LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORMIN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Peter C. Bloch, James M. Delehanty ... PDF
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L A R AND AND GRARIAN EFORMIN THE K R YRGYZ EPUBLIC edited by Peter C. Bloch, James M. Delehanty, and Michael J. Roth L A R DNA DNA NAIRARG MROFE K R EHT NI ZYGRY CILBUPE yb detide ,hcolB .C reteP ,ytnaheleD .M semaJ dna htoR .J leahciM llA ,swe i,vsno i,tsantoeirtpardentenmimocer dna snoisulcnoc desserpxe nisiht repap era esoht fo eht srohtua dna ton ylirassecen esoht fo eht gnitroppus ro .snoitutits nginitarepooc 821 repaP hcraeseR CTL retneC eruneT dnaL nosidaM–nisnocsiW fo ytisrevinU 6991 yluJ thgirypoC © 6991 yb reteP .C ,hcolBsemaJ M. Delehanty, and Michael J. Roth. All rights reserved. sredaeR yam ekam mitabrev seipoc fosiht tnemucod rof laicremmocnon sesoprupyb yna ,snaem dedivorp taht siht thgirypoc ecito nsraeppa no lla hcus.seipoc iii STNETNOC FO ELBAT egaP stnemgdelwonkcA v Preface vii RE1TPAHC OVERVIEW, by ytnahe lsee Dmdhanc JaorleBteP 1 I. e seacbruo slearrutluci r:gdAnuorgk ccaibhpargoeG 1 II. Macroeconomic context for land and agrarian reform 3 III. hcraes ed rntacejorP 5 RE2TPAHC GNIRU TS CGMU NRRFDDMIOTONNRNFSAAANEELFIRRP RLEADGNEUL NI EHT ZYGR Y:KCI LTBNUEPMESRSESS,AS NDONIATADNEMMOCER hcr uyhrC r dahnL taloeRah cyibM 9 I. noitcudortnI II. 3 9h9g1uo r 1 hg9,entn9Rhii1Ktrutcurt smerraF 9 III. tne s 4 eo9,rt9gp1nirutcurt smerraF 41 IV. tnemsses slaageL 42 V. tnemsses scaimonocE 03 VI. noC snoisulc 63 RE3TPAHC nessum seaiR t daynKtanahe lseeD m,yaEbJRUTCU RNTASIRARGA 34 I. noitcudortnI 34 II. 1 9e9r1o feerbutcu rntasirargA 34 III. 5991–1 9,9g1nirutcurt sm serfsraoefcorP 84 IV. 5 9y 9l,1ueJrutcu rntasirargA 45 V. do igrneiprutcur tgsne irtru u prdd tonmubaroaalF 95 RE4TPAHC LAND ADMINISTRATION AND IMMOVABLE PROPERTY REGISTRATION, by Peter Bloch, Eric Gilbert, and David Stanfield 36 I. noitar tdsnianLimda 36 II. Immovable property titling and registration 47 RE5TPAHC DIMENSIONS OF FA GNIR UNT ICM:U RC REIZTHLYSTBGEURRPYEKR TNEMSSESSA FO LEVEL-M RSAEFSSECORP DNA,STNIARTSNOC a k,inreEssu mes ia,t RhaltKeoaR hycbiM ytnahe lsee Dmd,anmJaortsyN 18 I. noitcudortnI 18 II. ygolodoht ehMcraeseR 18 III. Profile of sample state and collective farms 78 IV. Organization of rural committees 98 V. Land privatization 39 VI. sesirpr edte nmsye rclfoiwoftesniretcarahC 201 VII. snoitacram eydradnu odb npaihsrenwodnaL 901 VIII. Property privatization 611 .XI Severity of agricultural problems 321 .X g neoittraudtc utr ntmfesromeasrfsessA 421 v A STNEMGDELWONKC sihT tnemssessa fo dnal dna nairarga mrofer si dednetni ot dia eht tnemnrevog foeht zygryK cilbupeR )RK( ni gn ilzairnuatglruoceirr gdanal erunet dna dnal tnemeganamni redro e toatt in loeiihcttaifs noatrt a t.e ykgmrnoainmdonc uerFof eht yduts sdaewdivorp e r. d