Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Dynamic Perspective

280 Pages·2015·3.79 MB·English

by  René van der Duim

René van der Duim · Machiel Lamers
Jakomijn van Wijk Editors
Institutional
Arrangements
for Conservation,
Development and
Tourism in Eastern and
Southern Africa
A Dynamic Perspective
Institutional Arrangements for Conservation,
Development and Tourism in Eastern
and Southern Africa

René van der Duim (cid:129) Machiel Lamers
Jakomijn van Wijk
Editors
Institutional Arrangements
for Conservation,
Development and Tourism
in Eastern and Southern
Africa
A Dynamic Perspective
Editors
René van der Duim Machiel Lamers
Environmental Sciences Social Sciences
Wageningen University Wageningen University
Wageningen , The Netherlands Wageningen , The Netherlands
Jakomijn van Wijk
Maastricht School of Management
Maastricht , The Netherlands
ISBN 978-94-017-9528-9 ISBN 978-94-017-9529-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9529-6
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956557
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
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Pref ace
This book is about institutional arrangements at the intersection of conservation,
development and tourism. More specifi cally, it discusses and compares distinctive
arrangements in eastern and southern Africa, ranging from conservancies in
Namibia, community-based organizations in Botswana, tourism-conservation
enterprises in Kenya, private game reserves in South Africa and sport hunting in
Uganda, to transfrontier conservation areas.
This book project is a spin-off of a research project on tourism-conservation
enterprises in Kenya, sponsored by the Netherlands Organization for Scientifi c
Research’s program on Responsible Innovation (NWO-MVI). During this project,
we realized that the organizational form of tourism-conservation enterprises is just
one example of an institutional arrangement that intends to address the challenges
associated with the ‘fortress’ conservation model that has long dominated the
conservation agenda in Africa. Moreover, we recognized that the emergence of
novel institutional arrangements do not occur in a vacuum. Not only do conservation
professionals switch jobs to other conservation NGOs, exchange ideas, experiences
and practices at conferences and workshops and through participation in scholarly
research projects, they are also embedded in different conservation and development
discourses that guide their work. Finally, we noted how transformations in the
conservation-development-tourism arrangements and their contributions to wildlife
and habitat protection and people’s well-being are assessed differently, from
optimistic to critical. By bringing together different case studies on institutional
arrangements at the intersection of conservation, development and tourism, we
thus aimed to present an overview of the diversity of institutional arrangements
currently at play in eastern and southern Africa. We are very grateful for the expertise
provided by the authors, as without their contribution we would not have been able
to fulfi ll this objective.
T he introduction chapter sets the stage for a range of detailed case studies,
which share experiential knowledge of the potential benefi ts and pitfalls of each
arrangement, and in so doing provide managerial insights. The concluding chapter
v
vi Preface
compares and contrasts the institutional arrangements featuring in this book and
explores what developments may prompt transformations in these arrangements
in the next decades.
T his book is intended both for those scholars and students interested in the role of
tourism to leverage conservation impacts and alleviate poverty and for practitioners
in nature conservation and development organizations, community-based organiza-
tions, donor organizations, tourism ventures, and governmental bodies. Finally, by
presenting an overview of different arrangements that link the commercial activity
of tourism with nature conservation and poverty reduction goals, the book also
speaks to a growing group of social entrepreneurs and social impact investors.
This book is the product of the broader research and teaching agendas on tourism,
conservation and development at both the Maastricht School of Management and
Wageningen University, the latter also having been sponsored by the World Wildlife
Fund Netherlands, IUCN National Committee of the Netherlands, CORDAID and
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. Next to these sponsors, we are grateful to the support
of the Netherlands Organization for Scientifi c Research. With this book we hope to
contribute to the understanding of contemporary changes in nature conservation,
development and tourism in eastern and southern Africa.
Wageningen , The Netherlands René van der Duim
Machiel Lamers
Maastricht , The Netherlands Jakomijn van Wijk
