Learning and development practice in the workplace

353 Pages·2020·28.919 MB·English

by  (Learning and development consultant) David Hayden, Andrew Rea, Kathy Beevers

i
Learning and
Development Practice
in the Workplace
ii
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
iii
Fourth Edition
Learning and
Development Practice
in the Workplace
Kathy Beevers
Andrew Rea
David Hayden
iv
Publisher’s note
Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate
at the time of going to press, and the publishers and authors cannot accept responsibility for any errors
or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting,
or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor,
the publisher or the authors.
Fourth edition published in Great Britain and the United States in 2020 by Kogan Page Limited
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted
under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the
case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA. Enquiries
concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned
addresses:
2nd Floor, 45 Gee Street 122 W 27th St, 10th Floor 4737/23 Ansari Road
London EC1V 3RS New York, NY 10001 Daryaganj
United Kingdom USA New Delhi 110002
www.koganpage.com India
© Kogan Page, 2020
The right of Kathy Beevers, Andrew Rea and David Hayden to be identified as the authors of this work has
been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
ISBNs
Hardback 978 1 78966 044 9
Paperback 978 0 7494 9841 2
Ebook 978 0 7494 9842 9
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Beevers, Kathy, author. | Rea, Andrew, author. | Hayden, David
(Learning and development consultant), author.
Title: Learning and development practice in the workplace / Kathy Beevers,
Andrew Rea, David Hayden.
Description: Fourth edition. | London, United Kingdom ; New York, NY :
Kogan Page Inc, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019035056 (print) | LCCN 2019035057 (ebook) | ISBN
9780749498412 (paperback) | ISBN 9781789660449 (hardback) | ISBN
9780749498429 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Employees–Training of. | Employee training personnel.
Classification: LCC HF5549.5.T7 B4156 2019 (print) | LCC HF5549.5.T7
(ebook) | DDC 658.3/124–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019035056
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019035057
Typeset by Integra Software Services, Pondicherry
Print production managed by Jellyfish
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
v
CONTENTS
List of figures and tables ix
Acknowledgements xiii
How to use this book 1
01 The L&D professional 5
Introduction 5
The L&D profession 6
Understanding what is required of us 7
Knowing our own requirements 13
Fulfilling (and exceeding) requirements 15
Continuing professional development (CPD) 21
Selecting self-development activities 24
Recording CPD 29
What next? 33
References 34
02 The organisational context 37
Introduction 37
L&D, learners and the organisation 38
Understanding organisations 40
Why are organisations established? 41
Different types of organisation 43
Using analysis models 49
L&D’s position within the organisation 54
The L&D contribution 58
What next? 66
References 66
03 Identifying learning and development needs 69
Introduction 69
Learning needs 70
Not learning needs 72
Key causes of learning needs 74
Why and when to identify learning needs 75
Learning needs analysis 77
Collecting and analysing learning needs information 79
Determining priorities 91
vi Contents
Presenting a recommendation for learning 91
What next? 94
References 95
04 Designing learning and development activities 97
Introduction 97
Designing L&D 98
Clarifying requirements and factors which affect design 99
Aims, objectives and learning outcomes 102
Determining and sequencing learning content 107
Selecting training and learning methods 110
Methods for monitoring, assessing and evaluating learning 123
Selecting and developing learning resources 124
Specifying the L&D session 128
What next? 132
References 133
05 Delivery: Face-to-face training and facilitation 135
Introduction 135
Delivery of L&D activities 136