u)d netFdokyahlAl or rTuMuh Foyt c(o gfwb sdeiceuokilhrhonnrtgtraioAhBMWt ton evah neeb detelpmoc tuohtiw eht noitaroballoc fo slaiciffo dna stsitneics ni eht,RK yllaicepse esoht ni eht .FAM rehtehW ro ton ruo srotaroballoc eerga htiw eht snoitaterpretni dna snoitadnemmocer detneserp ,ereh rieht snoitubirtnoc ot eht krowera .detaicerp pyalpe ee drd aneag aypre vnteonedive eW dluow ylralucitrap ekil ot knaht eht gnitcA retsiniM fo erutlucirgA dna,dooF tolobkeB ,vokebraglaT dna eht lareneG rotceriD fo eht nacilbupeR retneC rof dnaLdna ,mr onfaeiRrargA luknesE detubi rltennon coysrrt esgpin ni, iw n.moeovlhi elttnioiIlfdAda yllaitnatsbus ot eht :krow dihsarudbA ,vonamsI ialociN Dorosh, niktieS ,vonagutiAdna kebiaB veilabusU ni ,kekhsiB dna dihkavudbA vomalasudbA ni Osh. In the State etarotcepsnI no dnaL secruoseR dna ,gnireenignE eht ,rotceriD kebranyhC ,vomdynsaaK eht etaicossA ,rotceriD kebnatsrA ,vokydyS erew suoreneg htiw rieht emit dna gni mhot cishwaterdoif oetvo r hpecmh ritt a e,edresn ple ra.rireisehhettwthlnntuiaseeMr eugaelloc iegreS vokintolP saw a ydaets dna demrofni-llew dneirf fo eht tcejorpmorf gninnigeb ot .dne nI eht niba ilracrSutluc i,rygmAedacA ew knaht aralC avoliamsIdna sanaM ,votamaS sa llew sa eht ,rotceriD iabzygryK ,vehsualA yllaicepse rof rieht y n.ahMcrae sdelr eginfitatili cenacifnatsissa noyar seettim ml oa scrfd uoadsrenlhaaici ffo tuohguorht eht RK erew suoreneg htiw rieht emit dna erew gnitadommocca otdnaL e ht tueolgn ie;swsrehcraes edrle i)fCT Lr(etn eeCruneT mika fo eht noyar fo ,iahzmadaK rihsmaraK .ssendn idk ntahgis nrialucitr asp irh o,fvonumomudbA ehT CTL eroc maet saw desopmoc fo semaJ ,ytnaheleD eitaK ,nessumsaRahciM le ,htoR dna reteP .hcolB rehtO CTL ffats dna setaicossa gnikam elbaul asvnoitubirtnocot eht ngised dna tcudnoc fo eht hcraeser dedulcni divaD ,dleifnatS ennairaM ,hcolBsseJ ,deeR yrraL ,hcruhC dna mailli W.nesuhneseihT ehT snoitubirtnoc fo larevesCTL-non stsilaiceps dezilibom ot dnel ecnatsissa ni yek saera fo tnemssessa dluohs eb :degdelwonkca cirE trebliG dna divaD sirraH fo eht ecnandrO yevruS )KU( dnaiskaM ocaR fo s’CTL ainablA dnaL tekraM noitcA .tcejorP akirE ,mortsyN a tneduts taekuD .thgis ndietapicitna ndu neacnatsis shacraes etrrep xdeedivo r,pytisrevinU gnomA etairtapx esrehcraeser dna sresivda ni ,kekhsiB ew etaicerppa ylralucitrapeht ytilaigelloc dna saedi dereffo yb eht SICAT-UE ,maet ylbaton nhoJ ,gniraehSwerdnA ,senoJ luaP-ornuM ,eruaF dna ynoT .renraW nhoJ elttihW fo eht naisAtnempoleveD drdeen rl abFl,rikeMnHaB notsuH fo ,DIASU sabanraB eg gdenZa allohdA-t omgeihMS iv fo eht dlroW ,knaB enauD draeB fo eht lanoitanretnI ytnuoC-ytiC tnemeganaM ,noitai cdon sansaAhta ndorJaeB er eswuoren ehgtiw rieht emit d n.as t,hygluloahntiFew knaht aylataN ,avonilmohkuS ahsiM Pruss, iegreS ,hkinbergoP rumiT ,kagdabaraK leenaJ ,av odnnaa te shfatfya at tBsfzpoye