Introduction to Algal Fuel LCA in GREET1_2011

27 Pages·2011·0.81 MB·English

by  Michael Wang

Introduction to Algal Fuel LCA in
GREET1_2011

Edward Frank, Michael Wang, Jeongwoo Han, Amgad
Elgowainy, and Ignasi Palou-Rivera

Center for Transportation Research
Argonne National Laboratory

GREET Workshop

Argonne, IL
Dec. 7-8, 2011
Plan
 Introduction and motivation
 Architecture and workflow
 Demo #1
 Examining pre-configured pathway: Basics
• Details to be covered by Jeongwoo separately
 Where to find results and highest level configuration
 Quick tour of APD worksheets
 Key concepts in APD
 Demo #2
 Nutrients
 Configure a new model and run it
2
Supporting Documents: LCA Report and User Manual
 Available at http://greet.es.anl.gov/publications
Motivation and Architecture
 Can algal biofuels meet GHG reduction APD
goals? • System definition
 Must compare to other transportation • Technology selection
pathways • Direct energy for op’s
• Performance parameters

• Nutrient tools
 Challenges for algae LCAs
 Many algae scenarios & process options
 Facilitate community LCAs Summarize
&

Copy
 Algae Process Description (APD)
 Assists GREET
GREET
 Allows rapid definition of pathway
• Co-product treatment
 New processes easy to add
• Transport & distribution
 Assembles model and passes back to • Upstream treatment
GREET for LCA • Fuel and vehicle
• Results
4
What You Can Do with GREET and APD

 Assemble algae production model from process inventory
 Compute total energy use
 Fossil: petroleum, natural gas, and coal
 Renewable energy: biomass, nuclear, hydro, wind, and solar
 Compute total greenhouse gases (GHGs)
 CO CH and N O individually
2, 4, 2
 CO e of the three including C in CO and VOC
2
 Compute total criteria pollutants
 VOC, CO, NO PM PM and SO
x, 10, 2.5, x
 Study many vehicle/fuel systems
 Compare algae results with many other feedstocks, fuels,
and vehicles
5
Algae LCA System Boundary
Energy & Materials
Emissions
to Air
from all
Fertilizer
Production
Algae & Lipid Lipid BD, RD, Fuel Fuel Combustion
Oil
Production Transport RG Production Transport in Vehicles
CO2
Supply
Residue N O from
2
Transport Soil
Electricity, Glycerin,
Soil Amendments, Heavy Oils
Co-products
Biogas, Fuel Gas
Feed

 System boundary currently excludes infrastructure materials and land-use
change
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Pre-configured Pathway- See Reports for Details
Recovered H20
Urea
Bio- DAF & Homogenizer,
DAP Open pond Transport
0.5 Flocculation 10 Centrifuge 200 g/L Hexane Extraction oil
Flue gas
g/L g/L
Lipid-extracted
Algae
Recovered CO2 Biogas Anaerobic
CHP
Clean-up Digestion
N,P in liquid N, P in solids
Transport
Electricity Soil Amendment
 Baseline: As shown
 Low-A: Catalytic hydrothermal gasification rather than AD
 Low-B: Different performance parameters
7
Fossil Energy and GHG Results
GHG Emissions PTW Fossil Energy Use PTW
WTP WTP
WTW
1400000
120000 120000
101,234
100000 100000 1200000
D 80000 80000 D 1000000
B B
-UT 60000 55,440 60000 -UT 800000
B B
m m 1,000,000
m / 40000 40000 m / 600000 0
e U
-2 20000 20000 TB
O 400000
C
g
0 0 548,329
Conventional LS Algae BD 200000
-20000 Diesel -20000 215,388
0
-40000 -40000 Conventional LS Diesel Algae BD
 Baseline scenario has significant GHG reduction
 Accurate treatment of recovery (AD, CHP) is essential
 128,000 BTU-electricity imported (fossil) per mmBTU of biofuel
 Would be 514,000 BTU-electricity without AD recovery
 76% of N and 100% of P recovered
8
Two Possible Workflows
1) Study pre-configured algae pathway
 Three options configured in GREET
• See Technical Report for detailed description

2) Define Custom Algae Pathways
 Change unit-operation parameters in default configuration
 Choose different unit-operations
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Workflow for Pre-configured Pathway
Set values on • Set feedstock in Sec. 8.1 to, “algae.”
GREET inputs tab
• Consider share in BD, Sec. 11.1
Set values on
• Co-product treatment, transportation
GREET algae tab
View results
• Vehicle and fuel
in GREET
Done?
No
All work is performed in GREET
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