Journal of shellfish research

562 Pages·1991·32.6 MB·English

by  National Shellfisheries Association

MBL/WHOI

JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
VOLUME NUMBER JUNE 1991
10, 1
The Journal ofShellfish Research (formerly Proceedings ofthe
National Shellfisheries Association) is the official publication
ofthe National Shellfisheries Association
Editor
Dr. Sandra E. Shumway
Department of Marine Resources
and
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science
West Boothbay Harbor
Maine 04575
EDITORIAL BOARD
Dr. StandishK. Allen, Jr. (1993) Dr. Ralph Elston (1993) Dr. Lew Incze (1992)
Rutgers University Battelle Northwest Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean
Haskin Laboratory for Shellfish Marine Sciences Laboratory Sciences
Research 439 West Sequim Bay Road McKown Point
P.O. Box 687 Sequim, Washington 98382 West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575
Port Norris, New Jersey 08349
Dr. Susan Ford (1993) Dr. Roger Mann (1992)
Dr. Neil Bourne (1992) Rutgers University Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Fisheries and Oceans Haskin Laboratory for Shellfish Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062
Pacific Biological Station Research
Nanaimo, British Columbia P.O. Box 687
Canada V9R 5K6 Port Norris, New Jersey 08349 Dr. Islay D. Marsden (1992)
Department ofZoology
DMra.riMnoeniScciaenBcreiscelRjes(e1a9r9c2h) Center DDre.paJrotnmaetnhtanofGrOacnetan(o19g9r2a)phy CCharnitsetrcbhuurrychU,niNveerwsiZteyaland
State University of New York Dalhousie University
Stonry Brook, New York 1 1794-5000 Halifax, Nova Scotia Dr. James Mason (1992)
Canada B3H 4J1 1 Airyhall Terrace
Dr. Anthony Calabrese (1992) Aberdeen ABl 7QN
National Marine Fisheries Service Dr. Paul A. Haefner, Jr. (1992) Scotland, United Kingdom
Milford, Connecticut 06460 Rochester Institute ofTechnology
Rochester, New York 14623
Dr. A. J. Paul (1992)
Dr. Kenneth K. Chew (1992) Institute of Marine Science
School of Fisheries Dr. Robert E. Hillman (1992)
University of Alaska
College of Oceans and Fishery Science Battelle Ocean Sciences Seward Marine Center
University of Washington New England Marine Research P.O. Box 730
Seattle, Washington 98195 Laboratory Seward, Alaska 99664
Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332
Dr. Peter Cook (1992)
Department ofZoology Dr. Les Watling (1992)
University ofCape Town Ira C. Darling Center
Rondebosch 7700 University of Maine
Cape Town. South Africa Walpole, Maine 04573
Journal of Shellfish Research
Volume 10, Number 1
ISSN: 00775711
June 1991
iVlarine Biological Lab"
LIBRARY
JUN27
1991
Woods Hole,
WARREN RATHJEN
F.
1929-1990
Warren F. Rathjen died of a heart attack on 2 November. 1990 in Melbourne, Florida after a five-month illness.
Warren Rathjen was known to cephalopod biologists as an enthusiastic and sagacious proselyte for the development of
cephalopod fisheries, especially for squids. But. long before Warren became hooked on squids, he was known to a
generation offishery biologists as a hard-working, hands-on, classical fishery biologist, particularly on a variety ofmarine
fin fishes. He knew the on-board sight, feel and smell offishes, where they lived, how to catch them and how to process
and market them. He was not particularly enthusiastic about the desk-bound, number-crunching type of fishery biology,
and he was able to avoid it, much to the benefit of the field.
Bom in New York City on 4 March, 1929. Warren Rathjen was exposed throughout childhood to the Long Island
fishing industry and the outdoors. Upon graduation from high school in 1946. Warren served forthree years with the U.S.
Coast Guard in the western North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific. He earned a Bachelor of Science in Zoology at
the University ofMiami (Florida) in 1953 and pursued graduate studies in fisheries in 1953 and 1954 at the University of
Miami and the University of Washington. Warren took additional graduate work, in political science, at the George
Washington University in Washington, DC. in 1958-59.
Warren Rathjen served as a hydrographic observerat the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in 1953, then became an
aquatic biologist for the state ofNew York (1954-56). working on the life history ofstriped bass and publishing his first
two papers. Warren began his distinguished service with the National Marine Fisheries Service (then called the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries) in 1956 as a fishery methods and equipment specialist. He conducted exploratory fishing surveys
for tuna, red snapper and shrimp in the Gulfof Mexico. Caribbean Sea. South America and Florida east coast from the
laboratories in Pascagoula. Mississippi and Jacksonville. Florida. Then followed exploration and gear research on tunas
and shrimp as Assistant Base Director (Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research) at Gloucester. Massachusetts (1959-62).
