IS 4639-1: Petroleum Industry - Terminology, Part 1: Raw Materials and Products

18 Pages·2000·1.6 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 4639-1 (2000): Petroleum Industry - Terminology, Part 1:
Raw Materials and Products [PCD 3: Petroleum, Lubricants
and their Related Products]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
1S01998-1 :1998

Indian Standard
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY —TERMINOLOGY
PART 1 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
Revision )
(First
ICS 10.040.75; 75.080

0 BIS 2000
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
September 2000 Price Group 6
Petroleum Products Sectional Committee, PCD 3
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 1998-1 :1998 ‘Petroleum
industry —Terminology — Part 1 :Raw materials and products’ issued by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of
Petroleum Products Sectional Committee and approval of the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products
Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1968 with a view to eliminate the ambiguity arising from different
,
interpretations of terms used in petroleum trade and industry and to establish a generally recognized
terms. Since the industry has progressed manifolds over the years, need was felt to bring in
newer terms. The Committee, therefore decided to revise this standard to completely align with
ISO 1998-1 :1998 under the dual numbering system. Accordingly, the title has been changed as
‘Petroleum industry — Terminology : Part 1 Raw materials and products’.
It is envisaged to issue this standard in eight different parts, each dealing with a specific aspect. The
other parts in this series are as under:
Part 2 Properties and tests
Part 3 Exploration and production
Part 4 Refining
Part 5 Transport, storage, distribution
Part 6 Measurement
Part 7 Miscellaneous terms
Part 8 General and index
The English version of the text of ISO standard has been retained without deviations for publication as

Indian Standard. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.

Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be
read as ‘Indian Standard’.
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.
For tropical countries like India, the standard temperature and the relative humidity shall be taken as
27 ~ 20C and 65 * 5 percent respectively.
IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
ISO 1998-1:1998
hdian Standard
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — TERMINOLOGY
PART 1 RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
First Revision)
~
1 Scope 3Term numbering
.-
This part of ISO 1998 consists of a list of English The general classification and numbering system
terms, in use inthe petroleum industry to indicate used in ISO 1998 employs digits grouped in three
raw materials or petroleum products, together categories:
with the corresponding definitions in the two
X.yy,zzz
languages.
where
ISO 1998 is intended to cover the purposes of
the part of the petroleum industry dealing with x is the part number of ISO 1998, in this
crude oils and petroleum products, that means all case Part 1;
related operations arising from the production field
YY is the subcategory in which the term
to the final user. It is not intended to cover either
appears. Part 1 has 12 subcategories:
petroleum equipment, or any operation inthe field.
05 crude petroleum and feedstocks for
However, some pieces of equipment or some
refineries
operations of exploration and production are
15 gaseous products
de:ined. The corresponding terms were introduced
only when they appear in a definition of a product 20 light distillates and intermediary
or process and when their definition was found products
necessary for understanding or for avoiding any 30 marine fuels
ambiguity. Where a terminology of petroleum 40 bitumen and related products
equipment is needed, itcorresponds to the scope
60 middle viscosity products, lubricants
of ISO/TC 67, A4aferia/s, equipment and offshore
and related products
structures for petroleum and rratural gas
70 heavy distillates and residues
irrdustries.
75 paraffins and related products
80 solid and semi-solid products
2 Normative reference
90 additives
The following standard contains provisions which, 95 miscellaneous
through reference inthis text, constitute provisioils
99 acronyms
of this International Standard. At the time of
zzz isthe serial number of the individua! term.
publication, the edition indicated was valid. All
s?andards are subject to revision, and parties to
4 Index
agreements based on this International Standard
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
See ISO 1998-99.
applying the most recent edition of the standard
indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
5 Order of listing
maintain regidtds of current!y valid International
Standards.
Terms are listed in serial number order.
/S0 1998-99:—1) Petroleum indusfry——
Terminology—fart 99: General and index. 1.05 Crude petroleum and feedstocks for
refineries
1.05.000
——
petroleum
1) Tobepublished material consisting of, or derived from, a mixture
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IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
ISO 1998-1:1998
of liquid or semi-solid organic compounds, 1.05.080
principally hydrocarbons reduced crude
product obtained after removal, by atmospheric
1.05.005 distillation, of the light components of crude oil
crude oil
naturally occurring form of petroleum, mainly 1.05.90
occurring inaporous underground formation such topped crude
as sandstone long residue
crude oil which has been freed of gases, gasoline,
kerosine and gas oil
1.05.010
paraffinic crude
crude oil consisting essentially of paraffinic 1.05.100
feedstock
hydrocarbons and aromatic and naphthenic ring
primary material introduced into a plant for
compounds with paraffinic side chains
processing
NOTE Such crude may contain a high proportion ofsolid,
waxy material atambient temperature.
1.05.110
natural gas condensate
1.05.020
liquid fractions produced during cooling and
asphaltic crude
pressure operations inthe production of marketed
heavy crude oil containing a high proportion of
natural gas
asphaltenes, aromatics and naphthenes, and
which yields a residue suitable for the manufacture
1.05.120
of bitumens
shale oil
mineral oil obtained by the pyrolysis of oil-shale
1.05.030
naphthenic base crude
1.05.122
crude oil containing a substantial proportion of
asphaltic sands
naphthenes (cycloparaffins) in some or all of the bituminous sands
distillation fractions and residues oil sands
tar sands
1.05.040 sands impregnated with bitumen which can be
aromatic crude extracted by a solvent

