Iranistik, Zweiter Abschnitt: Literatur, Lieferung 1

212 Pages·1968·16.355 MB·German

HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK
ERSTE ABTEILUNG
IV. BAND, 2. ABSCHNITT, LIEFERUNG 1
HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK
Herausgegeben von B. SPULER
unter Mitarbeit von
H. FRANKE,J . GoNoA, H. HAMMITZSCHW, . HELCK,
J. E. VANL OHUIZEN-DEL EEuw und F. Vos
ERSTE ABTEILUNG
DER NAHE UND DER MITTLERE OSTEN
HERAUSGEGEBEVNO NB . SPULER
VIERTER BAND
IRANISTIK
ZWEITER ABSCHNITT
LITERATUR
LIEFERUNG 1
LEIDEN/KÖLN
J.
E. BRILL
1968
LITERATUR
LIEFERUNG 1
MIT BEITRAGEN VON
ILYAGERSHEVITCH • MARY BOYCE • OLAF HANSEN
BER TOLD SPULER • MARK J.D RESDEN
LEIDEN/KÖLN
E. J. BRILL
1968
Copyright 1968 by E. ]. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfi/m or
any other means without wrillen permission from the pub/isher
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
Old Iranian Literature (ILYAG ERSHEVITCH) l
Definition . 1
Median 2
Saka . . 3
Persian . 5
Avestan ro
Bibliography 28
Addendum . 30
Middle Persian Literature (MARYB OYCE} 32
I. Introductory . . . . . . . . . 32
2. The Sasanian Av esta with Zand 33
3. The later religious Writings . . 38
4. Visionary and apocalyptic Texts 48
5. Wisdom-literature 51
6. N on-didactic Poetry 55
7. Historical Writing 57
8. Political Treatises 60
9. Law-books . . . . 61
IO. Short Didactic Prose-works 62
II. Glossaries . . . . . . . . 64
12. Prose Works of Entertainment 64
13. The MS.-tradition . . . . . 65
The Manichean Literature in middle Iranian (MARYB oYCE} 67
1. Introductory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2. The canonical W orks and the Sabuhragän 69
3. Secondary Prose-works . . . . . . 71
4. Hymns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5. Glossaries, Lists and a secular Poem 75
Die Buddhistische und Christliche Literatur (OLAFH ANSEN} 77
1. Die Buddhistische Literatur der Chotansaken 77
2. Die Buddhistische Literatur der Sogdier . 83
3. Die Christliche Literatur der Sogdier . . . . 91
VI INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
Die historische und geographische Literatur in persischer Sprache
(BERTOLDS PULER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Das Entstehen einer islamischen Geschichtschreibung in persi-
scher Sprache im 10./12. Jh. . . · 103
Geographische Literatur . . . . II5
Fürstenspiegel und Staatsschriften n6
Die Mongolenzeit . . . . . . 122
Provinz- und Stadtgeschichten 136
Fürstenspiegel und Verwandtes 139
Literaturgeschichtliche Werke . 141
Biographien von Theologen usw. 143
Urkundensammlungen . . . . 145
Historiker der ~afaviden-Zeit (16./18. Jh.) 147
Die Kadscharen und die Dynastie Pahlawi 151
Iranische Geschichtschreibung ausserhalb Persiens in der Neuzeit 154
Mittelasien 156
Afghanistan 158
Indien . . 159
Kaukasien 163
Türkei . . 163
Abkürzungen 165
Literatur-Verzeichnis 166
Tabelle der hier verwandten Umschrift 167
Survey of the History of lranian Studies (Wissenschaftsgeschichte
der Iranistik) (M. J. DRESDEN) 168
I. Introduction . . . . . . 168
2. Archaeology and Art . . 169
3. Old Persian Inscriptions . 171
4. The Av esta . . . . . . 171
5. New Discoveries . . . . 173
6. The Integration of Old and New Materials 176
7. History and Geography . . . . . . . 177
8. The Rise of Interest in Persian Studies 177
9. The Oriental Societies . . . 180
10. France in the 19th Century 180
II. English Scholarship . 182
12. Germany 183
13. Russia 185
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS VII
14. Present Day Activities 185
15. The Future of Iranian Studies 189
Literature . . . . . 189
Register (URSULAS TEIER).

OLD IRANIAN LITERATURE
BY
IL YA GERSHEVITCH
Synopsis: DEFINITION 1; MEDIAN2 ; SAKA3 -4; PERSIAN5 -14: Writing 5-7, Darius 8-14; Epic 15;
AVESTAN1 6-43: The background 16, textual history 17-19, the Gä6äs 20-23, other Gä6ic texts
24, the Younger Avesta 25-28, the Yasts 28-34, authorship of the Yasts 35-37, secular epic 38,
the litanies 39, the Vendidad 40-43; BIBLIOGRAPHYA; DDENDUM.
DEFINITION
§ 1. The term 'Iranian' derives from the Old Iranian ethnical adjective
Aryana, itself a derivative and synonym of Arya. In the first half of the
first millenium B.C. many Indo European Arya tribes settled in the
territory which as a result of their occupation came to be called Iran.
With these Iranians the nomadic Sakas must be classed, although apart
from sporadic incursions they remained outside the territory of Iran.
Since Aryäna means 'Iranian', the modern term 'Indo-Aryan' has been
coined to denote those Arya tribes who had penetrated to the Punjab,
there to develop the literature of the Rig Veda. The close relationship
between Iranians and Indo-Aryans is conveniently expressed by the
statement that both groups together constitute the Indo-Iranian branch
of the Indo-European people. The present article is concerned with the
literary activity, including oral 'literature', of the Medes, the Sakas, the
ancient Persians, and the speakers of the Avestan language, as far as
their literary output either survives, or is referred to in ancient sources.
The Iranian affiliation of the peoples concerned results for the Medes
from Herodotus' statement (vii 62) that they wereonceuniversallycalled
'Iranians' (''AprnL}f, or the Persians from Darius' reference to himself as
'an Iranian (ariya) of Iranian (ariya) lineage' (N a 14), for the speakers
of Avestan from the ancient name of their country, Aryana VaeJah
'the expanse of the Iranians'. The Sakas, at least insofar as this name
applies to the Scythians (cf. Herodotus vii 64), the Sarmatians (Sauro
matians), the Alans, and certain nomad groups in Central Asia, are
thought to have been Iranian because (r) descendants of theirs in Central
Asia (at Khotan and Tumsuq) andin the Caucasus (the Ossetes) spoke,
respectively speak, Iranian languages, (2) some Scythian, and a large
number of Sarmatian proper names are obviously Iranian, and (3)
the name of the Alani, the immediate ancestors of the Ossetes, can be
Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abt. I, Bd. IV, Abschn. 2, Lfg. I I