Low impact development : redefining water in the city : proceedings of the 2010 International Low Impact Development Conference, April 11-14, 2010, San Francisco, California

1766 Pages·2010·142.99 MB·English

by  Lichten

L I
OW MPACT
D 2010
EVELOPMENT
R W C
EDEFINING ATER IN THE ITY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 INTERNATIONAL
LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE
April 11–14, 2010
San Francisco, California

SPONSORED BY
Low Impact Development Technical Committee
Urban Water Resources Research Council
Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI)
of the American Society of Civil Engineers

COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS
California State Water Resources Control Board
California Storm Water Quality Association (CASQA)

EDITED BY
Scott Struck, Ph.D.
Keith Lichten, P.E.

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers
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ISBN: 978-0-7844-1099-8
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Preface

A number of national and regional Low Impact Development (LID) Conferences have
been held in the United States, including the September 2004 conference hosted by the
University of Maryland, College Park, the March 2007 conference hosted by North
Carolina State University in Wilmington, NC, and most recently the 2008
International LID Conference in Seattle, Washington. The 2010 conference was
organized to continue to expand this regional and national dialogue to a global scale
and to highlight new and continuing work including research, case studies, social
dimensions, and community adoption of LID throughout the United States and other
parts of the world.

The conference addresses a number of interrelated objectives that include:

• To promote the use of LID as an effective alternative for or integrated with
traditional stormwater management, as well as to examine successful
watershed management practices related to protection of streams through
hydromodification.
• To consider how changes in the traditional urban drainage design paradigm
interconnect with ideas of sustainability and green building and help create a
constituency for more livable and sustainable cities.
• To inform practitioners throughout the country on strategies to address and go
beyond common impediments for implementation of these techniques
• To accelerate change in the practice of stormwater management, including an
information exchange that intends to refine design processes, review
procedures, and evaluate construction standards related to LID technologies
• To improve our collective understanding of how vegetation helps manage
stormwater, intercept precipitation, expand urban greenspace, and improve
urban livability

The technical papers included in these proceedings address a very broad range of
topics that are relevant to sustainable approach to stormwater management using the
Low Impact Development technology. These topics include:

(cid:153) LID and Sustainability
• Green Infrastructure
• Quantifying Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits
• Using LID to Help Mitigate Impacts of Climate Change on Stormwater and
Wastewater Systems
• LID Implementation and Public Health
• LID and Smart Growth
• LID and New Urbanism
• LID and LEED
(cid:153) Overcoming Institutional and Other Barriers to LID Implementation
• Incentive Programs and Public Acceptance
• Maintenance Agreements between Public and Private Entities
• Modifications to Existing Codes and Ordinances

(cid:153) Codes, Regulations, Constraints, Guidelines
• Successful Collaborative Funding Approaches to LID
• LID and Commercial Retail
• LID Ordinance Review and Model Ordinance Examples
• Model LID Codes

(cid:153) Recent Monitoring/Performance Findings
• LID and Integrated Practice Monitoring
• Ecoroof/Greenroof Monitoring
• LID Hydromodification Benefits
• Other LID Facility Monitoring

(cid:153) Computational Methods
• Analysis Considerations for a Successful LID Application
• Comparisons of Existing Computational Methods
• LID Facility Modeling – Parcel, Block, and Development Scale
• Integrated Practice Modeling

(cid:153) Advances in LID BMP Design Methods – Lessons Learned
• Bioretention Design, Construction, Soil Composition, and Infiltration
• Green Roofs: Research Design, Implementation, and Construction
• Permeable Pavements
• Rainwater Harvesting and Other Beneficial Uses
• Bioswales
• Water Reuse and Harvesting
• Urban Trees
• Proprietary and Enterprise Technologies

(cid:153) Site Design Considerations
• Site Design and Analysis Considerations for a Successful LID Application
• Architecture of LID - Making it Look Great!
• Incorporating LID into Ultra-Urban and Highway Applications

(cid:153) LID Incentives for New Development
• Incentives for Developer Use of LID?
• Traditional vs. LID Cost Comparison
• LID Education and Engagement; Design Communities, Businesses, and
Public Stakeholders
• Financing to Encourage LID
• Exemplary Case Studies
• Creative Applications of LID Nationally and Internationally

