Jews, Christians and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue: Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (Baltimore Studies in the History of Judaism) PDF
Preview Jews, Christians and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue: Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (Baltimore Studies in the History of Judaism)
JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND POLYTHEISTS IN THE ANCIENT SYNAGOGUE BALTIMORE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF JUDAISM Editorial Committee: Joseph Baumgarten George Berlin Steven Fine Robert O.Freedman Shimon Shokek JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND POLYTHEISTS IN THE ANCIENT SYNAGOGUE Cultural interaction during the Greco-Roman period Edited by Steven Fine London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1999 Selection and editorial matter, Steven Fine; individual contributions, the contributors The right of Steven Fine and the contributors to be identified as the Authors of this Work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jews, Christians, and polytheists in the ancient synagogue: cultural interaction during the Greco- Roman period/ edited by Steven Fine. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Synagogues—History—To 1500. 2. Synagogues. Samaritan —History—to 1500. 3. Gentiles in synagogues—History—To 1500. 4. Judaism—Relations—History—To 1500. 5. Judaism— History— Post-exilic period. 586 BC–210 AD I. Fine, Steven. BM653.J53 1999 98–37781 296.6’5’09014–dc21 CIP ISBN 0-203-98242-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-18247-6 (Print Edition) CONTENTS List of illustrations vii List of contributors x Preface by Steven Fine xii Acknowledgments xvii List of abbreviations xviii 1 Common Judaism and the synagogue in the first century 1 E.P.SANDERS 2 Was the synagogue a place of sabbath worship before 70 CE? 16 PIETER W.VAN DER HORST 3 The early history of public reading of the Torah 38 LAWRENCE H.SCHIFFMAN 4 The Rabbis and the non-existent monolithic synagogue 50 STUART S.MILLER 5 Art in the synagogue: some Talmudic views 62 JOSEPH M.BAUMGARTEN 6 The Patriarchate and the ancient synagogue 77 LEE I.LEVINE 7 Sage, priest, and poet: typologies of religious leadership in the ancient 89 synagogue MICHAEL D.SWARTZ 8 Samaritan synagogues and Jewish synagogues: similarities and 105 differences REINHARD PUMMER 9 The synagogue within the Greco-Roman city 143 TESSA RAJAK 10 The Dura Europos synagogue, early-Christian art, and religious life in 154 Dura Europos ROBIN M.JENSEN 11 Jews, Christians, and polytheists in late-antique Sardis 168 JOHN S.CRAWFORD 12 The Torah Shrine in the ancient synagogue: another look at the evidence 178 ERIC M.MEYERS 13 Non-Jews in the synagogues of late-antique Palestine: Rabbinic and 198 archeological evidence STEVEN FINE Index 215 ILLUSTRATIONS Maps A Ancient synagogues in the Diaspora xiii B Ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel xiv Figures 5.1ac Beth Alpha synagogue mosaic panels 63 5.2 Beth Alpha synagogue model 65 5.3 Scorpion from the Naaran synagogue mosaic, removed by 66 iconoclasts 5.4 Hammath-Tiberias synagogue mosaic 71 8.1 Tell Qasile: mosaic floor with Greek inscriptions 114 8.2 Tell Qasile: Greek mosaic inscription 115 8.3 Tell Qasile: inscription in Samaritan script 116 8.4 El-Khirbe: main hall, north wall, and pavement of the south 123 courtyard 10.1 Dura Europos synagogue: model of the atrium 155 10.2 Moses holding a biblical scroll 162 10.3 Aedicula, Dura Europos synagogue 163 11.1 Plan of the bath-gymnasium complex at Sardis, with the 169 synagogue on the southern side 11.2 Interior of the Sardis synagogue 170 11.3 Copper-alloy weighing device with a Maltese Cross, Sardis 171 11.4 Fragment of a marble plaque decorated with a menorah, Sardis 173 12.1 Khirbet Shema synagogue 185 12.2 Nabratein Torah Shrine aedicula 187 12.3 Ceramic rendering of a Torah Ark, Nabratein 189 13.1 Incense altar, Qa zyon 201
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