crude oil with a higher content of aromatic

hydrocarbons than is generally found 1.05.130
synthetic crude
liquid hydrocarbons suitable for use as feedstock
1.05.050
toprimary refinery processing units as asubstitute
mixed crude
for crude oil, which may include, or be totally
intermediate crude
composed of, liquids from non-petroleum origin.
crude oil whose atmospheric distillates contain a
higher than normal proportion of aromatic
1.05.150
compounds
slops
slop
1.05.060
slop oil
sour crude
petroleum products that are contaminated or
crude oil containing a significant amount of
outside specification and require further treatment,
corrosive sulfur compounds reprocessing to make them suitable for use, or
disposal
1.05.070
non-corrosive crude 1.15 Gaseous products
sweet crude
crude oii having a low content of volatile sulfur 1.15.001
compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and natural gas
mercaptans gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane) from

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IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
ISO 1998-1:1998
underground deposits, the production of which 1.15.080
may be associated with that of crude petroleum liquefied petroleum gas
mixture of light hydrocarbons, consisting pre-
NOTE The gas isdescribed as “wet”or “dry”according to
the proportion ofreadily condensable hydrocarbons that it dominately of propane, propene, butanes and
contaij’ - This term also applies tothe purified product. butenes, that may be stored and handled in the
liquid phase under moderate conditions of
1.15.005
pressure and at ambient temperature
liquefied natural gas
natural gas maintained in the liquid state by
1.20 Light distillates and intermediate
increasing pressure or lowering temperature, to
products
facilitate its storage and transportation —
1.20.000
1.15.010
distillate
dry gas
any product obtained by condensation of the
gas that is free from liquid components under the
vapours of apetroleum product when itis distilled
conditions of pressure and temperature at which
under atmospheric pressure or under reduced
it is obtained or intended for use
pressure
1.15.020
NOTE Inthefirstcase, the product iscalled anatmospheric
sour gas
distillate and, inthe second case, avacuum distillate.
gas containing organic sulfur compounds that has
atendency to corrode metal equipment with which 1.20.002
it comes into contact under normal processing overhead
conditions overhead product
most volatile fraction of the feedstock, which
1.15.030 passes out of the top of a distillation column
refinery gas
gas originating in the processing of crude petro- 1.20.003
leum or feedstocks and comprising principally atmospheric distillate
hydrocarbons . cf. distillate (1.20.000)
1.15.040 1.20.004
tail gas vacuum distillate
gas produced as a minor component during cf. distillate (1.20.000)
refinery processing and normally disposed of as
fuel gas 1.20.010
condensate
1.15.050 liquid product resulting from the condensation of
bottled gas a vapour
liquefied petroleum gas stored under pressure in
suitable containers 1.20.011
extract
1.15.060 solvent-soluble component obtained from a
commercial butane petroleum distillate in a liquid-liquid solvent
mixture of hydrocarbons consisting essentially of extraction process
butanes and butenes
1.20.015
raffinate
1.15.070
solvent-insoluble component obtained from a
commercial propane
petroleum distillate in a liquid-liquid solvent
mixture of hydrocarbons consisting essentially of
extraction process
propane and propene
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IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
ISO 1998-1:1998
1.20.020 1.20.121
alkylate domestic kerosine
liquid hydrocarbon obtained from an alkylation kerosine designed for use on the domestic and
process commercial markets, generally for heating, lighting
and cooking
1.20.030
light distillate 1.20.122
naphthas and gasolines boiling below 230”C at
aviation kerosine
normal atmospheric pressure, and with a closed-
kerosine designed for use in aviation gas turbines
cup flash point below ambient temperature
cf. kerosine-type jet fuel (1.20.161)
—.
1.20.040
middle distillate 1.20.130
kerosines and gas oils boiling between approxi- gas-oil
mately 1500C and 400”C at ncrrnal atmospheric fuel oil US
pressure and having a closed-cup flash point middle distillate fuel, which may contain some
above 380C heavy distillate for specified applications
NOTE This distillate can be used toformulate automotive
1.20.050
gas-oil (1.20.131), heating gas-oils (1.20.132) and marine
lubricating oil distillate distillate fuels (1.30.010)
cut having a distillation range and viscosity such
that, after refining, it yields lubricating oil 1.20.131
automatize gas-oil
1.20.060 diesel fuel
heavy distillate gas-oil that has been specially formulated for use
distillate boiling predominately above 350”C in medium and high-speed diesel engines, mostly
at normal atmospheric pressure, it includes the used in the transportation market
heaviest fractions from atmospheric distillation,
NOTE His often referred toas “automotive diesel fuel”.
together with the distillate fractions obtained by
vacuum distillation
1.20.132 .
heating gas-oil
1.20.070 gas-oil that has been formulated for use in
waxy distillate domestic, commercial and industrial continuous-
distillate (normally vacuum) containing a relatively
combustion applications
Iarge amount of paraffin wax
NOTE Itisoften referred toas“heating oil”or“distillate fuel
oil”.
1.20.080
cracked distillate
1.20.140
unrefined distillate produced by cracking (cf.
natural gasoline
4.30.010, 4.30.020, 4.30.030, 4.30,040, 4.30.050
casing head gasoline
and 4.30.300)
low-boiling liquid petroleum product extracted frum
natural gas
1.20.101
special-boiling-point spirit NOTE Inits“wild”orunstabilized condition, itcontains fairly
fraction of petroleum naphtha having a relatively highproportions ofpropane and butane. The removal ofthe
propane yields astabilized gasoline.
narrow distillation range and special treated for
particular applications 1.20.141
sweet gasoline
gasoline that contains negligible amounts of
1.20.120
hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans and so gives a
kerosine
negative reaction in the doctor test.
distillate having a volatility intermediate between
that of gasoline and gasoil, with a closed flash
cf. doctor test (2.10.140)
point above 38°C