(cid:153) Watershed Retrofit with LID
• Restoring the Urban Watershed: LID and Stream Restoration
• CSO Control and LID
• Exemplary Case Studies
• Brownfields LID Implementation
• Site Constraints: Contaminated Soil or Groundwater
• Incorporating LID Into Street Retrofits

(cid:153) Education, Training Outreach
• LID Education, Training, Outreach with Single-Family Residents
• Community and Neighborhood Involvement and Acceptance of LID
• Financing/Incentives Programs
• Exemplary Case Studies with Single-Family Residents
• Commercial/Industrial/Incentives Programs
• Exemplary Case Studies with Commercial/Industrial Owners

(cid:153) Long-Term Performance, Maintenance
• Maintenance Practices for LID
• Partnering on Vegetation Maintenance
• Maintenance Costs
• Failure Examples and Restoration Costs

Acknowledgments

These proceedings, Low Impact Development 2010: Redefining Water in the City, contain
the summaries of papers presented at the 2010 Low Impact Development Conference
held in San Francisco, California, April 11-14, 2010. This conference would not have
been possible without the contributions of all the authors and the Planning Committee,
which is identified below:

Co-Chairs
Keith Lichten Scott Struck
San Francisco Bay Regional Water Tetra Tech, Inc.
Quality Board Golden, Colorado
Oakland, California [email protected]
[email protected]

Conference Planning Committee

Michael Clar Lisa Austin
New Castle County, Delaware Geosyntec
Jill Bicknell Sarah Minick
EOA, Inc. San Francisco Public Utilities
Commission
Rosey Jencks
San Francisco Public Utilities Brian Parsons
Commission ASCE/EWRI Executive Director

Tom Liptan Autumn Richter
City of Portland, Oregon ASCE/EWRI Manager

Barbara L. Hickman
Peter Mangarella ASCE Conference Manager
Geosyntec

Proceedings Review Committee

Jill Bicknell
EOA, Inc. Dwane Jones
North Carolina State University
Michael Clar
New Castle County, Delaware Jinx Kuehn
Clean Water Services
Bethany Eisenberg
Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. (VHB) Keith Lichten
San Francisco Bay Regional Water
Elizabeth Fassman Quality Control Board
University of Auckland
William Lucas
Darla Inglis Griffith University, Australia
The Low Impact Development Center,
Inc. Daniel Medina
CH2M Hill
Liv Haselbach
Washington State University Marcus Quigley
Geosyntec
Bill Hunt
North Carolina State University Jeff Rice
Urban Systems
Rosey Jencks
San Francisco Public Utilities David Sample
Commission Virginia Tech