Preparing for learning and development activities 138
Establishing the physical environment for learning 141
Opening learning sessions 145
Different L&D delivery styles 149
Delivery methods and techniques 151
Working with visual aids and resources 157
Facilitating learning in a group 157
Bringing learning sessions to a close 165
A final note about you 167
What next? 169
References 169
06 Delivery: Using technology 171
Introduction 171
The technological context 171
Technology and learning 172
The timeline of technology in L&D 184
Delivering live online learning sessions 184
Creating digital learning content 192
Summary 196
What next? 199
References 199
Contents vii
07 Delivery: Coaching and mentoring 201
Introduction 201
Coaching 202
Similar but different 206
The coaching process 209
Mentoring 211
The mentoring process 216
The potential benefits of coaching and mentoring 218
Coaching and mentoring practice – models 220
Coaching and mentoring practice – communication techniques 222
Recording coaching and mentoring activity 224
What next? 227
References 227
08 Delivery: Social and collaborative learning 229
Introduction 229
What is social and collaborative learning? 230
Social media apps and platforms 234
Selecting social media 240
Social and collaborative learning within an online programme 246
Curation 251
Social and collaborative learning across this book 256
What next? 259
References 260
09 Engaging learners 261
Introduction 261
Learner engagement 262
Factors affecting learner engagement 265
Psychology and learning 269
Neuroscience and learning 276
Strategies for enhancing engagement 285
What next? 290
References 290
10 Evaluating impact 293
Introduction 293
Why evaluate? 294
Defining evaluation 296
Evaluation theory and thinking 299
Evaluation – process and practice 301
Identifying what is to be evaluated (scope) 302
Clarifying the purpose(s) of evaluation 302
Identifying information for evaluation 306
viii Contents
Selecting evaluation methods 308
Some creative approaches to evaluation 311
Timing of evaluation 313
Designing evaluation tools 314
Collecting evaluation information 317
Analysing information 320
Presenting findings and making recommendations 321
What next? 324
References 324
Index 327
Downloadable resources available here:
www.koganpage.com/ldpw/4
ix
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
FIGURE 1.1 The CIPD 2018 Profession Map 9
FIGURE 1.2 Time management matrix 16
FIGURE 1.3 The training cycle 22
FIGURE 1.4 The Experiential Learning Cycle 22
FIGURE 1.5 Infographic showing snapshot of L&D skills going into
2019 26
FIGURE 2.1 A three-way partnership 38
FIGURE 2.2 The operating environment 41
FIGURE 2.3 Example hierarchical structure 45
FIGURE 2.4 Example flatter hierarchical structure 45
FIGURE 2.5 Example divisional structure 45
FIGURE 2.6 Example matrix structure 46
FIGURE 2.7 Organisational structure and culture (Charles Handy) 47
FIGURE 2.8 Stakeholder Interest–Influence grid (1) 53
FIGURE 2.9 Stakeholder Interest–Influence grid (2) 54
FIGURE 2.10 Position of L&D – 2015 CIPD Annual L&D Survey 56
FIGURE 3.1 A team-based organisational structure 70
FIGURE 3.2 The Skill–Will matrix 72
FIGURE 3.3 Approaches to identifying learning needs 76
FIGURE 3.4 Identifying gaps 77
FIGURE 3.5 Team working and learning survey (extract) 82
FIGURE 3.6 Skills matrix – Example 1 90
FIGURE 3.7 Skills matrix – Example 2 90
FIGURE 4.1 Choosing verbs for objectives 106
FIGURE 4.2 Analysing a subject area 108
FIGURE 4.3 The Experiential Learning Cycle 113
FIGURE 4.4a Slide using a bullet point list 126
FIGURE 4.4b Slide using a visual 126
FIGURE 4.5 Session plan example format (extract) 129
FIGURE 5.1 Room arrangements 143
FIGURE 5.2 Continuum of delivery styles 149
FIGURE 5.3 Traditional training cycle 164
FIGURE 5.4 Embedded training cycle (Kathy Beevers) 164
FIGURE 7.1 Coaching slide scale 204
FIGURE 7.2 The spectrum of coaching skills 205
FIGURE 7.3 Some popular coaching models 220
FIGURE 7.4 Simple coaching contract or agreement 225
FIGURE 7.5 Simple coaching (or mentoring) meeting record 225
FIGURE 8.1 A typical social network (eg of a CIPD student) 234
FIGURE 8.2 The challenge zone 248