Lectures in Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health

154 Pages·2015·4.029 MB·English

by  Gab Kovacs, Paula Briggs

Lectures in Obstetrics,
Gynaecology
and Women’s Health
Gab Kovacs
Paula Briggs
123
Lectures in Obstetrics, Gynaecology
and Women’s Health

Gab Kovacs (cid:129) P aula Briggs
Lectures in Obstetrics,
Gynaecology and
Women’s Health
Gab Kovacs Paula Briggs
Department of Obstetrics Sexual and Reproductive Health
and Gynaecology Southport and Ormskirk Hospital
Monash University Southport
Clayton , Victoria UK
Australia
ISBN 978-3-319-14862-5 ISBN 978-3-319-14863-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14863-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940566
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
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The 30 topics you need to know to pass O & G

Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Naomi Ockersz and Josh Wright from Sonoa Health
for drawing the illustrations, Dr. Agnes Bankier for helping with genetics,
and Dr. John Campbell for checking the Obstetrics chapters.
I would also like to thank and pay tribute to Professor William A. W.
Walters, whose enthusiasm for teaching launched me on an academic career.
Clayton, Victoria, Australia Gab Kovacs
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Contents
Part I Introduction
1 Basic Physiology: The Menstrual Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hormonal Control of Ovulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Development of the Graafi an Follicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Effect of Oestrogen and Progesterone
on the Endometrium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ovulation of the Follicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Corpus Luteum and Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Basal Body Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cervical Mucous Changes and the Basis
of the Billings Method of Natural Family Planning . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fertilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Early Embryonic Development and Implantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Basic Embryology: The Development of the Foetus. . . . . . . . . 9
3 Basic Genetics for the Obstetrician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chromosome Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Genetic Abnormalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Single Gene Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Aneuploidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Multifactorial Congenital Abnormalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Antenatal Screening for Chromosmal Problems
(Prenatal Diagnosis –PND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 The Gynaecological History and Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Menstrual History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Contraceptive History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Obstetric History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cervical Cytology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
General Medical History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Presenting Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The Gynaecological Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Abdominal Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Speculum Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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