IPv6 Essentials

438 Pages·2003·4.81 MB·English

by  Silvia Hagen

IPv6 Essentials
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SECOND EDITION
IPv6 Essentials
Silvia Hagen
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
IPv6 Essentials, Second Edition
by Silvia Hagen
Copyright © 2006, 2002 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
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[M]
Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1. Why IPv6? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The History of IPv6 3
What’s New in IPv6? 4
Why Do We Need IPv6? 5
Common Misconceptions 8
When Is It Time for IPv6? 10
IPv6 Around the World 12
IPv6 Status and Vendor Support 15
References 16
2. The Structure of the IPv6 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
General Header Structure 17
The Fields in the IPv6 Header 18
Extension Headers 22
References 34
3. IPv6 Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The IPv6 Address Space 35
Address Types 36
Address Notation 37
Prefix Notation 38
Global Routing Prefixes 39
Global Unicast Address 40
Special Addresses 44
Link- and Site-Local Addresses 48
Anycast Address 49
v
Multicast Address 51
Required Addresses 56
Default Address Selection 57
References 58
4. ICMPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
General Message Format 60
ICMP Error Messages 64
ICMP Informational Messages 69
Processing Rules 70
The ICMPv6 Header in a Trace File 71
Neighbor Discovery (ND) 73
Autoconfiguration 87
Network Renumbering 91
Path MTU Discovery 92
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) 93
Multicast Router Discovery (MRD) 98
References 99
5. Security with IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
General Security Concepts 101
General Security Practices 102
IPsec Basics 103
IPv6 Security Elements 108
Overview of New IPsec RFCs 115
Interaction of IPsec with IPv6 Elements 116
IPv6 Security “Gotchas” 116
Enterprise Security Models for IPv6 122
References 124
6. Quality of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
QoS Basics 128
QoS in IPv6 Protocols 130
Using QoS 135
References 135
7. Networking Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Layer 2 Support for IPv6 137
Detecting Network Attachment (DNA) 145
References 146
vi | Table of Contents
8. Routing Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
The Routing Table 149
RIPng 152
OSPF for IPv6 (OSPFv3) 163
BGP-4 Support for IPv6 201
Additional Routing Protocols for IPv6 214
References 222
9. Upper-Layer Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
UDP/TCP 224
DHCP 226
DNS 242
SLP 247
FTP 248
Telnet 250
Web Servers 250
References 252
10. Interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Dual-Stack Techniques 255
Tunneling Techniques 256
Network Address and Protocol Translation 278
Comparison 284
Integration Scenarios 286
Case Studies 288
What Is Missing? 301
Security Aspects 305
Applications 305
Cost of Introduction 306
Vendor Support 308
References 310
11. Mobile IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Overview 315
The Mobile IPv6 Protocol 319
ICMPv6 and Mobile IPv6 326
Mobile IPv6 Communication 329
Security 336
Extensions to Mobile IPv6 337
References 339
Table of Contents | vii
12. Get Your Hands Dirty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Linux 341
BSD 343
Sun Solaris 347
Macintosh 348
Microsoft 350
Cisco Router 354
Applications 359
Description of the Tests 359
A. RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
B. IPv6 Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
C. Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
viii | Table of Contents