Key topics in sports medicine

330 Pages·2006·3.09 MB·English

by  A A Narvani, P Thomas, Bruce Lynn

KEY TOPICS IN
SPORTS MEDICINE
Key Topics books contain the information you need for:
• Clinical guidance – rapid access to concise details and facts
• Postgraduate exams – an essential revision guide
Clear and comprehensive, Key Topics in Sports Medicine is a single quick reference
source for sports and exercise medicine. It presents the essential information from
across relevant topic areas, and includes both the core and emerging issues in this
rapidly developing field. It covers:
• Sports injuries, rehabilitation and injury prevention
• Exercise physiology, fitness testing and training
• Drugs in sport
• Exercise and health promotion
• Sport and exercise for special and clinical populations
• The psychology of performance and injury.
Based on graduate programme teaching practice and with an international team of
contributors, this is a valuable and practical resource for all those interested in sports
and exercise medicine, including sports clinicians, general practitioners, team doctors,
orthopaedic surgeons, accident and emergency doctors and physiotherapists.
Amir Ali Narvani is Specialist Registrar in Orthopaedics and Trauma, North West
Thames Rotation. Panagiotis Thomas is co-director of the MSc School of Human
Health and Performance at University College London and Consultant Orthopaedic
Surgeon at the Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London. Bruce Lynn is Professor of
Physiology and co-director of the MSc School of Human Health and Performance at
University College London.
The KEY TOPICS Series
Accident and Emergency Medicine, Second Edition
Anaesthesia, Third Edition
Cardiac Surgery
Cardiovascular Medicine
Clinical Research
Critical Care, Second Edition
Evidence-Based Medicine
Gastroenterology
General Surgery, Second Edition
Human Diseases for Dental Students
Neonatology, Second Edition
Neurology
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Edition
Oncology
Ophthalmology, Second Edition
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthopaedic Surgery
Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Otolaryngology, Second Edition
Paediatrics, Second Edition
Pain Management, Third Edition
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Psychiatry
Renal Medicine
Respiratory Medicine
Sexual Health
Thoracic Surgery
Trauma
Urology
KEY TOPICS IN
SPORTS MEDICINE
Edited by
A A Narvani, P Thomas and B Lynn
First published in the United Kingdom in 2006
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2006 Routledge
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Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been
acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions
any omissions brought to our attention.
Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented
accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither
the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from
the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Narvani, A. A. (Amir Ali), 1971–
Key topics in sports medicine / A.A. Narvani, P. Thomas, and B. Lynn.
p. ; cm. –– (Key topics series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Sports medicine—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Thomas, P. (Panagiotis), 1960– II. Lynn, Bruce,
1943– III. Title. IV. Title: Sports medicine. V. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Athletic Injuries—Handbooks. 2. Sports Medicine—Handbooks. QT 261 N238k 2006]
RC1211.N37 2006
617.1⬘027—dc22
2006008644
ISBN10: 0-415-41122-X (hbk)
ISBN10: 1-841-84441-1 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-48015-5 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-41122-6 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-1-84184-441-1 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-48015-1 (ebk)
To my father, who taught me how a father could also be his son’s best friend,
defined kindness and generosity for me and introduced me to the wonderful
world of sport.
To my mother, who is the main reason for every success that I have ever had
and whose sacrifices I truly appreciate.
To my wife without whose support and patience this book would not have been
possible.
I would also like to thank my co-editors, all of the contributing authors and the
publishing company Routledge.
A A Narvani
To my parents, my wife Jennie and my two daughters Bethany and Jessica Thomas.
P Thomas
To my long-suffering family.
B Lynn
Contents
List of contributors x
Preface xii
Abdominal injuries in sport B Modarai 1
Achilles tendon rupture AA Narvani 4
Ageing and sport AA Narvani 6
Ankle – acute sprains AA Narvani 11
Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: overview AA Narvani 14
Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: lateral ankle instability
AA Narvani 15
Ankle – persistent problems following sprains: other injuries AA Narvani 17
Back pain – overview AA Narvani 25
Back pain – lumbar strains and sprains AA Narvani 27
Back pain – discogenic AA Narvani 29
Back pain – spondylolysis AA Narvani 30
Biomechanics B Lynn 32
Calf pain P Thomas 35
Cervical spine injuries – overview AA Narvani 36
Cervical spine – cervical ligament and muscle injuries AA Narvani 38
Cervical spine – cervical disc injuries and herniations AA Narvani 39
Cervical spine – fracture/dislocation AA Narvani 40
Cervical spine – cervical cord neuropraxia AA Narvani 46
Cervical spine – nerve root/brachial plexus injuries AA Narvani 47
Chest injuries P Thomas 50
Compartment pressure syndromes P Thomas 53
Diabetes and exercise S Parnia 54
Disability and sport – overview AA Narvani 59
Disability and sport – classification AA Narvani 60
Disability and sport – medical problems AA Narvani 62
Disability and sport – equipment AA Narvani 65
Drugs in sport – overview B Lynn 68
Drugs in sport – the administrative framework: doping control
procedures B Lynn 72
Drugs in sport – anabolic steroid abuse B Lynn 75
Drugs in sport – blood doping, erythropoietin and altitude training
B Lynn 78
Diving – hyperbaric medicine B Lynn 82
Ear, nose, throat conditions in athletes N Munir 86
Elbow – lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) AA Narvani 89
Elbow – medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow) AA Narvani 92
Elbow – throwing injuries AA Narvani 95
Epilepsy and exercise S Parnia 102
Exercise physiology – circulatory and respiratory systems B Lynn 106
Exercise promotion B Lynn 109
viii Sports Medicine
Eye injuries in sports AA Narvani 111
Female athlete – the triad B Lynn 116
Female athlete – exercise during pregnancy B Lynn 119
Fitness testing B Lynn 120
Forearm and wrist conditions P Thomas 121
Gender verification B Lynn 124
Groin pain AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis 125
Hand injuries P Thomas 129
Head injury P Thomas 131
Heel pain R Sreekumar 134
Imaging of sports injuries – plain radiograph (plain X-ray) AA Narvani 141
Imaging of sports injuries – ultrasound (USS) AA Narvani 143
Imaging of sports injuries – isotope bone scan AA Narvani 145
Imaging of sports injuries – magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) AA Narvani 148
Imaging of sports injuries – computed tomography (CT) AA Narvani 151
Infection and sport A Kamvari 153
Knee – acute injuries P Thomas 156
Knee – overuse injuries P Thomas 161
Knee – anterior knee pain P Thomas 162
Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation AA Narvani 164
Maxillofacial injuries in sport F Monibi 168
Muscle properties relevant to sports and exercise (including fatigue)
B Lynn 172
Nerve injury – overview of peripheral nerve injuries O Haddo 178
Nerve entrapment syndromes – upper limb P Thomas 182
Nerve entrapment syndromes – lower limb O Haddo 183
Orthoses in sport JL Livingstone 186
Osteoarthritis and sport AA Narvani 194
Osteoarthritis – treatment AA Narvani 196
Paediatrics – sports medicine P Thomas 200
Paediatrics – sports injuries P Thomas 202
Paediatrics – osteochondrosis (osteochondritis) P Thomas 206
Physiotherapy – general principles T Betts 209
Physiotherapy – acute injury management T Betts 213
Physiotherapy – rehabilitation T Betts 218
Physiotherapy – the team physiotherapist T Betts 221
Prevention of sports injuries AA Narvani 225
Psychology – performance enhancement P Thomas 229
Psychology – sports injuries P Thomas 231
Pulmonary disorders and exercise S Parnia 232
Risk of sudden death in athletes MF Khan 235
Shin pain P Thomas 244
Shoulder – acute dislocation AA Narvani 245
Shoulder – instability AA Narvani 248
Shoulder – impingement syndrome/rotator cuff disease AA Narvani 253
Shoulder – acromioclavicular joint injuries AA Narvani 259
Skin infections in athletes A Kamvari 263
Contents ix
Sport and exercise at altitude B Lynn 268
Sport and exercise in the cold – hypothermia B Lynn 270
Sport and exercise in the heat – thermoregulation and fluid balance
B Lynn 272
Sport and travelling P Thomas 275
Sports footwear AA Narvani 277
Stress fractures in sports M Ramachandran 281
Team physician P Thomas 285
Thigh pain (anterior) – quadriceps muscle injuries AA Narvani and
EE Tsiridis 287
Thigh pain (posterior) – hamstring strains AA Narvani and EE Tsiridis 291
Thigh – muscular contusions and myositis ossificans AA Narvani and
EE Tsiridis 295
Thoracolumbar spine fractures AA Narvani 299
Training B Lynn 304
Unexplained underperformance syndrome B Lynn 306
Urinary tract injuries P Thomas 308
Index 310