Ionic Polymerizations and Related Processes PDF
Preview Ionic Polymerizations and Related Processes
Ionic Polymerizations and Related Processes NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The Series is published by lOS Press and Kluwer Academic Publishers, in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. A. Life Sciences lOS Press B. Physics Kluwer Academic Publishers C. Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D. Behavioural and Social Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers E. Applied Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers F. Computer and Systems Sciences lOS Press 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environmental Security Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy lOS Press 5. Computer Networking lOS Press NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly in the NATO ASI Series. An electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from internatonal scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM of the NATO ASI Series can be ordered from: PCO, Overijse, Belgium Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 359 lonic Polymerizations and Related Processes edited by Judit E. Puskas Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada assistant editors: Armin Michel and Shahzad Barghi (assisted by Christophe Paulo) Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Photographer: Gabor Kaszas Springer-Science+Business Media, B.v. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on lonic Polymerizations and Related Processes London, Ontario, Canada August1D-20, 1998 A C.I. P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7923-5812-1 ISBN 978-94-011-4627-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4627-2 Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Dedication This book is dedicated to two outstanding scientists of our community who recently passed away. Professor Ferenc Tiidos* was born in 1931. He studied chemistry at the University of Szeged (where Albert Szent-Gyorgyi isolated vitamin C, for which he received the Nobel Prize). He received his doctorate on polymerization kinetics from Leningrad Institute of Technology with Professor Smimov. He was one of the leading researchers in Hungary. He was merely 39 years old when the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) elected him to be a corresponding member. H~ was elected to be a regular member in 1982. He was Head of the Department of Chemical Technology, and Head of the Department of Macromolecular Chemistry at the Central Research Institute ofMTA. Professor Tiidos' research concentrated on polymerization kinetics; he developed the theory of "hot radicals", giving a unified approach to the kinetics of radical polymerizations, and is the co-inventor of the Kelen Tiidos method for the calculation of copolymerization reactivity parameters. His legacy is nearly a thousand publications, patents and lectures. He will live on in his work. Professor Reimund Stadler was born in 1956. He studied chemistry at the University of Freiburg, and did his doctorate on viscoelasticity and stress crystallization in thermoplastic elastomers with Professor W. Gronski. He was one of the fastest rising star in polymer science in Germany. From 1989 to 1997 he was a Professor of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry at the University of Mainz. In 1997 he joined the Faculty at the University of Bayreuth as Chair of the Department of Macromolecular Chemistry II. Professor Stadler's research concentrated on fundamental studies of structure-property relationships in thermoreversible and permanent networks. In his recent work with block copolymers he discovered new morphologies. His work is documented in a large number of publications. His untimely death shocked the scientific community, but he leaves a legacy that secures his place among the best and brightest. We sorely missed these two friends during the ASI. *On a personal note: the editor of this book would like to pay a special tribute to Professor Tiidos, who was one of her Ph. D. advisor. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT This ASI would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of the Organizing Committee: Professor Judit E. Puskas; Professor Oskar Nuyken, Professor Robson F. Storey Dr. Ron Commander, VP Butyl Technology Many thanks to the postdoc and student organizers affiliated with the Macromolecular Engineering Research Centre: Sumitra Angepat, Shahzad Barghi, Bryan Brister, Nathan Del Veccio, Keri Diamond, Brad Dochstader, Armin Michel, Christophe Paulo, Haihong Peng, Erac1is Tzaras Acknowledgement should also go to Conference Services of the University of Weste m Ontario (Karen Millard and Melanie Harvey) for the excellen accommodation, food and facilities. The Advanced Study Institute was