During this period Warren published eleven more papers on various aspects of the fisheries and biology of fishes and
shrimps.
In Memoriam: Warren F. Rathjen
W. F. Rathjen with deep-seasquid.
As Director ofthe Exploratory Fishing Base in Juneau, Alaska from 1962-64, Rathjen conducted exploratory studies
on groundfishes. shrimps, crabs and scallops. He experienced another extreme change in habitat in 1964 when he went to
Barbados as the Chiefof Exploratory Fishing for the Caribbean Fisheries Development Project of FAO, United Nations.
During a 5-yearperiod he oversaw the planning and building ofthree fishery research vessels and headed research projects
and exploratory fishing in 14 Caribbean territories and in waters offCentral and South America. In addition to papers on
fisheries topics, Warren also published several reports on sea turtles, whales and whaling, and even on human fatalities
from
stingray "stings.""
Rathjen migrated northward again to the NMFS Laboratory in Woods Hole in 1969 where he began fisheries surveys
on underutilized species in the western North Atlantic. It was during this period that Warren became thoroughly captivated
with squids as an underutilized fishery resource of potentially considerable importance to U.S. fishermen. Warren dedi-
cated the rest ofhis professional career to studying the squid fisheries and potential, promoting the development of squid
fisheries, marketing strategies, and handling technologies. Rathjen's last position with the NMFS (1973-85) was as
Fisheries Administrator. Deputy Division Chief, for fisheries development for the 19 states in the New England. Middle
Atlantic and Great Lakes region. While WaiTen continued to encourage the development of fisheries for underutilized
species, particularly red crab, ocean quahog. herring, mackerel and butterfish. his primary passion was squid fishery
development and capture methods. All but four of his last 22 publications (1973-91) concerned squid fisheries, fishing
techniques and gear. Rathjen published a total of52 papers during his career.
After 32 years of government service, Warren Rathjen retired from the NMFS in the spring of 1985 and moved to
Florida where he became Adjunct Professor at Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, working on fisheries gear
and development. From 1987-89 Warren served as Marine Advisor for the University of Florida Sea Grant Program,
working with the public on issues concerned with fisheries, environment, coastal processes and education. Since 1988
Warren was a consultant on squid and tuna fisheries development to the international fisheries company. Transpac Fish-
eries, Ltd.
Warren was appointed a certified Fishery Scientist of the American Fisheries Society, a Fellow of the American
Institute of Fishery Research, and an Executive Member ofthe Cephalopod International Advisory Council. Rathjen also
held lectureships at various times in Barbados, Massachusetts Maritime Academy, Salem State College, Yale University
School ofOrganization and Management, and Florida Institute ofTechnology.
In Memoriam: Warren F. Rathjen
These facts about Warren Rathjen's distinguished careertell little about his character and nature. Warren certainly was
a good-natured man with a wry sense ot humor; his wit was much appreciated by his colleagues, especially when it was
directed toward bureaucracy and desk-bound fishery science. He had a gentle, self-deprecating charm that enabled him to
move as easily amongst fishemien and fishing industry representatives, the general public, students, and government
officials, as among his peers. I doubt that Warren Rathjen ever failed to respond to a request for information; he was
incredibly helpful to everyone and responded with the information requested, as well as with references to papers, and
names and addresses ofappropriate people in the field.
Warren's interests were broad, always associated in some way with the outdoors. He especially enjoyed sailing and
gardening. He was an avid photographer, particularly of fisheries gear and lighthouses, which were a favorite subject, (a
numberofhis lighthouse photographs were published, principally in Sea Frontiers). Warren also pursued an interest in the
history of fisheries, fishing boats and gear, and fishermen. He liked nothing better than to spin salty yams ("swap lies'")
with fishemien and sea-going fishery biologists. Finally. Warren was dedicated to conservation, and he served on the
Gloucester (MA) Conservation Commission.
The community of cephalopod researchers and squid fishery representatives and, indeed the broader range of marine
fisheries biologists, have lost too soon a productive and valued colleague and a loyal friend. But. having known him. we
have gained ever so much. Our condolences are expressed to those who lost the most, Warren's wife, Helga. and their
children, Diana and Lars, of whom he was very proud.
Clyde F. E. Roper
Dept. Invertebrate Zoology
National Museum Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560
PUBLICATIONS BY WARREN F. RATHJEN
Rathjen. W. F. 1955. The haul seiners. The New York State Conservationist. April-May 1955. p. 7
Rathjen. W. F. & L. C. Miller. 1957. Aspects ofthe early life history ofthe striped bass (Roccu.s saxalilis) in the Hudson River. New York Fish and
Game Journal. January 1957, pp. 44-60.
