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Language & Globalization Series Series Editors: Sue Wright, University of Portsmouth, UK and Helen Kelly-Holmes, University of Limerick, Ireland In the context of current political and social developments, where the national group is not so clearly defined and delineated, the state language not so clearly dominant in every domain, and cross-border flow and transfers affect more than a small elite, new patterns of language use will develop. This series aims to provide a framework for reporting on and analysing the linguistic outcomes of globalization and localization. Titles include: David Block MULTILINGUAL IDENTITIES IN A GLOBAL CITY Jenny Carl and Patrick Stevenson (editors) LANGUAGE, DISCOURSE AND IDENTITY IN CENTRAL EUROPE The German Language in a Multilingual Space Julian Edge (editor) (RE-)LOCATING TESOL IN AN AGE OF EMPIRE Alexandra Galasinska and Michap Krzy~anowski (editors) DISCOURSES OF TRANSFORMATION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Roxy Harris NEW ETHNICITIES AND LANGUAGE USE Diarmait Mac Giolla Chríost LANGUAGE AND THE CITY Clare Mar-Molinero & Patrick Stevenson (editors) LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES, POLICIES AND PRACTICES Language and the Future of Europe Clare Mar-Molinero & Miranda Stewart (editors) GLOBALIZATION AND LANGUAGE IN THE SPANISH SPEAKING WORLD Macro and Micro Perspectives Ulrike Hanna Meinhof & Dariusz Galasinski THE LANGUAGE OF BELONGING Richard C. M. Mole (editor) DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF IDENTITY IN EUROPEAN POLITICS Leigh Oakes and Jane Warren LANGUAGE, CITIZENSHIP AND IDENTITY IN QUEBEC Colin H. Williams LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN DEMOCRATIC CONTEXT Forthcoming titles: John Edwards CHALLENGES IN THE SOCIAL LIFE OF LANGUAGE Helen Kelly-Holmes and Gerlinde Mautner LANGUAGE AND THE MARKET Jane Jackson INTERCULTURALITY IN STUDY AT HOME AND ABROAD Mario Saraceni THE RELOCATION OF ENGLISH Christina Slade and Martina Mollering FROM MIGRANT TO CITIZEN: TESTING LANGUAGE, TESTING CULTURE Language and Globalization Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–9731–9 Hardback 978–1–4039–9732–6 Paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Language Ideologies, Policies and Practices Language and the Future of Europe Edited by Clare Mar-Molinero and Patrick Stevenson University of Southampton Selection, editorial matter and introduction © Clare Mar-Molinero and Patrick Stevenson 2006 Chapters © the individual authors 2006 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-9899-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in hardback 2006 This paperback edition published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-58008-4 ISBN 978-0-230-52388-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-230-52388-3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Language ideologies, policies, and practices:language and the future of Europe/edited by Clare Mar-Molinero and Patrick Stevenson. p. cm. — (Language and globalization) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Language policy—Europe. 2. Language planning—Europe. 3. Europe—Languages—Political aspects. I. Mar-Molinero, Clare, 1948– II. Stevenson, Patrick, 1954– III. Series. P119.32.E85L284 2005 306.44′94—dc22 2005050961 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 Contents List of Tables and Figures vii Acknowledgements viii Notes on Contributors x 1 Language, the National and the Transnational in Contemporary Europe 1 Patrick Stevenson and Clare Mar-Molinero Part I The European Legacy: Theoretical Issues 2 Migration, Minorities and Multilingualism: Language Ideologies in Europe 13 Susan Gal 3 A European Perspective on Language as Liminality 28 Christopher Brumfit 4 Americanization, Language Ideologies and the Construction of European Identities 44 Thomas Ricento 5 The Role of ‘Europe’ in the South African Language Debate, with Special Reference to Political Traditions 58 Gerrit Brand 6 The European Linguistic Legacy in a Global Era: Linguistic Imperialism, Spanish and the Instituto Cervantes 76 Clare Mar-Molinero Part II New Formations in Europe: Language and Social Change 7 Why ‘New’ Newspeak?: Axiological Insights into Language Ideologies and Practices in Poland 91 Anna Duszak v vi Contents 8 Language Planning and National Identity in Sweden: A Performativity Approach 104 Tommaso M. Milani 9 The Macedonian Standard Language: Tito–Yugoslav Experiment or Symbol of ‘Great Macedonian’ Ethnic Inclusion? 