Contents
1 Novel Institutional Arrangements for Tourism, Conservation
and Development in Eastern and Southern Africa .............................. 1
René van der Duim , Machiel Lamers , and Jakomijn van Wijk
2 From Exploitation to Ownership: Wildlife- Based Tourism
and Communal Area Conservancies in Namibia ................................. 17
Brian T. B. Jones , Richard W. Diggle , and Chris Thouless
3 The Tsiseb Conservancy: How Communities, the State
and the Market Struggle for Its Success ............................................... 39
Renaud Lapeyre
4 Community-Based Natural Resource Management
in Botswana.............................................................................................. 59
Joseph E. Mbaiwa
5 Community Empowerment Through Community-Based
Tourism: The Case of Chobe Enclave Conservation
Trust in Botswana ................................................................................... 81
Moren T. Stone
6 Private Game Reserves in Southern Africa .......................................... 101
Wouter van Hoven
7 False Legitimacies: The Rhetoric of Economic
Opportunities in the Expansion of Conservation
Areas in Southern Africa ........................................................................ 119
Sarah A. Bologna and Marja Spierenburg
8 Hunting for Conservation? The Re-introduction
of Sport Hunting in Uganda Examined ................................................ 139
Amos Ochieng , Wilber Manyisa Ahebwa ,
and Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers
vii
viii Contents
9 The Evolution and Progression of Transfrontier
Conservation Areas in the Southern African
Development Community ....................................................................... 157
John Hanks and Werner Myburgh
10 The Selous-Niassa Transfrontier Conservation Area
and Tourism: Evolution, Benefits and Challenges ............................... 181
Christine Noe
11 Promoting Conservation Tourism: The Case of the African
Wildlife Foundation’s Tourism Conservation Enterprises
in Kenya ................................................................................................... 203
Jakomijn van Wijk , Machiel Lamers , and René van der Duim
12 Implementing Tourism-Conservation Enterprises:
A Comparison of Three Lodges in Kenya ............................................. 219
Machiel Lamers , René van der Duim , Rita Nthiga ,
Jakomijn van Wijk , and Swen Waterreus
13 A Dynamic Perspective on Institutional Arrangements
for Tourism, Conservation and Development in Eastern
and Southern Africa ................................................................................ 239
Jakomijn van Wijk , Machiel Lamers , and René van der Duim
Index ................................................................................................................. 261
Contributors
Dr. Wilber Manyisa Ahebwa i s a Senior Lecturer and Coordinator, External
Relations, Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University,
and is the current Chair of Atlas Africa. He holds a Ph.D. in Tourism, Conservation
and Development. His research interests are in sustainable tourism, tourism, conser-
vation and development, entrepreneurship in tourism, tourism business manage-
ment as well as tourism planning and policy analysis. He is also a tourism
consultant.
Dr. Sarah A. Bologna h olds a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of
Cape Town. The focus of her work is at the nexus of environment, conservation and
development, exploring the interface between people, nature and resource use. She
is particularly interested in the political ecology of southern Africa and the complex
issues around climate change, human rights and associated social, economic and
environmental policies that highlight the challenges and contradictions within the
arena of international development. She lived and worked in South Africa for
12 years and is now based in Ireland.
Richard W. Diggle holds an M.Sc. in Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable
Development from University of Greenwich. He currently works as the Business/
CBNRM Specialist for WWF in Namibia. His focal interests and experience in the
CBNRM program are in joint venture partnerships between communities and private
sector and also more general issues around common resource management practices
and community rights and responsibilities.
Dr. John Hanks h olds a Ph.D. from Cambridge, and has 45 years of experience in
several African countries. Posts he held include: Chief Professional Offi cer for the
Natal Parks Board, Professor and Head of the Department of Biological Sciences
and fi rst Director of the Institute of Natural Resources at the University of Natal,
Director of the Africa Program for WWF-I, Chief Executive of WWF-SA and fi rst
Executive Director of the Peace Parks Foundation.
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