Deubler, E. E.. Jr. & W. F. Rathjen. 1958. Records of the flounder, Chascanopsetta liigubris Alcock, from the Western Atlantic. Copeiu. 1958,
(2):132-I33.
Berry, F. H. & W. F Rathjen. 1959. A new species of the boarfish genus Amigonia from the Western Atlantic. Quarterly Journal of the Florida
AcademyofSciences. 21(3):255-258.
Bullis. H. R.,Jr. & W. F Rathjen. 1959. Shnnipexploral^insoffsoutheastenicoastoftheUnitedStates(1956-1958). Ciimmfrc/ij/f/i/if'neiRfvieH',
21(6):l-20, plus appendi.\.
Rathjen, W. F. 1959. Experimental trawling for red snapper Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. IIth Annual Session. Nov.
1958. pp. 128-132.
Rathjen. W. F. I960. Sink gill-net fishing in New England. Commenuilh'isheriesReview. 22(11):16-19.
Rathjen. W, F. 1960. On the possible association between an archibethnic fish and a tunicate. Copeia. 1960. (4):354.
Rathjen. W. F. 1960. Arecordofthegempylidfish. Promeihicihyspromeihus, fromtheEastCoastofthe United States. Copeia. 1960, (4):357-358.
Rathjen, W. F. &J. L. Squire, Jr. 1960. The occurrence ofthe wahoo in the Northwest Atlantic. DeepSeaResearch. 7:220-221.
deSylva, D. P. & W. F. Rathjen. 1961. Life history notes on the little tuna, Euthynnusallelieraius, from the southeastern United States. Bulletin of
Marine Science ofthe GulfandCaribbean, 11(2);161-190.
Rathjen, W. F. & P. C. Wilson. 1961. Russian gill netterdocks in Boston. Mass. CommercialFisheriesReview. 23(9):41-43.
Rathjen, W. F. & L. A. Fahlen. 1962. Progress report on midwater trawling studies carried out off the New England coast in 1961 by the M/V
Delaware. CommercialFisheriesReview. 24(11):l-11. —
Rathjen, W, F. & J. B. Rivers. 1964. GulfofAlaska scallop explorations 1963. CommercialFisheriesReview. 26(3):l-7.
RHiattzh,jeCn-. RW. &F.W&. SF.. HR.athRjoegne.rs1.96159.65B.otTtVomeyteraswclainnsgsseuarvbeoytstoofmtfhoernnoerwtheraesstoeurrcneGs.ulFfisohfiAnlgaGsakzae.ttCeo.mmMearrccihal19F6i5s,he2ripeps.Review, 27(9):1-15.
Rathjen, W. F. & M. Yesaki. 1966. Alaska shrimpe—xplorations. 1962-1964. CommercialFisheriesReview. 28(4):1-14.
Rathjen, W. F. 1968. Exploratory Fishing Activities UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development Project Abstracts ofPapers Contributed to the
Symposiumon InvestigationsandResourcesoftheCaribbean SeaandAdjacent Regions. FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,
RathRjoenm,e.Wpp.F2.3M7.-2Y4e8s.aki & B Hsu 1969 Trawlfishlng potential offnortheastern South America. Proceedingsofthe Gulfand Canbbean Fisheries
Institute. 21st Annual Session, Nov. 1968. pp 86-110
CCaallddwweellll,, DD. KK..&W.WF.F.RaRtahtjhejnen&1B9.69C..UCn.reHcsour.de1d96W9e.stSuIrnidniaamn nReisdtlienygssaittesseaf.orItnhleerlmeialtihoenrablacTkunaincdahamwiksTboirltloisseeaStourctileesn,JDoeurrnmaolc.he3(N1s):c4o,r5i,ac2e3a.and
Erelmochelys i. imbricala. Copeia. 1969, (3):622-623.
Rathjen. W. F. & B. W. Halstead. 1969. Report on two fatalities due to stingrays. Toxicon, 6:301-302.
Rathjen, W. F. & J. R. Sullivan. 1970. West Indies Whaling. SeaFrontiers. 16(31:130-137.
Rathjen, W. F & B. C. C. Hsu. 1970. Sea bob fishery ofthe Guianas. CommercialFisheriesReview. 32(10):38-44.
Caldwell, D. K., W. F. Rathjen & M. C. Caldwell. 1971. Pilot whales mass stranded at Nevis, West Indies. Quarterly Journal Florida Academy of
Sciences, December. 1970, 33(4):241-243.
iii
In Memoriam; Warren F. Rathjen
Caldwell, D. K., M. C, Caldwell, W. F. Rathjen&J, R. Sullivan. 1971. Cetaceansfromthe lesserAntillean IslandofSaintVincent. Fisher.-Bulletin.
69(2)1303-312.
Caldwell, D. K., W. F. Rathjen & M. C. Caldwell. 1971. Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cmirostris. from Barbados. Bulletin of the Southern
California AcademyofSciences, 70(I):52-53.
