Table Of Content

WORKERS GF ALL C('.)UNTRIES, UNITE! l\APJI MAPHC BllOf PA<I>ItIH JiI3]J;ATEJIJJCTBO JIOJIJiITJiI1'.:£ECRO])'[ JIJiITEPA TYPDI. MOCRBA A BIOGRAPHY [EJii] PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW Translated by YURI SDOBNIKOV Designea by VIKTOR KUZYAKOV KapJI MapKc BHOrPAcI>HH PUBLISHERS' NOTE This is a translation of the second Rus sian edition, Moscow 1973, prepared by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism of. the C.P.S.U. Central Committee. Written by P. N. Fedoseyev, Irene Bakh, L. I. Golman, N. Y. Kolpinsky, B. A. Krylov, I. I. Kuzminov, A. I. Malysh, V. G. Mosolov, Yevgenia Stepanova. © Translated into English. Progress Publishers, 1973 First printing 1973 Second revised edition 1977 10103-980 014(01)-77 6ea o6'I>.f1BJI. B CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 11 Chapter One THE ROAD TO MATERIALISM AND COMM:UNISM 19-60 Chil\l,h.nod and Youth 22."Student Years in Bohn and Berlfu 24.fJCl Study of Hegel's Philo�ophy. Among the Young Hegelians 28. Doctoral Dissertation 31. Attitude to Fauerbach 3fi. E)tart of Political Activity. Article Against Prussian Censorship 36. Rheinische Zeitung: Contributor and· Editor 38. Revolutionary• Democratic Ideas in Marx's Journalistic Writings 39. Conflict with "The Fr'�e'' 44. The -Rheinisqh<; Zeitung Banned 45. Kreuz nach. Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law MS. Notebook� on History 48. Preparations for Punlishing the Deutsch-Franziisische Jahrbiicher. Departure for Paris 53. Final Adoption of Materialism �nd Communism 54. Prehi:de to a.1 l Great Friendship 57. Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbiichen Con� temporary Assessments 59. 'chapter Two' FIRST FORMULATION' OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE . PROLETARIAN OUTL,O'OK, oi-85 Break with Ruge 61. Marx in Paris 1.844 62. Scientific 'in. Pursuits 66. Economic and Philosophic Manus.cripts of 1844 68. Work on Vorwiirtfi/ 73. An. Histi:Jric Meeting 76. P.reparation for Joint Attack on Young Hegelians 76. The Holy Family 78. Expulsion from Paris 84. Chapter Three THE MATERIALIST VIEW OF HISTORY 86-113 In Brussels 86. Arriva1 of Engels. Plan for A New Philo sophical Work 88. Theses on Feuerbach 90. "Library of the Best Foreign Socialist Writers". Articles in the Press ·92. Early Followers 93. Trip to England 95. Critical Study of Political Economy and Socialist Literature 98. Work on The German Ideology 101. Revolution in Views of Social Development Completed 104. The Main Thing:· Self-Clarification 112." 5 Chapter Four THE START OF THE STRUGGLE FOR THE PROLETARIAN PARTY. PROGRAMME FOR THE INTERNATIONAL 114-166 WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT The Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee 115. The Break with Weitling 118. The Struggle Against "True So cialism" 121. Disagreements with Proudhon 123. The Poverty of Philosophy 127. Foundation of the Communist League 133. German Workers' Society in Brussels 136. Wage Labour and Capital 138. Efforts to Start a Periodical 140. International Congress of Economists 144. Polemics with Karl Heinzen 146. Efforts to Unite the Revolutionary Forces 149. Second Congress of the Communist League 152. After the Congress 156. Work on the Manifesto of the Communist Party 158. First Marxist Programme 160. Chapter Five DURING THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848-49 167-231 Revolutions Break Out in Europe. Marx Expelled from Brus sels 167. Marx in Paris. Fight Against "Export Revolution" Plans 170. Demands of the Communist Party in Germany 171. Start of Activity ,in Revolutionary Germany 173. Opposing the Views of Gottschalk and Born 175. Proletarian Wing of the Democratic Movement 177. Editor-in-Chief of the Neue Rhei nische Zeitung 179. Struggle to Complete the Bourgeois-Demo cratic Revolution 182. Support for the Oppressed People's Struggle. The Neue Rheinische Zeitung's Attitude Towards E:oreign Policy 186. The June Uprising in Paris 189. Revolu tionary Organ of the Proletariat 190. Opposing· the Counter Revolutionary Offensive. Marx in the Workers' Association and the Democratic Society in Cologne 191. Trip to Berlin