Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn: Expert Consult - Online and Print (INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN INFANT), 7 Ed PDF
Preview Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn: Expert Consult - Online and Print (INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN INFANT), 7 Ed
Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant S E EVENTH DITION J S. R , ACK EMINGTON MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine, DivisionofInfectiousDiseasesandGeographicalMedicine, StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Stanford, California, Marcus Krupp Research Chair Emeritus, Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California J O. K , EROME LEIN MD Professor of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts CHRISTOPHER B. WILSON, MD Director, Discovery Global Health Program Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington VICTOR NIZET, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacy, University of California,SanDiegoSchoolofMedicine,SkaggsSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, California YVONNE A. MALDONADO, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Health Research and Policy, Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Berger-Raynolds Packard Distinguished Fellow, Lucile Salter Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, California 1600JohnF.KennedyBlvd. Ste1800 Philadelphia,PA19103-2899 ISBN:978-1-4160-6400-8 INFECTIOUSDISEASESOFTHEFETUSANDNEWBORNINFANT,7E Copyright©2011,2006,2001,1995,1990,1983,1976,bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Permissionsmaybesoughtdirectly fromElsevier’sHealthSciencesRightsDepartmentinPhiladelphia,PA,USA.phone:(þ1)2152393804, fax:(þ1)2152393805,e-mail:[email protected] on-lineviatheElsevierhomepage(http://www.elsevier.com),byselecting“CustomerSupport”andthen “ObtainingPermissions.” Notice Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourknowledge,changesinpractice,treatmentanddrugtherapymaybecomenecessaryor appropriate.Readersareadvisedtocheckthemostcurrentinformationprovided(i)onprocedures featuredor(ii)bythemanufacturerofeachproducttobeadministered,toverifytherecommended doseorformula,themethodanddurationofadministration,andcontraindications.Itisthe responsibilityofthepractitioner,relyingonhisorherownexperienceandknowledgeofthepatient, tomakediagnoses,todeterminedosagesandthebesttreatmentforeachindividualpatient,andtotake allappropriatesafetyprecautions.Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernorthe Editorsassumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyarisingoutofor relatedtoanyuseofthematerialcontainedinthisbook. ThePublisher LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Infectiousdiseasesofthefetusandnewborninfant/[editedby]JackS.Remington...[etal.].–7thed. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4160-6400-8 1.Communicablediseasesinnewborninfants.2.Communicablediseasesinpregnancy–Complications. 3.Fetus–Diseases.4.Neonatalinfections.I.Remington,JackS.,1931- [DNLM:1.CommunicableDiseases.2.FetalDiseases.3.Infant,Newborn,Diseases.4.Infant, Newborn.WC100I422011] RJ275.I542011 618.92001–dc22 2010014728 AcquisitionsEditor:JudithA.Fletcher DevelopmentalEditor:RachelMiller ProjectManager:JagannathanVaradarajan DesignDirection:StevenStave PublishingServicesManager:HemamaliniRajendrababu PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Lastdigitistheprintnumber: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Those Most Dear to Us Francoise J.S.R. Linda, Andrea, Bennett, Adam, Zachary, Alex, Evan, and Dana J.O.K. Sherryl, Alyssa and Bryan, Amelia and Floyd, and Helen C.B.W. To my parents, Pierre and Maria; Christine, Oliver and Alex V.N. Lauren, Stephen, Lindsey, Alfonso and Aida, Ann, and Ramiro Y.A.M. And to the mentors, colleagues, fellows, and students who have enriched our academic and personal lives, and to the physicians and the women and infants with infectious diseases for whom they care Silence The gentle silence of the dandelion seed floating on a wisp of warm air of the violet opening to the morning sun of the motion of the butterfly’s wings as it sucks the nectar of a