gcr rnoryofi KCed ho dtok egreyolo wilyhpbwmeeht .ytic a tpt racnocei pjapoursp ret e.PhCcolB Project Director r5e9b9m1 e2t1peS iiv P ECAFER m e drt mnfo sloaoteyarmchsrfmetuostc lgu ncsiitmr i rgc)oaiRfl Ksbsz(n uiyaepgrhertTRyK eht teivoS are ot detneiro-tekram noitcudorp dna .edart latnemadnuF ot siht troffe simraf noitazitav i:drgnp naginriulttcnuarmtssie dreht 24 4elacs-eg reatlats dna evitcell oscmraftaht g tnl muia yepchrddlhta t uenltu llinttaa orplwilnu 0oeauut s9frcorf’9icioy1 rcvregathantuoc elacs- rsemlrlaa fmdseganam ,ysb l,asuediilv iismdpanufiorg fo ,seilima fdn aetaropromcraf .sesirpretne mraF gnirutcurtser nageb ni ,1991 tub ssergorp saw luftif litnu ,4991 nehweht yrtsiniM fo erutlucirgA dna dooF )FAM( deralced sti tnetni ot refsnart ylraen lla foeht s’yrtnuoc 5.1 noillim seratceh fo elbara dnal ot sredlohllams yb .5991 gniwonK taht adnal mrofer troffe fo siht edutingam sliatne ,lagel ,evitartsinimda dna cimonoce spihsdrahdna snoitacilpmoc , eht noituloser fo hcihw lliw ekat ,sraey FAM detcartnoc eht dnaLeruneT retneC )CTL( ot :eraperp )a( na tnemssessa fo eht shtgnerts dna sgnimoctrohs fo stidnal mrofer krow ot ,etad dna )b( a noitadilosnoc nalp ot pleh ediug sti stroffe ni gnimoc.sraey gnidnuF rof tsn’eCmTeLvl osva nwdiedivorp yb eht dlroW ,knaB dna sCrTeLhcraeerseewr h2guor hytraur b me6oF rRef K hnttinediser August 1995. sihT troper stneserp s’CTL sgnidnif dna snoitadnemmocer no eht dnal erunetnoitisnart dna setutitsnoc eht tnemssessa noitrop fo s’CTL detadnam .tuptuo ehT noitamrofndieniatnoc ni siht troper sah neeb desu ot eraperp a dnoces ,tnemucod Land and Agrarian Reform in the noit a n:dzaciylilgPlorbsyunKpoeCR , taht sesoporp a tes fo snoitca ot erusne taht ehtsmrofer .rot cleasrutluci r,gdaetneiro-tek r,ae mleb caauid voddrnepatelp meorca retpahC 1 sreffo enilesab cihpargoeg fni noitamro no eht ,RK na tnuocca fo eht c itmnoenmoncoeroirvcn aenmi hcihw smrofer era gnikat ,ecalp a feirb tcej o,ryprotsih dnaa stea ghyntraoh tc sa l ele adluhrgncgteeai etl n.rp2osardh hoChnchcot rief atmoeephsiterrcsed n oriostftai l mss sri eniogn tahfeie aitelh en1d urrtR ce9nddlaKenv9annarvii1laavgasreahd ,sn o. riscdgetninntp omaipmd,io yauaytnylhsocaocrCsrncc3 ieabeielldtlaonspgpuimesilnoc ls aysnoc olidiptntmsaae iln eotsbtaeitgrsncas hencdi e rneuah tittcrauahrr ttgdesaevtalhuser morf eht lagel dna yrota lnuogietrulov egnir u,d5991 –g1n9i9d1ulcni eht rebmun dna ezisfo ,smraf dnal ,esu dna detaler srotacidni fo dnal erunet egnahc dna nairarga .mrofer retpahC4 sweiv e ,r,eenhrotuittcc undr untyfasc aecviif tfs aeefriotdso ibtnaihmtda tes dn aecrofndenal dna dnal mrofer ,ycilop sdnemmocer evitartsinimda ,stnemtsujda dna seifitnedi dnal noitartsinimda sksat eht etats nac dna—etanimile srehto ti lliw deen ot sa—retslob ehtRK setelpmoc sti noitisnart morf dnam msoecrutcurts ot tekr asmelpicnirp ni .erutlu,cyilrlgaaniF retpa h5 C s sddyde eee esanrvd tuti urn sc aantuaeeuydticssidbbuadn orcuoCttcTssL no a01 tn eeclrpempas fo rem reotfa tes vdi ntsacmerlalfo c oetbircs etda eht mra flevel seehstseccus dna sgnimoctrohs fo mrofer serusaem ot ;etad eht retpahc osla sekam snoitadnemmocerrof .serudeco rd pnsaeicil omprof edrn adleret lrwaoen re1tpahC O WEIVREV yb ret ehPcolB dna ystenmaahJeleD .I G DNUORGKCAB CIHPARGOE A : ESAB ECRUOSER LARUTLUCIRG no iethuT bsliea rirfttuositivldiu tcnciiarga eht z ycgirlybKu p)eRRK( nac eb dnuof nierugif .yrtn u enonhocititcud olraprutluci rnogotaitcudo r stsnenaavi r pesa sim.h1T.1 1 ,etoN ,tsrif eht tnetxe fo .serutsap fO eht s’cilbuper latot ecafrus aera fo 02noillim ,seratceh 9 noillim seratceh 54( )tnecrep si .erutsap ylluF 58 tnecrep fo larutlucirga dnalsi ey yl edlb .le nin eltnosoeraiisi huvmot , Ttipc hsRsluptuKadoio porwn srcihipa gtdinnhuaom .saera roF siht ,nosaer tsom dnal rednu 005,1 sretem evoba aes level )LSAM( si.detavitluc gniyl -swaoeLra ton rednu eht wolp era ts oymllearitne retniw erutsap yar gd-emduaihdse(m ni erugif .)1.1 retniW erutsap si dezarg morf rebmevoN hguorht hcraM erehw wonsrevoc .yrasse ceseranut sraept nsitwnem gruead d to.ufsCtimrep remmuSerutsap dedahs( htiw a hcuot fo )yarg si erom .evisnetxe tI sesirpmoceht s’yrt ntusoacv shdg ninahelesws ta0er0bg0,2 dna 000,3 LSAyMle ts aedmtniuaxtoirtpspnaoc driht-eno fo eht .yrtn udoecrevoc-won Sgnirud hcum fo eht ,raey eht remmus erutsap enozsi desu yb sredreh gnirud ,enuJ ,yluJ dna .tsu geutAaidemretn Isenoz neewteb( 005,1 dna000,2 1es.r a1u dgneiiiffitn ee)drLiaSAM elrluatfs-agpnirps n dl,i, ddneiyannnisragiaaupMaA re.b rmdeenbtaoptecSO nI ,0991 tsuj erofeb eht gninnigeb fo ,mrofer kcotsevil dna kcotsevil stcudorpdetnuocca rof t0n6ec rfeop sker c he seol tb.srtaemso esruudr:weul nogsvtaso wilvagfoLuolc0li1orfga r e edkrnceuowts eylvll ira.laseeN s0r0o0 h ,,d0en0la 3tntoai c l,2ls . itp1dm aennoeaoghisllim s rkecbom tu .snesevmv iristaLe cfsdeinlral polrcaertuntel ueeclti aarlctg ossaer -htfetnogorcal evah denilced tahwemos ecnis ,0991 sa sah eht noitubirtnoc fo eht kcotsevil rotces otlatot lta urs puretteeultsoup( ca3ihrcg adna.)5 faoe rdan allat ost’noit ae n hfstoeratc enhoill i5 m.t1s usjetutitsn odcn adletavitluC 20 nia rsgwo h1s .e1rug i.Fnia r ogdtetna l spdinalpo rec h ftfol athuo b.Aseratc enhoill im 1 Glavnoye upravlenie geodezii I kartografii , Atlas ogoks’leS avtsjaizohK ,RSSS Ministerstva Geologii I Okhrany Nedr SSSR , Moskva, 1960, p. 265. Translations of the map legend and captions are literal but accurate. Elsewhere in this document Chuya is transliterated as Chui. 2 3 noitcudorp si detartnecnoc ni eht ,htron ylniam ni eht iuyheCllaV 2 dna osla no ehtnretsae serohs fo ekaL .luK-kyssI lapicnirP sniarg era retniw ,taehw gnirps ,yelrab ,eziamretniw ,yelrab dna gnirps .taehw egarevA niarg sdleiy era