4
IS 4639 (Part 1) :2000
!S0 1998-1:1998
1.20.142 1.20.161
sour gasolines kerosine-type jet fuel
gasoline fraction that contains mercaptans and aviation gas turbine fuel having adistillation range
or hydrogen sulfide in quality leading to a positive which normally falls between 150*C and 300”C
reaction in the doctor test.
1.20.162
cf. doctor test (2.10.140)
high-flash-point jet fuel
aviation gas turbine fuel having adistillation range
1.20.143
which normally falls between 175°C and 300°C
motor gasoline
and a closed flash point above 60”C
gasoline US
petrol GB
1.20.163
gasoline with or without additives, notably
wide cut jet fuel
antiknock agents and inhibitors, for use as a fuel
aviation fuel composed of kerosine and naphtha
in automobile, stationary and other spark-ignition
fractions, with a boiling range between 30°C and
engines, except aircraft engines
300”C, and aclosed flash point substantially below
38°C
1.20.144
aviation gasoline
1.20.170
gasoline for use as afuel inspark-ignition aviation
white spirit
engines and having a distillation range usually
solvent of mineral origin, usually distilling between
within the limits of 30 ‘C and 180 “C
130”C and 220”C
1.20.145
1.20.180
straight-run gasoline
naphtha
distillate fraction, normally boiling within the range
light distillate containing no additive, having a
30 ‘C to 220 “C, obtained by the atmospheric
distillation range similar to gasoline
distillation of crude petroleum
1.20.190
1.20.146
petroleum ether
petroleum spirit
historical term, now designated as petroleum
Stoddard solvent US
spirit (1.20.1 46)

special-boiling-point spirit (1.20.101) com-

monly used inlaboratory applications, having high
1.20.200
volatility and low aromatics content
benzine
NOTE 1 The most commonly used grades have a boiling used in some countries for straight-run gasoline,
range of40 “Cto60 “Corof60 “Cto80 “C. not to be confused with benzene
NOTE 2 Historically, petroleum spirit was also used to
describe automotive gasoline (1.20.143). 1.30 Marine fuels
1.20.150
1.30.000
straight-run product
marine fuel
virgin product
petroleum fuel used for marine applications
product obtained from crude oil by distillation
without change to the structure of the component NOTE There are two categories of marine fuels :marine
molecules distillate fuels (1.30.010) and marine residual fuels
(1.30.020).
1.20.160
1.30.010
jet fuel
marine distillate fuels
petroleum distillate used as a source of energy in
gas oil and diesel fuel of petroleum origin meeting
systems of jet propulsion and by extension, fuel international limits on the flash point of fuels for
suitable for use in aircraft gas turbines
marine use
5