Rathjen, W F. 1971. Exploratory fishing activities, UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development Project. Symposium on Investigations and Re-
sources oftheCaribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions. Paperson Fishery Resources. FAO, Rome, 237-248.
Rathjen, W. F. 1973. Northwest Atlantic squids. MarineFisheriesReview. 35(l2);20-26.
Serchuk, F. M. & W. F. Rathjen. 1974. Aspectsofthedistnbution and abundanceofthe long-finned squid. Loligopealei. betweenCape Hatterasand
Georges Bank. MurineFisheriesReview. 36(I):10-17.
Wolf, R. S. &W. F. Rathjen. 1974. ExploratoryfishingactivitiesoftheUNDP/FAOCanbbeanFishery DevelopmentProject. 1965-1971: asummary.
MarineFisheriesReview. 36(9):I-8.
Rathjen, W. F. 1974. New England Fisheries Development Program. MarineFisheriesReview. 36(II):23-30.
Lux, F. E., W. D. Handwork & W. F. Rathjen. 1974. The potential for an offshore squid fishery in New England. Marine Fisheries Review.
36(12);24-27.
Rathjen, W. F. 197?. Unconventional harvest. OCEANUS. I8(2):36-37.
Rathjen. W. F., R. T. Hanlon & R. F. Hixon. 1976. Is there a squid in your future'.' Proceedings ofthe Gulfand Caribbean Fishenes Institute, 28th
Annual Session, Nov. 1975, pp. 14-25. —
Rathjen, W. F. 1977. Fisheries development in New England a perspective. MarineFisheriesReview. 39(2):1-6.
Bakal, A., W. F. Rath|cn& J Mendelsohn. 1978. Oceanquahogtakessupply spotlightassurfclamdwindles. Food Product Development,Feb. 1978,
4 pp.
Rathjen, W. F. 1978. Commercial tishing: acentury ofchange. Northeastern Industnal World, 23(4):I4-I8.
Rathjen, W. F., R. F. Hi.xon & R. T. Hanlon. 1979. Squid fishery resources and development in the Northwest Atlantic and Gulfof Mexico. Pro-
ceedingsofthe Gulfand Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 31st Annual Session, Nov. 1978. pp. 145-157.
Rathjen, W. F. 1979. Experience in commercial development ofa squid factory. Abstract. Bulletin ofthe American Malacological Union, 1978, pp.
68-69.
Long, D. & W. F. Rathjen. 1980. Experimentaljigging for squid offthe Northeast United States. MarineFisheriesReview. 42(7-8):60-66.
Rathjen, W. F. 1981. Exploratory squidcatches along the continental slope oftheeastern United States. JournalofShellfishResearch. 1(2):153-159.
Rathjen, W. F. & D. W. Stanley. 1982. A harvesting and handling demonstration. Cape Ann. Massachusetts, (pp. 145-152). In: Proceedings ofthe
International Squid Symposium. Boston, MA. August 1981, New England Fishenes Development Foundation, 390 pp.
Lux, F. E., A. R. Ganz & W. F. Rathjen. 1982 Marking studies on the red crab Geryon quinquedens Smith off southern New England. Journalof
ShellfishResearch. 2(1):71-80.
Rathjen, W. F. 1983. Present statusofNorth American squid fisheries. Memoirs ofthe National Museum ofVictoria, No. 44:255-260
Rathjen, W. F. 1984. Squid fishing tech—niques. Gulfand South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Tampa, FL., 15 pp.
Rathjen, W. F. 1986. Alternate species fact offiction? (Abstract). 11th Annual Tropical and Subtropical FisheriesTechnological Conference ofthe
Americas. FloridaSeaGrantTechnical Paper45, p. 6.
Rathjen,W. F. &G. L. Voss. 1987. TheCephalopodFishenes: A Review, (pp. 253-275). In: Boyle, Ed. Cephalopod LifeCycles. Vol. II. Academic
Press, London, 441 pp
deSylva. D. P..W. F. Rathjen, J. B. Higman,J. A. Suarcz-Caabro&A. Ramirez-Flores. 1987. FishenesdevelopmentforunderutilizedAtlantictunas:
blackfin and little tunny. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-191. 411 pp.
Rathjen,W. F. 1989. OverviewofCephalopodHarvestandHandlingTechnology, (pp. 107-120). In:The FirstWoridCephalopodConference. March
13-15, Lisbon, Portugal. Publ by AGRA-EUROPE INFOFISH. London, 256pp.
Rathjen, W. F. in press. Cephalopodcapture methods: an overview. Bulletin ofMarineScience.
Roper,C. F. E. &W. F. Rathjen. inpress. World-widesquidfisheries:asummaryoflandingsandcapturetechniques JournalofCephalopodBiology.