Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Evaluation and Treatment PDF
Preview Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Evaluation and Treatment
Lupus Erythematosus Peter H. Schur Elena M. Massarotti (cid:2) Editors Lupus Erythematosus Clinical Evaluation and Treatment Editors Peter H. Schur Elena M. Massarotti Division of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy Immunology, Allergy Brigham and Women’s Hospital Center for Clinical Therapeutics Boston, MA, USA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA ISBN 978-1-4614-1188-8 ISBN 978-1-4614-1189-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1189-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012941092 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Most physicians, regardless of their area of expertise, will encounter a patient with lupus during the course of their careers, or must consider the diagnosis when evaluat- ing a patient with a particular complaint. Often considered the prototypic autoim- mune disease, it is characterized by protean manifestations and affects a wide range of organ systems. Despite the widespread availability of antinuclear antibody testing and other technological diagnostic advances, the diagnosis of lupus can be elusive, diffi c ult, and inexact. Treatment of the disease can also be challenging, and focused upon the immune system and the speci fi c organ system affected. Advances in immu- nology and biotechnology have led to a burgeoning world of new therapies in develop- ment that offer patients the real possibility of new therapies, and physicians and scientists insights into the pathogenesis of this complicated immunological disease. This textbook summarizes the clinical aspects of lupus facing the general clini- cian in the twenty- fi rst century. The reader will fi nd introductory chapters regarding general diagnostic and treatment principles, followed by chapters addressing the lupus-speci fi c organ manifestations. Special topics regarding pregnancy and comor- bidities are also presented. All these chapters were written by highly experienced physicians with special expertise in lupus. We hope you will fin d this text to be a valuable, single source, “go-to” reference for the common and not so common problems affecting patients with lupus that you may confront in your practices. Boston, MA, USA Peter H. Schur, M.D., F.A.C.P. Elena M. Massarotti, M.D. v Contents 1 SLE Epidemiology: Epidemiologic Subtypes and Risk Factors for Development ....................................................... 1 Julia F. Simard and Karen H. Costenbader 2 The Immunopathogenesis and Immunopathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ....................................................... 13 David S. Pisetsky 3 Diagnosing and Monitoring Lupus....................................................... 27 Elena M. Massarotti and Peter H. Schur 4 Recommendations on How to Monitor the Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Clinic or at the Bedside ..................................................................................... 41 Vivian P. Bykerk 5 The Treatment of Lupus: General Principles ...................................... 53 Elena M. Massarotti and Peter H. Schur 6 Cutaneous Manifestations of Lupus Erythematosus .......................... 67 Henry Townsend and Ruth Ann Vleugels 7 Musculoskeletal Manifestations of SLE ............................................... 95 Simon M. Helfgott 8 Cardiac and Vascular Disease in SLE .................................................. 107 Robert A. Sands 9 Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ............................................................................ 115 Hilary J. Goldberg and Paul F. Dellaripa 10 Hematologic Manifestations of SLE ..................................................... 127 Ami S. Bhatt and Nancy Berliner vii viii Contents 11 Lupus Nephritis ...................................................................................... 141 Mary Anne Dooley 12 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ............................................................................ 153 R.S. Kalman and J.L. Wolf 13 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Lupus ...................................................... 169 S. Khoshbin 14 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy ................................. 183 Bonnie L. Bermas 15 Antiphospholipid Syndrome ................................................................. 197 Bonnie L. Bermas 16 Lupus-Like Syndromes Related to Drugs ............................................ 211 Joseph F. Merola 17 New and Emerging Therapies ............................................................... 223 Elena M. Massarotti 18 Co-morbidities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ............................. 229 Mary Gayed, Chee-Seng Yee, Sasha Bernatsky, and Caroline Gordon Index ................................................................................................................ 251 Contributors Nancy Berliner , M.D. Division of Hematology , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Bonnie L. Bermas , M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Director, Lupus Center , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Sasha Bernatsky , Ph.D. Royal Victoria Hospital , Montreal , QC , Canada Ami S. Bhatt Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Clinical Fellow in Hematology and Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Vivian P. Bykerk , M.D. Hospital for Special Surgery , New York , NY , USA Karen H. Costenbader , M.D., M.P.H. Lupus Center , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , B oston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Paul F. Dellaripa, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital , B oston , MA , USA Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Clinic , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Mary Anne Dooley , M.D., M.P.H. Division of Rheumatology and Immunology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA Mary Gayed , M.B.Ch.B. Rheumatology Department, City Hospital , Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, NHS Trust , Birmingham , UK Hilary J. Goldberg , M.D., M.P.H. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA ix x Contributors Caroline Gordon , M.D. Rheumatology Department, City Hospital , Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, NHS Trust , Birmingham , UK Rheumatology Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK Simon Helfgott , M.D. Division of Rheumatology , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA R. S. Kalman , M.D. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA S. Khoshbin , M.D. Division of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Elena M. Massarotti , M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Center for Clinical Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Joseph F. Merola , M.D. Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Department of Dermatology , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA David Pisetsky , M.D., Ph.D. Department of Medicine and Immunology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA Medical Research Service , Durham VA Hospital , Durham , NC , USA Robert A. Sands , M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Peter H. Schur , M.D., F.A.C.P. Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, B oston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Julia F. Simard , Sc.D. Clinical Epidemiology Unit , Karolinska University Hospital , S tockholm , Sweden Henry Townsend , M.D. Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine , The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA Ruth Ann Vleugels , M.D., M.P.H. Connective Tissue Disease Clinic , Brigham and Women’s Dermatology , Boston , MA , USA Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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