lauqe ot esoht fo eniarkU eud oteht .noitcudo rdpetagir r fieocnanimode rep hdt nganitna llpl atfimr etpa hstretn idwl iymlevitaler 3 niargnoN sporc taht etubir tynlolcaitnatsbus ot eht lanoitan ymonoce edulcni yah—dna yllaicepse ni dnalwol saera fo eht ,tsewhtuos erehw eht rehtaew si ,occabot—tsedli,mnottoc yr styi nhfeupohoatcr gloaergutlu ct isneraihgrt atenlobc a tt.esoshoneTmlbat e,dgsnetaviurf eht ecnanimoderp ni eht tsewhtuos ni( eht yellav fo eht anagreF reviR dna sti )seiratubirtfo ylevitaler elacs-llams noitcudorp fo larutlucitroh dna lairtsudni ,sporc hcus sa occabotdna ,stiur fsusrev na sisahpme n oelacs-e gnri aanlrogitcudorp ni eht ,h tyrlolnaicepse ni eht iuhC .yellaV eroM naht sdriht-owt fo lla dnalporc ni eht RK si .detagirri noitagirrI retawsetanigiro tsomla yleritne no eht yltrap detaicalg hgih sepols fo eht neiT nahS dna resselniatnuom .segnar 4 peekpU dna tnemeganam fo eht noitagirri krowten rednu eht wen metsys fo ,dezilartneced redlohllams ,noitcudorp tuohtiw yvaeh etats ,seidisbus si a rojamdevlosernu .mrof enrairar gda ndan a fleoruli a rfsosecc ues hetnimret epdl eyhletamit llul itwa hetussi rednU tnerruc dnal mrofer ,noitalsigel eht etats sniater lortnoc fo erutsap dnarehto elbaranon ,dnal elihw dnalporc dna tsom fo eht dnalnon stessa fo eht remrof etats dna tstsn.snnasas ieafheht0hceotltn1Trm eed dpe litoasutreburir r s gtemensvrriiiaaedtfbcelloc eht lanoitan yrotirret si tcejbus ot .noitazitavirp sA lliw eb ,nwohs gniganam ssecca ot .deeco rspmrof e sreaus sliaciti r eaclbl idwn adletubirtsidnon tneuqerF ecnerefer lliw eb edam ni eht gniwollof sretpahc ot lanoiger secnereffidni ydbesserp xlel iswecnereff iedse hytlni a.Mmrof ed rnnaoitcudorp tsalbo . erugiF 2.1 swohseht x iss’cilbup eer h ftnooitacol stsalbo . .II M MROFER NAIRARGA DNA DNAL ROF TXETNOC CIMONOCEORCA ehT ymonoce fo eht RK sah dereffus ecnis eht pukaerb fo eht teivoS .noinU reP atipacssorg citsemod tcudorp ,)PDG( detamitse ta 086$SU ni ,3991 si eno fo eht tsewol ni eht . )s seSe,ts uItsn ee DCame fcvo(trdt hoci tSonestutefek tlsaheprfialtreaoeedmwrnnIommoC ,revew oehht RK saw eno fo eht wef SI Csrebmem eoctneir esepghxnteinni gfeobcimonoce lfoort n eo shcmatrwo fteerk rsfatomnem etlneatro ptm si eo efhm.not5O 9yn9ri1evocer 2 Figure 1.1 also shows that sugar beets were prominent in the Chui Valley during the 1960s. By the ,s0891 ,revewoh roop cimonorga secitcarp dna ragus teeb sesaesid dah desuac eht porc ot evig yawtsomla yletelpmoc ot taehw dna .yelrab eeS dlroW ,knaB Agricultural Sector Review for the Kyrgyz Republic (1994, p. 5). 3 World Bank, Agricultural Sector Review for the Kyrgyz Republic (1994, p. 5). 4 ylraeN lla eht noitagirri retaw desu yb gnirobhgien ,scilbuper ylbaton Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, also r os miw for oeoreelhfthft.ntRiK
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