Interpretations of History: Confucius to Toynbee

261 Pages·2016·7.017 MB·English

by  Alban G Widgery

AI INTERPRETATIONS
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ISBN 978-1-138-19263-8
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www.routledge.com(cid:15)aninformabusiness
ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
HISTORIOGRAPHY
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INTERPRETATIONS OF HISTORY
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Firstpublishedin1961byGeorgeAllen&UnwinLtd
Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2016
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
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0 ©1961AlbanG.Widgery
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y Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilised
ar inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownor
u hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformation
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2 trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto
8 infringe.
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6: BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
1 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
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a
] ISBN:978-1-138-99958-9(Set)
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g ISBN:978-1-315-63745-7(Set)(ebk)
e ISBN:978-1-138-19261-4(Volume29)(hbk)
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ISBN:978-1-138-19263-8(Volume29)(pbk)
n ISBN:978-1-315-63982-6(Volume29)(ebk)
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a, Publisher’sNote
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r pointsoutthatsomeimperfectionsintheoriginalcopiesmaybeapparent.
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INTERPRETATION§
OFHI§TORY
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LONDON
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GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN L TO
RUSKIN HOUSE MUSEUM STREET
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1961
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. Apart
from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the
Copyright Act, 1956, no portion may be reproduced by
7 any process without written permission. Enquiry should be
1 made to the publisher.
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D PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
in II on 12 pt. /anson
BY SIMSON SHAND LTD
LONDON, HERTFORD AND HARLOW
To the Memory of
JAMES WARD
Late Professor of Mental Philosophy
in the University of Cambridge
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PREFACE
What is the nature of human history? What meaning or mean-
ings has it, if any?
Consideration of those questions has occupied me for a great
part of a long life. Many answers have been given to them in the
7 course of history. Some, implied in the great religions and in
1
0 forms of civilization, have been and are still widely held. Others
2
y have been maintained by individual thinkers and particular
ar groups, especially in the Occident. In the present volume I give
u
r an account of the chief of these as illustrative of some of the
b
e possible answers. My exposition is only incidentally critical. In
F
0 a later volume I hope to present my own conclusions as to them.
2
8 Whatever erudition there may be in or behind this work, it is
1 not meant primarily for scholars, though some may find it
:
6
1 useful to have together what I have assembled in it. The ques-
at tions concern everyone, and the intelligent may be expected to
o] be interested in answers already proposed to them. Young
g
e historians and philosophers might learn much from this account.
i
D With one exception, detailed references have not been given.
n They might be distracting. The exception is for Arnold ].
a
S
Toynbee's The Study of History, inserted because of the wide
ia, range over ten volumes. Any who need other references should
n
r have no difficulty in tracing them. A few recent works on the
o
if subject have not been described, either because they are well
l
a
C enough known or because I am not convinced of their
f significance.
o
y Even with its limitations, the scope of this book is still wide.
t
si Friends have read chapters in particular fields in which they are
r
e specialists: Chapter I, Dr Wing-Tsit Chan, Professor of Chinese
v
ni Culture, Dartmouth College; II and IV, the late Dr]. T. Manry,
U
Professor of Philosophy, Forman College, Lahore, Pakistan; III,
[
y Dr H. M. Poteat, Professor of Latin, Wake Forest College;
b
d V, Dr Waldo Beach, Professor of Christian Ethics, Duke
e
d University; VI, Dr E. W. Nelson, Professor of History, Duke
a
o University; VII, Dr W. E. Hocking, Professor (emeritus) of
l
n
w Philosophy, Harvard University; VIII, Dr Vergilius Ferm,
o Professor of Philosophy, The College of Wooster. Dr Arnold].
D
T oynbee read the section on his work in Chapter IX. I express
my thanks to these for their comments and suggestions. They
are not to be regarded as necessarily accepting the views
presented.
It was the late James Ward, Professor of Mental Philosophy