Rick Johnson Scott Struck
Seattle Public Utilities Tetra Tech, Inc.
Table of Contents
A National Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting:
Challenges, Needs, and Recommendations
Demonstration and Monitoring of Rainwater Harvesting Technology in North 1
Carolina
K. M. DeBusk, J. D. Wright, and W. F. Hunt
Do Rainwater Harvesting Objectives of Water Supply and Stormwater 11
Management Conflict?
Mark A. Jensen, Jennifer Steffen, Steven J. Burian, and Christine Pomeroy
Rainwater Harvesting from Roofs for Non-Potable Reuse 21
Natasha Nicholson, Shirley E. Clark, Brett V. Long, Christina Y. S. Siu, Julia Spicher, and Kelly A.
Steele
Advances in LID BMP Design Methods—Lessons Learned
A Methodology for Using Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Management 31
BMP
J. Alex Forasté and David Hirschman
ASCE-EWRI Permeable Pavement Technical Committee—Introduction of 45
Committee Goals and Chapter 1 of Guidelines Design Considerations Common to All
Permeable Pavements
Bethany E. Eisenberg
Best Practices for Maximum Beneficial Use of Rainwater 51
Bobby Markowitz
Considerations in Selecting a (Bio)filtration Media to Optimize Lifespan and 63
Pollutant Removal
Shirley E. Clark and Robert Pitt
Estimation of Green Roof Evapotranspiration—Experimental Results 74
Meghan Feller, Robert Traver, and Bridget Wadzuk
Impact of Maintenance and (Im)Properly Sizing Bioretention on Hydrologic 82
and Water Quality Performance
Robert A. Brown and William F. Hunt
In Situ Bioretention Design Concept 96
Michael Clar
Introduction to Permeable Friction Course (PFC) Asphalt 104
A. Braga and C. Connolly
Maintenance and Repair Options for Pervious Concrete 113
John Kevern
Measure Twice, Build Once: Bench-Scale Testing to Evaluate Bioretention 126
Media Design
Emilie K. Stander, Michael Borst, Thomas P. O’Connor, and Amy A. Rowe
Permeable Pavement Demonstration at the Edison Environmental Center 139
Amy A. Rowe, Michael Borst, Thomas P. O’Connor, and Emilie K. Stander
Permeable Pavement Performance over 3 Years of Monitoring 152
Elizabeth A. Fassman and Sam Blackbourn
Pervious Asphalt Roads and Parking Lots: Stormwater Design Considerations 166
A. L. Broadsword and C. A. Rhinehart
Pervious Concrete Testing Methods 180
Liv Haselbach
Pervious Pavement Systems in Florida—Research Results 193
Manoj B. Chopra, Erik Stuart, and Martin P. Wanielista
Replacing Incised Headwater Channels and Failing Stormwater Infrastructure 207
with Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance
Ted Brown, Joe Berg, and Keith Underwood
The Urban Green BioFilter: An Innovative Tree Box Application 218
James H. Lenhart, Scott A. deRidder, and Vaikko Allen
Case Studies
Case Study of LID Application and Design Method—Rain Harvesting for 234
Waterscape and Water Balance Analysis
Wei Feng, Wu Che, Jianlong Wang, and Junqi Li
Creating a LID Environment in an Ultra Urban Setting 244
Larry John Matel
Effects of Minimum-Intervention-Design to Urban Waterfront Park in China: 252
An Application of POE
Dihua Li, Jing Zhao, Jiewu Liu, Donghan Zhao, and Yanling Xu
Green Infrastructure for CSO Control in Kansas City, Missouri 264
S. D. Struck, R. I. Field, R. Pitt, D. O’Bannon, E. Schmitz, M. A. Ports, T. Jacobs, and G. Moore
Implementing Low Impact Development for Sustainable Transportation 276
Infrastructure in King County, Washington
J. F. Sussex
287
Integrated Stormwater Facility Design to Address Hydromodification on a College
Campus, Livermore, California
Lucas Paz, William Beaman, and Hans Kramer
Brickyard Park and Ride Case Study: Pervious Asphalt and Integrated Site 299
Stormwater Design
C. A. Rhinehart and A. L. Broadsword
Roadside Stormwater Master Plan Using Low Impact Development (LID) 312
J. L. Wang, W. Che, W. Zhang, J. Q. Li, and H. X. Yi
Using Landscape Plants for Phytoremediation 323
Mindy Ruby and Bonnie Appleton
Management, Design, and Development of Irrigation System in Desert 333
Regions Case Study:Bagh-E-Shazdeh (Prince Garden)
A.K. Hosseini Vahdat
Coast to Coast, Integration of Stormwater Management
with the Urban Landscape/Impacts on Organizational
Culture
Green Streets in Southern California: Transformation of Basic Street 347
Infrastructure to a Conversation of Beauty and Environmental Enhancements
Ken J. Susilo and Calvin Abe
Computational Methods
A Non-Dimensional Modeling Approach for Evaluation of Low Impact 362
Development from Water Quality to Flood Control
T. Andrew Earles, James Guo, Ken MacKenzie, Jane Clary, and Shannon Tillack
A Simplified Sizing Tool for LID Practices in Western Washington 372
A. Lancaster
An Innovative Decision Support System for Quantifying and Optimizing 385
Benefits of Decentralized BMPs for Los Angeles County
Youn Sim, Stephen Carter, John Riverson, and Jenny Zhen
Comparison of BMP Infiltration Simulation Methods 398
Jenny Zhen, Mow-Soung Cheng, John Riverson, Khalid Alvi, and Tham Saravanapavan
Curve Numbers and Urban Runoff Modeling—Application Limitations 405
Robert N. Eli and Samuel J. Lamont
Effectiveness Site Design and Low-Impact Development on Stormwater 419
Runoff Patterns at Partridgeberry Place LID Subdivision
Renee Fitsik