118 Christian Voss 10 Language Loyalty in the Baltic: Russian Artists and Linguistic Nationalism in Estonia 133 Rémy Rouillard 11 ‘National’ Languages in Transnational Contexts: Language, Migration and Citizenship in Europe 147 Patrick Stevenson 12 The European Paradox: Swiss Discourses of Identity Between Dependence and Xenophobia 162 Robert Gould 13 Conducting Dissonance: Codeswitching and Differential Access to Context in the Belgian Asylum Process 177 Katrijn Maryns and Jan Blommaert 14 Multilingual Migrants and Monolingual Teachers: The Discursive Construction of Identity in a Flanders Primary School 191 Massimiliano Spotti 15 Changing Media Spaces: The Transformative Power of Heteroglossic Practices 206 Brigitta Busch 16 Dobry den Košice – üdvözlöm Kassát – Hello Kosice: Language Choice in a Slovak Internet Guestbook 220 Lukas Bleichenbacher References 237 Index 256 List of Tables and Figures Tables 16.1 Slovak vs Kosice residents by ethnic structure, 2001 census 222 16.2 Language versions of official websites in Slovak cities 224 16.3 Entries from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary 227 16.4 Entries from Germany, Austria and Switzerland 229 16.5 Entries from the rest of Europe 230 16.6 Entries from North America 231 16.7 Entries from various other countries 233 Figures 16.1 Origin of guestbook entries 226 16.2 Dominant language of entries 227 vii Acknowledgements We would like to thank the many people who contributed to the prepa- ration and production of this book and to acknowledge the support provided by our colleagues in Modern Languages at the University of Southampton. The book would never have taken shape without the highly successful and thought-provoking conference, by the same title, held at the Southampton Centre for Transnational Studies in July 2004 with financial support from the University Association for Contemporary European Studies. Versions of all the chapters of this book were first presented there, and the authors benefited greatly from the feedback and lively discussion that took place. We would especially like to acknowledge the tireless work and support that our research assistant Anna Efstathiadou-Adams provided throughout the organisation of this event. We also wish to thank our co-organisers Christopher Brumfit and Michael Kelly for their contribution to the planning, as well as our student helpers for their invaluable work: Michael Doleschal, Amanda Hilmarsson-Dunn, Michael Hornsby, Michèle Hynett Bonnin, Saman Jamshidi Fard, Tomasz Mazik and Rosalía Miró García. Particular thanks are due to Darren Paffey, who has contributed energetically throughout to the success of the conference and the subsequent production of the book. We are also grateful to our anonymous reviewers and the series editors, Sue Wright and Helen Kelly-Holmes, for insightful and helpful comments on drafts of the chapters, and to Jill Lake of Palgrave for her support and encouragement. Above all, we want to thank our co-contributors to this volume for their cooperation and their efficiency in meeting very tight deadlines! Clare Mar-Molinero and Patrick Stevenson viii Shortly after the original publication of this volume in hardback we were greatly saddened to have to announce the death, in March 2006, of one of the contributors, Professor Christopher Brumfit. As well as being an internationally renowned scholar in applied linguistics and a tireless advocate of the need to raise the profile of language learning and linguistic rights in all walks of life, Christopher Brumfit was a much loved and highly valued colleague at the University of Southampton for over 20 years. He has been a lasting inspiration to countless colleagues, teachers and students, and his wisdom and wit are sorely missed. We are proud to include his chapter in this volume as one of his last contri- butions to our field of study.

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