generously supported by the Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and the editor gratefully acknowledges this sponsorship. Financial contribution from the following companies were greatly appreciated: Rubber Division, Bayer Inc. Canada Bayer AG, Germany Exxon Chemicals Co., USA Goodyear Tire&Rubber Co., USA BASF, Germany, USA WYA IT Technologies, USA Table of Contents PREFACE xiii PROGRAM xv LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xxiii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS (LECTURERS) xxxiii GROUP PHOTO xxxvii PART I: CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION Cationic Polymerizations at Elevated Temperatures by Novel Initiating 1 Systems Having Weakly Coordinating CounteranioDS. 1. High Molecular Weight Polyisobutylenes Z. Pi, S. Jacob, 1. P. Kennedy Cationic Polymerization: Industrial Processes and Applications 13 R.J. Pazur, UH Greve New Branched Polyisobutenes and Butyl Rubbers by the Inimer Method 31 G. Langstein, W. Obrecht, 1. E. Puskas, 0. Nuyken, M Grasmiiller, K Weiss *** Newer Aspects of Ph otoin itat ed Cationic Polymerization 45 1. V. Crivello Cationic Macromolecular Design using Non(homo)polymerizable 61 Monomers Y. C. Bae, S. Hadjikyriacou, H Schlaad, R. Faust Segmented Polymer Networks by Cationic Polymerization: 75 Design and Applications F. E. Du Prez, E. J. Goethals Rate Constants and Reactivity Ratios in Carbocationic Polymerizations 99 HMayr x Photochemically Induced Cationic Photopolymerization of 117 Vinyl Ethers and Oxethanes 0. Nuyken. M Ruile Kinetics of the Living Polymerization of Isobutylene 143 IE. Puskas. MG. Lanzendorjer, H. Peng, A. Michel, L.B. Brister, C. Paulo Kinetics and Mechanism of Living Cataionic Polymerization of Olefms 161 R. F. Storey, C. L. Curry, T. L. Maggio Stopped-flow Technique and Cationic Polymerization Kinetics 177 IP. Vairon B. Charleux, M Moreau Photo initiated Cationic Polymerization. 205 Y. Yqgci PART II: ANIONIC AND OTHER RELATED PROCESSES A Forgotten Class of High Tg Thermoplastic Materials: Anionic 219 Copolymers of Styrene and 1,I-Diphenylethylene. Synthesis, Toughening and Block Copolymerization with Butadiene K. Knoll, M Schneider, S. Oepen *** Control of Active Centers Reactivity in the High Temperature 223 Bulk Anionic Polymerization of Hydrocarbon Monomers A. DefJieux. P. DesBois, M Fontanille, V. Warzelhan, S. wtsch, C. Schade Arborescent Polymers: Highly Branched Homo-and Copolymers 239 with Unusual Properties M Gauthier Similarities and Discrepancies between Controlled Cationic and Radical 259 Polymerizations K. Matyjaszewski Recent Developments in Anionic Synthesis of Model Graft Copolymers 269 J.W; Mays xi Kinetics of Elementary Reactions in Cyclic Ester Polymerization 283 S. Penczek. A. Duda, R. Szymanski, J. Baran, J. Libiszowski, A. Kowalski Synthesis and Properties of Amphiphilic and Functional 301 Copolymers and Networks R. Ve/ichkova, D. Christova, /. Panchev, V.Gancheva ......... Modeling, Simulation and Control of Polymerization Processes: 325 Some Aspects for Tailored Synthesis A.F. Johnson. R. G. Gosden, Z. G. Meszena CONFERENCE PHOTOS 351 PREFACE This ASI was the fIrst ever in the fIeld of ionic polymerizations. The ASI provided an excellent opportunity for internationally recognized academic and industrial researchers to discuss and debate the latest developments in ionic polymerizations. The major focus was on cationic polymerizations, but related anionic and controlled radical processes were also discussed. This ASI also provided the opportunity for graduate students and young scientists to meet and have discussions with international experts, whose names they were familiar with from the literature, but whom they had never met before. The general impression shared by the participants was that this ASI served as a excellent forum for new results never presented before, giving rise to a very exciting two weeks. The structure of the ASI, with an entire day devoted to industrial lectures, made it possible to provide an excellent interface between academe and industry. The poster session was very successful, leading to interesting discussions and new ideas. True to the tutorial spirit of the ASI, the lectures included background information on the specifIc areas discussed; this feature of the ASI was particularly appreciated by the graduate students and young researchers. These young people also thrived on the opportunity to serve as moderators of the sessions, a task usually reserved for senior researchers. In sum, the ASI was a very positive experience for all attendees. This book contains the main lectures. The papers are a combination of review tutorial and new results. The editors hope that this book will become a resource material for years to come. Judit E. Puskas 1999 February xiii
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