Keats and Shelley: Winds of Light

251 Pages·2022·1.37 MB·English

by  Kelvin Everest

OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
Keats and Shelley
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
Keats and Shelley
Winds of Light
KELVIN EVEREST
1
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
3
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OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
Inmemoryof
GeoffreyMatthews(1920–1984)
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OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
Acknowledgements
Iowethankstothemanyfriendsandcolleagueswhohavehelpedmetoappreciate
andunderstandEnglishpoetry.Myenthusiasmforthestudyofliteraturewasfirst
kindled by an inspirational English teacher at East Barnet Grammar School,
MrE.J.Ward.AsastudentatReadingUniversityIbenefittedenormouslyfrom
theshapingguidanceofIanFletcher,JohnGoode,DonaldGordon,LionelKelly,
andChristopherSalvesen.Aboveall,myundergraduatetutoranddoctoralsuper-
visor,GeoffreyMatthews,becamemymentor,myfriend,and,forme,theexemplar
ofwhataliteraryscholarandcriticshouldbe.Thisvolumeofessaysisdedicated
to the memory of Geoffrey.
IthasbeenaprivilegetolearnfrommystudentsinteachingtheRomanticpoets
in the English departments at St David’s University College Lampeter, Leicester
University, and Liverpool University. I am especially indebted to my research
students: Laura Barlow, Rachael Ben-Itzhak, John Bleasdale, Laura Blunsden,
Chulmin Chung, William Drennan, Elaine Hawkins, Lisa Leslie, Anna Mercer,
SharonRuston,HamidShojameehir,JonStone,JonThorpe,andSallyWest.
A great many teachers, academic friends, colleagues, and collaborators have
helped me with their advice, knowledge, and skill, and through the stimulus of
theirconversation.Attheriskofinadvertentomission,IwouldliketothankJane
Aaron, Carlene Adamson, Paul Baines, Bruce Barker-Benfield, John Barnard,
Simone Batin, Bernard Beatty, Shobhana Bhattacharji, Drummond Bone, Will
Bowers, Marilyn Butler, Peter Butter, Marco Canani, Deborah Cartmell, Judith
Chernaik, Gillian Clark, Duncan Cloud, Stefan Collini, Lilla Maria Crisafulli,
Richard Cronin, Nora and Keith Crook, Sandy Cunningham, Stuart Curran,
Paul Dawson, Simon Dentith, Gavin Edwards, Michael Erkelenz, Tony Fitton-
Brown,PaulFoot,NeilFraistat,HilaryFraser,JohnFreeman,SarahGartside,Sara
Haslam, Ian Hilson, Boyd Hilton, William Keach, Desmond King-Hele, Peter
Kitson,GregKucich,EdwardLarrissy,BethLau,AngelaLeighton,PhilipMartin,
Jerome J. McGann, Andrew Motion, Bill Myers, Mathelinda Nabugodi, Vince
Newey,LucyNewlyn,LawrenceNormand,MichaelO’Neill,SharonOuditt,Tom
Paulin, Seamus Perry, Ken Phillipps, David Pirie, Adrian Poole, Cathy Rees,
Donald H. Reiman, Gareth Roberts, Charles Robinson, Nicholas Roe, Francesco
Rognoni, Michael Rossington, Rick Rylance, Malabika Sarkar, Carol Smith, Jane
Stabler, Fiona Stafford, Martin Stannard, Nicola Trott, Christopher Tuplin,
Valentina Varinelli, and Timothy Webb. I am grateful to the opportunities for
sustained research provided by the Master and Fellows of Trinity College,
Cambridge, for electing me as a Visiting Fellow Commoner, and to the
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
viii 
President and Fellows of St John’s College, Oxford, for electing me to a Visiting
Scholarship. Generous research grants have been awarded by the British
Academy, the Leverhulme Trust, and by the Universities of Leicester and
Liverpool. My work would have been impossible without the assistance of the
staffofmanylibraries,butinparticulartheBodleianLibraryOxford, theBritish
Library, Cambridge University Library, the English Faculty Libraries at
Cambridge and Oxford, the Huntington Library, the John Rylands Library
Manchester, Leicester University Library, Liverpool City Library, and Liverpool
University Library. Jacqueline Norton and her colleagues at Oxford University
Presshavebeenunfailinglysupportiveandprofessional,andIgreatlyappreciated
thehelpfulconstructivecommentsoftheanonymousreadersforthePress.Ihave
also,forallsortsofreasons,tothankLucy,Michael,Sophie,Nick,Grace,James,
Ella,Arthur,Ivy,Sylvie,andRhoda;and,mostofall,Faith.
Forpermission to reprint published materialin thisbook Iamgratefulto the
followingrelevanteditorsandpublishers:CambridgeUniversityPressformaterial
inKeats andHistory (1995)ed.NicholasRoe;D.S.Brewerfor materialinPercy
ByssheShelley:BicentenaryEssays(EnglishAssociation,1992)ed.KelvinEverest;
Leicester University Press for material in Shelley Revalued: Essays from the
Gregynog Conference (1983) ed. Kelvin Everest; Liverpool University Press for
materialinKelvinEverest,JohnKeats(NorthcoteHousefortheBritishCouncil,
2002);andOxfordUniversityPressformaterialinTheOxfordHandbookofPercy
ByssheShelley(2013)ed.MichaelO’NeillandAnthonyHowe,withtheassistance
ofMadeleineO’Callaghan.
Materialisalsoreprintedbypermissionfromthefollowingjournals:Essaysin
Criticism lvii (2007); Durham University Journal lxxxv (1993); Keats–Shelley
Reviewxxxiii(2019),andAnalisiLinguisticaeLetteraria(3/2019).
OUPCORRECTEDAUTOPAGEPROOFS–FINAL,14/9/2021,SPi
Contents
ListofAbbreviations xi
1. Introduction:OnShelleyandKeats 1
2. WhyReadKeats? 15
3. KeatsAmidtheAlienCorn 25
4. IsabellaintheMarketplace:KeatsandFeminism 40
5. Keats’sFormalLegacyandtheVictorians 58
6. KeatsMeetsColeridge 72
7. Shelley’sAdonaisandJohnKeats 91
8. ShelleyandtheHeart’sEchoes 111
9. ShelleyandhisContemporaries 128
10. Shelley’sDoubles:AnApproachtoJulianandMaddalo 146
11. ‘Mechanismofakindyetunattempted’:theDramaticAction
ofPrometheusUnbound 172
12. ‘Ozymandias’:TheTextinTime 185
13. ‘Newlyunfrozensensesandimagination’:Shelley’sTranslation
oftheSymposiumandhisDevelopmentasaWriterinItaly 201
Bibliography 219
Index 229