Knock at the Door of Opportunity: Black Migration to Chicago, 1900-1919 PDF
Preview Knock at the Door of Opportunity: Black Migration to Chicago, 1900-1919
Knock at the Door of Opportunity Slaughter family. Author’s collection. at the Door of Knock Opportunity Black Migration to Chicago, 1900–1919 Christopher Robert Reed Southern Illinois University Press Carbondale Copyright © 2014 by the Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 17 16 15 14 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reed, Christopher Robert. Knock at the door of opportunity : black migration to Chicago, 1900–1919 / Christopher Robert Reed. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8093-3333-2 (hardback) ISBN 0-8093-3333-3 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8093-3334-9 (ebook) ISBN 0-8093-3334-1 (ebook) 1. African Americans—Illinois—Chicago—History—20th century. 2. African Americans—Migrations—History—20th century. 3. Migration, Internal—United States—History—20th century. 4. Chicago (Ill.)—Race relations—History—20th century. 5. Chicago (Ill.)—Social conditions— 20th century. I. Title. F548.9.N4R4445 2014 305.896'073077311—dc23 2013036578 Printed on recycled paper. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. Contents List of Illustrations vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. The Fabric of Society 21 2. Black Chicago and the Color Line 55 3. The Structure of Society 72 4. Housing along an Elastic Streetscape 93 5. Religion and Churches 112 6. Labor and Business 138 7. Politics and Protest 183 8. The Reuniting of a People: A Tale of Two Black Belts 217 9. Employment and Political Contention 257 10. Martial Ardor, the Great War, and the Race Riot of 1919 281 Epilogue 304 Notes 311 Bibliography 365 Index 381 Illustrations Slaughter family frontispiece Buford Slaughter and childhood friends 28 Malinda Chappell residential mobility 39 S. Laing Williams 62 Fannie Barrier Williams 63 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams 65 Marching Eighth Infantry Regiment, Illinois National Guard, 1908 74 Prominent black Chicagoans 76 Black choral group 81 Black orchestra 82 The black Chicago community 99 Quinn Chapel AME Church 104 Amanda Smith 134 Provident Hospital 135 Firemen from Engine Company Twenty-One on their way to a fire 143 Growth of African American population and businesses, 1860–1921 166 Jesse Binga 173 vii viii Illustrations First Binga Bank 173 Anthony Overton 179 Overton Company employees 179 Oscar De Priest 185 Edward H. Wright 185 Maj. John R. Lynch 189 Rev. Lacey Kirk Williams 243 Olivet Baptist Church 245 Better housing 251 Tenement housing 252 Eighth Infantry Regiment (370th) returning home from France, 1919 285 Black stockyards employees receiving wages during Chicago Race Riot of 1919 299 People buying ice from a freight car during Chicago Race Riot of 1919 300
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