medical imaging technologies began at Boston College. The faculty and students in the sociology department created an open-minded, vibrant intellectual milieu. I especially thank Jeanne Guillemin, Stephen Pfohl, Juliet Schor, Stefan Timmermans, and Diane Vaughan for their careful reading and constructive feedback on my writ- ing and for their support over the years. As the book evolved, I benefited from the contributions of the editors and staff at Cornell University Press. Peter Wissoker’s subtle humor and helpful advice made the book writing process an enjoyable journey. I thank Ange Romeo-Hall for superb editing and Susan Barnett for exceptional marketing viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and publicity. I appreciate the anonymous reviewers’ suggestions for the manuscript. Their insightful criticisms made Magnetic Appeal a stronger piece of analytical work. Family and friends gave multiple forms of support for this project. Donna Joyce, Edward Scanlon, Shirley Scanlon, Mari Sullivan, Jim Sulli- van, and Kate Sullivan provided writing havens and good company. Alice Joyce and Jack Joyce shared plant-, food-, and art-related adventures. Christy Burns, Jane Geaney, Elaine Marolla, and Shashwat Pandhi joined me for long urban hikes that helped clarify ideas and offered necessary respites. The following people commented on components of this book. For this intellectual labor and gift, I thank Julia Garrett, Adria Goodson, David Hogge, Laura Holliday, Kimberly Mann, Elaine Marolla, Shashwat Pandhi, Celine Pascale, J. C. Poutsma, Timmons Roberts, Dee Royster, and Kate Slevin. Iparticularly thank Laura Mamo, T. L. Taylor, and Keith Mc- Gowan for dedicating time, energy, and good will to this project. Laura shared her friendship, professional wisdom, and careful editorial eye. T.L. listened to my ideas, offered sound advice, fielded emergency edits, and helped in the quest for clarity. Keith read every page of the manu- script at least once, talked through ideas, and offered enthusiasm and sup- port throughout the writing process. I thank the Schroeder Center for Healthcare Policy and the Office of the Provost at the College of William and Mary for financial support, and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Boston College for a University Dissertation Fellowship. Parts of chapter 2 were published as “From Num- bers to Pictures: The Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Visual Turn in Medicine,” in Science as Culture(2006) 15(1): 1–22; and an early version of chapter 3 was published as “Appealing Images: Mag- netic Resonance Imaging and the Construction of Authoritative Knowl- edge,” in Social Studies of Science(2005) 35(3): 437–462. I dedicate this book to my mother, Donna Joyce. I learned the value of steadfastness and style from her work ethic and keen imagination. Grow- ing up reading her nursing books and magazines taught me to love and enjoy science. Listening to her stories about medicine helped me under- stand the human dimensions of health care.
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