and Vienna 195. September Crisis in Germany 196. The October Uprising in Vienna 201. Fighting the Counter-Revolutionary Coup in Prussia 203. P:irst Results and Prospects of the Ger man and European Revolutions 208. Working for the Unity of the Democratic Forces 211. Two Trials 212. Marx in Februa.., ry-March 1849 215. Practical Steps Towards a Mass Proletarian Party 217. The Neue Rheintsche Zeitung and the National Liberation Struggle iin Hungary and Italy 221. Defeat of the Rhine Uprisings. Neue Rheinische Zeitung Closed Down 223. In South-Western Germany 226. Back in Paris. June 13 228. . First Historical Test of Marxism 230. Chapter Six SUMMING UP THE LESSONS OF THE REVOLUTION 232-270 'The First Months in London 232. The Founding of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-okonomische Revue 235. The Class Struggles in France 236. Efforts to Reorganise the Communist League. March Address of the Central Commit tee 240. Universal Society of Communist Revolutionaries 244. Reviews in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-okonomi �che Revue 247. International Surveys. Evaluating the Pros- 6 J>ects of the Revolution 249. Fight Against the Willich-Schap per Sectarian-Adventurist Faction 251. Engels Leaves for Man chester. Correspondence Between the Two Friends 254. Plan for a Fresh Attack Against Proudhon 255. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 257. Critique of Petty-Bourgeois Democracy. Great Men.. . of the Exile Pamphlet 262. Cologne Communist Trial 264. Communist League Dissolved. New Forms of Struggle for a Party 269. Chapter Seven YEARS OF REACTION 271-325 Oppressed by Reaction and Penury 271. Marx in the Family Circle 274. A Friendship Fortified in Tribulation 277. Economic Researches 278. Scientific Studies in Other Fields 283. Fostering Proletarian Revolutionaries. Safeguarding Revolutionary Tra ditions Among the German Workers 287. Marx and Chartism in the 1850s 290. Connections with the U.S. Working-Class Movement 292. Writing for the Progressive Bourgeois Press 294. Marx as a Journalist 298. Articles on Britain's Po litical System 299'. Struggle Against Reactionary Regimes in Continental Europe 302. Exposure of the Capitalist· States' Colonial Policies 305. Critique of the Ruling Classes' Foreign Policy 310. Revolutionary Tactics on the Eastern Question. Attitude to the Crimean War 313. "Revelations of the Diplo matic History of the 18th Century" 317. "Revolutionary Spain" 321. Facing New Battles 323. Chapter Eight THE DECISIVE STAGE IN THE FORMATION OF MARXI$T POLITICAL ECONOMY 326-3?.6 Articles on the 1857 Economic Crisis 326. Work on the Eco nomic Manuscripts of 1857-58 328. Introduction to the Eco nomic Manuscripts of 1857-58 330. Main Manuscripts of 1857- 58 334. Preparing the New Economic Work for the Press 338. First Part of A Contribution to the Critique of Political Econ omy 339. Marx and Darwin 343. Chapter Nine A FRESH UPSURGE IN THE DEMOCRATIC AND PROLETARIAN MOVEMENTS 347-390 Das Volk 348. For a Revolutionary Unifi.cation of Italy 350. The Garibaldi Movement 352. Tactics in the Struggle for Ger many's Unity 353. Differences with Lassalle 355. Herr Vogt Pamphlet 359. Jenny Marx's Illness 362. Trip to Holland and Germany 363. Defence of Blanqui 365. Marx and Social Change in Russia 366. Contributions to Die Presse 369. American Civil War. End of Contributions to the N.Y. Daily Tribune 371. English Workers' Movement in Support of the North 375. Marx's Attitude Towards the Polish Insurrection of 1863-64 376. Work on a Pamphlet About Poland 380. In the German Work ers' Educational Society in London 383. Loss of a Friend 384. Marx and the General Association of German Workers 385. On the Way to the International 388. 7 Chapter Ten CAPJTAL MARX'S MAIN WORK 391-443 - Work on the .Second Part of A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 391. Economic Manuscript of 1861-63 392. Economic Manuscript of 1863c65 394. Preparation for the Printers and Publication of Volume One .of Capital 395. Rus,. sian. Edition of Volume One of Capital 399. Second German Edition of Volume One of Capital 401. Authorised French Edi tion of Volume One of Capital 402. Work' on Volumes Two al)..d Three of Capital 403. The Production of j:::apital 408. The Process of Circulation of Capital 414. The Process of Capitalist Production as ·{l. WhQle 418. Xheories of Surplus-Value 423. Problems of Communj.sril. ih (:apital"427. The Method of Capital and Its Geneial.fmportance to Science 432. Chapter Eleven FOUNDER AND LEADER 0F· T;FIE FIRST INTERNATIONAL 444.'