cherry blossom The silence is broken by the cries of all of the infants destroyed and the anguish of their mothers whose tears cannot reverse what the organism has wrought The quiet silence of the womb harboring an unborn child awaiting its first breath of deserved normality Not the sad silence of deafness or of retardation or of blindness Nor of the sad silence of the grave How can we silence the sad silence? Jack (2005) vi LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Stuart P.Adler,MD WilliamBritt,MD AndreaT.Cruz,MD,MPH Professor CharlesA.AlfordEndowedChairinPediatric AssistantProfessorofPediatrics DepartmentofPediatrics InfectiousDiseases BaylorCollegeofMedicine; VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity Professor AttendingPhysician MedicalCollegeofVirginiaCampus DepartmentofPediatrics,Microbiology,and DepartmentofPediatrics Richmond,Virginia Neurobiology TexasChildren’sHospital UniversityofAlabamaSchoolofMedicine Houston,Texas CharlesA.Alford,Jr.,MD† Birmingham,Alabama ProfessorEmeritus CarlT.D’Angio,MD DepartmentofPediatrics JamesD.Cherry, MD,MSc AssociateProfessor UniversityofAlabamaSchoolofMedicine DistinguishedProfessorofPediatrics PediatricsandMedicalHumanities Birmingham,Alabama DepartmentofPediatrics UniversityofRochester DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineatUCLA; SchoolofMedicineandDentistry; AnnM.Arvin,MD AttendingPhysician AttendingNeonatologist Professor DepartmentofPediatrics GolisanoChildren’sHospital DepartmentofPediatricsand DivisionofInfectiousDiseases UniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter MicrobiologyandImmunology MattelChildren’sHospitalatUCLA Rochester,NewYork StanfordUniversity LosAngeles,California Stanford,California GaryL.Darmstadt,MD,MS ThomasG.Cleary,MD Director,FamilyHealth ElizabethD.Barnett,MD Professor GlobalHealthProgram AssociateProfessorofPediatrics CenterforInfectiousDiseases BillandMelindaGatesFoundation BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine DivisionofEpidemiology Seattle,Washington SectionofPediatricInfectiousDiseases UniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth BostonMedicalCenter Houston,Texas ToniDarville,MD Boston,Massachusetts ProfessorofPediatricsandImmunology SusanE.Coffin,MD,MPH DepartmentofPediatricInfectiousDiseases CatherineM.Bendel,MD AssociateProfessorofPediatrics UniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter; AssociateProfessor DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Chief,InfectiousDiseases DepartmentofPediatrics UniversityofPennsylvaniaSchool DepartmentofPediatrics UniversityofMinnesota ofMedicine; Children’sHospitalofPittsburgh Minneapolis,Minnesota HospitalEpidemiologistandMedical Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania Director,InfectionPrevention&Control DanielK.Benjamin,Jr.,MD,PhD,MPH Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphia GeorgeDesmonts,MD† ProfessorofPediatrics Philadelphia,Pennsylvania Chief(Retired) DukeUniversity LaboratoiredeSe´rologieNe´onataleetde Durham,NorthCarolina Louis Z.Cooper,MD RecherchesurlaToxoplasmose ProfessorEmeritusofPediatrics InstitutdePue´riculture RobertBortolussi,MD,FRCPC DepartmentofPediatrics Paris,France Professor CollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons DepartmentofPediatricsand ofColumbiaUniversity SimonDobson,MD,MBBS,MRCP[UK],FRCPC Microbiology&Immunology NewYork,NewYork DepartmentofPediatrics DalhousieUniversity; DivisionofInfectious MedicalStaff JamesE.Crowe,Jr., MD &ImmunologicalDiseases DepartmentofPediatrics IngramProfessorofResearch UniversityofBritishColumbia; IWKHealthCentre DepartmentofPediatrics AttendingPhysician Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada MicrobiologyandImmunology BritishColumbiaChildren’sHospital VanderbiltUniversitySchoolofMedicine; Vancouver,BC,Canada JohnS.Bradley,MD Director ProfessorofClinicalPediatrics VanderbiltVaccineCenter MorvenS.Edwards,MD DepartmentofPediatrics VanderbiltUniversitySchoolofMedicine ProfessorofPediatrics DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Nashville,Tennessee BaylorCollegeofMedicine; UniversityofCalifornia; AttendingPhysician Director TexasChildren’sHospital DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases Houston,Texas RadyChildren’sHospital SanDiego,California {Deceased vii viii LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS JoanneE.Embree,MD,FRCP(C) WikromKarnsakul, MD TimothyL.Mailman,MD,FRCPC ProfessorandHead AssistantProfessor AssociateProfessorofPediatrics DepartmentofMedicalMicrobiology DepartmentofPediatrics DepartmentofPediatrics UniversityofManitoba; DivisionofPediatricGastroenterologyand DalhousieUniversity; SectionHead Nutrition Chief,DepartmentofPathologyand PediatricInfectiousDiseases JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine LaboratoryMedicine DepartmentofPediatricsandChildHealth Baltimore,Maryland DepartmentofPathologyand Children’sHospital LaboratoryMedicine Winnipeg,Manitoba,Canada JeromeO.Klein,MD IWKHealthCentre ProfessorofPediatrics Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada AmyJ.Gagnon,MD BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine Instructor/Fellow,Maternal-FetalMedicine MaxwellFinlandLaboratoryforInfectious YvonneA.Maldonado,MD DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology Diseases ProfessorofPediatricsandHealthResearch UniversityofColoradoDenverSchoolof BostonMedicalCenter andPolicy Medicine Boston,Massachusetts Chief,DivisionofPediatricInfectious Aurora,Colorado Diseases WilliamC.Koch,MD,FAAP,FIDSA StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine Michael A.Gerber,MD AssociateProfessorofPediatrics Berger-RaynoldsPackardDistinguished ProfessorofPediatrics DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Fellow UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine; VirginiaCommonwealthUniversitySchoolof LucileSalterChildren’sHospitalatStanford Attending,DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Medicine; PaloAlto,California CincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedical AttendingPhysician Center VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity RimaMcLeod,MD Cincinnati,Ohio Children’sMedicalCenter Professor,TheUniversityofChicago Richmond,Virginia DepartmentsofSurgery(Ophthalmology& AnneA.Gershon,MD VisualScience)andPediatrics(Infectious Professor TobiasR.Kollmann,MD,PhD Diseases) DepartmentofPediatrics DepartmentofPediatrics CommitteeonMolecularMedicine,Genetics ColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysicians DivisionofInfectious Immunology,InstituteofGenomicsand andSurgeons; &ImmunologicalDiseases SystemsBiologyandTheCollege AttendingPhysician UniversityofBritishColumbia; MedicalDirector,ToxoplasmosisCenter DepartmentofPediatrics AttendingPhysician UniversityofChicagoMedicalCenter MorganStanleyChildren’sHospitalofNY BritishColumbiaChildren’sHospital Chicago,Illinois PresbyterianHospital Vancouver,BC,Canada NewYork,NewYork JuliaA.McMillan,MD PaulKrogstad, MD,MS Professor,ViceChairforEducation Ronald S.Gibbs,MD ProfessorofPediatricsandMolecularand AssociateDeanforGraduateMedical ProfessorandE.StewartTaylorChair MedicalPharmacology Education AssociateDean,ContinuingMedical DepartmentofPediatrics DepartmentofPediatrics Education DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchool DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology atUCLA; ofMedicine; UniversityofColoradoDenverSchoolof AttendingPhysician DepartmentofPediatrics Medicine DepartmentofPediatrics JohnsHopkinsChildren’sCenter Denver,Colorado DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Baltimore,Maryland MattelChildren’sHospitalatUCLA KathleenM.Gutierrez,MD LosAngeles,California JamesP.Nataro,MD,PhD,MBA AssistantProfessor BenjaminArmisteadShepherdProfessor DepartmentofPediatrics DavidB.Lewis, MD Chair,DepartmentofPediatrics DivisionofPediatricInfectiousDisease ProfessorofPediatrics UniversityofVirginia StanfordUniversity Chief,DivisionofImmunologyandAllergy Charlottesville,Virginia Stanford,California DepartmentofPediatrics StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine VictorNizet, MD R. DougHardy, MD Stanford,California; ProfessorofPediatricsandPharmacy DepartmentofPediatricInfectiousDiseases AttendingPhysicianatLucileSalterPackard UniversityofCalifornia MedicalCityChildren’sHospital; Children’sHospital SanDiegoSchoolofMedicine DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases PaloAlto,California SkaggsSchoolofPharmacyand MedicalCityDallasHospital; PharmaceuticalSciences DepartmentofAdultandPediatric SarahS.Long,MD RadyChildren’sHospital InfectiousDiseases ProfessorofPediatrics SanDiego,LaJolla,California IDSpecialists,P.A. DrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicine; Dallas,Texas Chief,SectionofInfectiousDiseases St.Christopher’sHospitalforChildren Philadelphia,Pennsylvania LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS ix Pearay L.Ogra,MD SusanE.Reef,MD BarbaraJ.Stoll,MD EmeritusProfessor MedicalEpidemiologist Jr.ProfessorandChair SchoolofMedicineandBiomedicalSciences CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention DepartmentofPediatrics StateUniversityofNewYork Atlanta,Georgia EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine; UniversityatBuffalo SVPandChiefAcademicOfficer Buffalo,NewYork; JackS.Remington,MD DepartmentofAdministration FormerJohnSealyDistinguishedChair ProfessorEmeritus,DepartmentofMedicine Children’sHealthcareofAtlanta ProfessorandChairPediatrics DivisionofInfectiousDiseasesand Atlanta,Georgia UniversityofTexasMedicalBranchat GeographicalMedicine Galveston StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine KellyC.Wade,MD,PhD,MSCE Galveston,Texas Stanford,California; AssistantProfessorofClinicalPediatrics MarcusKruppResearchChair DepartmentofPediatrics MiguelL.O’Ryan Emeritus UniversityofPennsylvania; FullProfessorandDirector ResearchInstitute,PaloAltoMedical Neonatologist MicrobiologyandMycologyProgram Foundation DepartmentofPediatrics InstituteofBiomedicalSciences PaloAlto,California Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphia FacultyofMedicine Philadelphia,Pennsylvania UniversityofChile KathleenB.Schwarz,BA,MAT,MD Santiago,Chile ProfessorofPediatrics GeoffreyA.Weinberg,MD JohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine; ProfessorofPediatrics GaryD.Overturf, MD Director UniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicine& ProfessorofPediatricsandPathology JohnsHopkinsPediatricLiverCenter Dentistry; DepartmentofPediatrics Baltimore,Maryland Director,PediatricHIVProgram UniversityofNewMexico; GolisanoChildren’sHospital&Strong EmeritusChiefofPediatric EugeneD.Shapiro,MD MemorialHospital InfectiousDiseases Professor Rochester,NewYork DepartmentofPediatrics DepartmentsofPediatrics,Epidemiologyand ChildrensHospitalofNewMexico; InvestigativeMedicine RichardJ.Whitley,MD MedicalDirector,InfectiousDiseases YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine; Professor DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases AttendingPhysician DepartmentofPediatrics andMicrobiology Children’sHospitalatYale-NewHaven UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham TriCoreReferenceLaboratories NewHaven,Connecticut Birmingham,Alabama Albuquerque,NewMexico AvinashK.Shetty,MD ChristopherB.Wilson, MD StanleyA.Plotkin,MD AssociateProfessor Director,Discovery EmeritusProfessor DepartmentofPediatrics GlobalHealthProgram DepartmentofPediatrics WakeForestUniversityHealthSciences; Bill&MelindaGatesFoundation UniversityofPennsylvania; AttendingPhysician Seattle,Washington FormerChief DepartmentofPediatricInfectiousDiseases DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases BrennerChildren’sHospital AnitaK.M.Zaidi,MBBS,SM Children’sHospital Winston-Salem,NorthCarolina Professor Philadelphia,Pennsylvania DepartmentofPediatricsandChildHealth JeffreyR.Starke, MD AgaKhanUniversity Octavio Ramilo,MD ProfessorofPediatrics Karachi,Pakistan HenryG.CramblettChairinPediatric BaylorCollegeofMedicine; InfectiousDiseases InfectionControlOfficer TheoklisE.Zaoutis,MD,MSCE Professor TexasChildren’sHospital AssociateProfessor DepartmentofPediatrics Houston,Texas PediatricsandEpidemiology TheOhioStateUniversity UniversityofPennsylvania CollegeofMedicine; SchoolofMedicine; Chief AssociateChief DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases DivisionofInfectiousDiseases NationwideChildren’sHospital TheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia Columbus,Ohio Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
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