.499 International Me�ting at' St. Martin's Hall 444. Inaugural :Ad dress and Provisiohal Rules .445. Head of the International Proletarian Organisation 448. The Way to the Masses 451. Corresponding Secretary for Germany 456. The Polish Ques tion 458. Holidaying at Zalt-Bommel 459'. At the London Con ference of 1865 461. International's Sections Set Up in Ger many. Austrp-Pr.ussian War and the .German Working qass 463. International Proletariat's Economic Platform 465. Differences with English Trade Union Leaders. The Irish Question 470. Working for the International:'s Socialist Pro gramme 473. Questions of War ana Peace 477. The Birth of. the First Mass Marxist Party 480. Start of Struggle Against Bakuninism 484, Basle· ·Congress, International's Tactics on the Peasant 'Question 489. Jnter)l.ational Importance of, the Irish Question · 490. General Comicil Corresponding Secretary for Russia 493. Crisis of the Second Empire' and Prospects for a European Revolution 496. C.hapter Twelve , THE PARIS COMMUNE 500-523 On the Threshold of a New Historical Epoch 500. First Address on the Franco-Prussian War 501. Helping the German Social Democrats Formulate Revolutionary· Tactics 503. Collapse of the Second Empire. Second Address on the Franco-Prussian War 505. Campaign for Recognition of the French Repub lic 507. March 18 Revolution 509.· Contacts with the Com munards 512. Movement of Solidarity with the Commune 513. Analysis of the Commune1s Activity. Writing the General Council's Address 517. The Civil War· in France 518. 8 Chapter Thirteen FIGHTING FOR THE PURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL'S IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES 524-55i Preparations for the London Conference 524. Milestone in the History of the International 526. Fight for Recognition of the London Conference Resolutions 530. Intensified Struggle Against the Bakuninists. Fictitious Splits in the Internation al 531. Against Reformism 534. Contacts with the Commune's Refugees 537. Preparing for the Hague Congress 538. The Hague Congress 539. After the Congress. Meeting at Amster dam 543. The International's Last Year 545. Dissolution of the International Working Men's Association 549. Chapter Fourteen . FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF 'fHE THEORY AND TACTICS OF THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT 552-582: The mid-1870s 554. In Their Father's Footsteps 558. Polemics Against the Anarchists on the Theory of Socialist Revolu tion 561. Ideological Leadership of the International Working Class Movement 564. Teacher of the German Social-Demo crats 569. Critique of the Gotha Programme 574. Helping to Write Anti-Duhring 579. Chapter Fifteen THE STRUGGLE TO ESTABLISH AND STRENGTHEN PROLETARIAN PARTIES. MARX AND REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA 583-647 Theoretical Researches of the Last Few Years 583. Studies in World History 588. Struggle to Set Up Proletarian Parties in Various Countries 596. Against Bismarck's Anti-Socialist Law. Critique of Opportunism 600. Contribution to the Establish ment of the French Workers' Party 608. Towards a New Stage in the Spread of Socialism in Britain 616. Prospects before the Working-Class Movement in the U.S.A. 619. Ana lysis of Post-1861 Development in Russia 623. Keen Expecta tion of Revolution in Russia 629. Russian Revolutionaries' Adviser and Friend 631. Irreparable Losses. Failing Health 640. March 14, 1883 643. Chapter Sixteen MARXISM: THE WORKING PEOPLE'S BANNER IN THEIR STRUGGLE FOR COMMUNISM 648-675- The Historical Destiny of Marxisim 648. The October Socialist Re:volution-a Great Triumph for Marxism-Leninism 654. Marxism an(! Modern Capitalism 661. Marxism and Communist Construction 668. NAME INDEX 679' INDEX OF PERIODICALS 691 9