India Migration Report 2014: Diaspora and Development

337 Pages·2014·6.917 MB·English

by  S. Irudaya Rajan

India Migration Report 2014
India Migration Report
Editor: S. Irudaya Rajan, Centre for Development Studies,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
This annual series strives to bring together international networks of
migration scholars and policy-makers to document and discuss research on
various facets of migration. It encourages interdisciplinary commentaries
on diverse aspects of the migration experience and continues to focus on
the economic, social, cultural, ethical, security, and policy ramifications of
international movements of people.
Also Available
India Migration Report 2010: Governance and Labour Migration
978-0-415-57018-3
India Migration Report 2011: Migration, Identity and Conflict
978-0-415-66499-8
India Migration Report 2012: Global Financial Crisis, Migration
and Remittances
978-0-415-63405-2
India Migration Report 2013: Social Costs of Migration
978-0-415-82853-6
Forthcoming
India Migration Report 2015: Gender and Migration
India Migration Report 2014
Diaspora and Development
Editor
S. Irudaya rajan
LONDON NEW YORK NEW DELHI
First published 2014 in India
by Routledge
912 Tolstoy House, 15–17 Tolstoy Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi 110 001
Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2014 S. Irudaya Rajan
Typeset by
Solution Graphics
A–14, Indira Puri
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 102
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage
and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-138-78819-0
Dedicated to
Professor K. C. Zachariah, the friend, philosopher and guide
who introduced me to the dynamic study of migration and whose
enthusiasm and knowledge has been a driving force behind many
studies carried out in the field. This year, as he celebrates his
90th birthday, I dedicate this book to him as a token of
gratitude and wish him good health.
Too little is known though about migrants, and the effects their
mobility has, for themselves, their communities, and economies,
and too often policies either ignore or try to reduce migration.
The IMR has become a critical source to fill this lacuna to better
understand migration and providing concrete suggestions for policy-
makers. — Arjan de Haan, International Development Research
Centre, Ottawa, Canada
India Migration Report 2014 advances the frontier of the debate
on the role of the Indian diaspora and development — a treasure
house of analysis, insights and information with a global reach one
should certainly not miss. — Piyasiri Wickramasekara, Global
Migration Policy Associates, Geneva
A rich and timely insight into the multifaceted dimensions of
Indian migration. — Margaret Walton-Roberts, International
Migration Research Centre, Ontario, Canada
Contents
Tables ix
Figures and Boxes xi
Abbreviations xiii
Preface xvii
Foreword by Oommen Chandy xix
Acknowledgements xxi
1. Diaspora and Development: Critical Issues 1
Dilip Ratha and Sonia Plaza
2. Diaspora and Development: Case Study of the Indo-EU
Diaspora 21
Alwyn Didar Singh
3. Diaspora and Development: Theoretical Perspectives 36
Amba Pande
4. Diaspora, Transnationalism and Development 47
Ajaya Kumar Sahoo
5. Engaging the Indian Diaspora for Development 60
Smita Tiwari
6. Professional Diaspora Networks and Philanthropy in
the Healthcare Sector 73
T. L. S. Bhaskar
7. Return of Diasporas: India’s Growth Story vs Global Crisis 88
S. Irudaya Rajan, V. Kurusu and Saramma Panicker C. K.
8. Punjabi Diaspora and Educational Development 103
Kaveri Qureshi and Filippo Osella
9. Land, Migration and Identity: Changing Punjabi
Transnationalism 117
Steve Taylor
10. Diaspora and Remittances 132
Milly Sil
viii v India Migration Report 2014
11. Future Diasporas? International Student Migration from
India to the UK 149
S. Irudaya Rajan and Neha Wadhawan
12. Ethnic Indians in India’s Look East Policy 168
Amit Singh
13. The Indian Diaspora in Oman 181
Veronika Deffner
14. Indian Migrant Experiences in Oman and Bahrain 193
Radhika Kanchana and S. Irudaya Rajan
15. Nitaqat — Second Wave of Saudization: Is it an Answer
to the Domestic Discontent? 210
Zakir Hussain
16. Kerala Emigration to Saudi Arabia: Prospects under
the Nitaqat Law 229
K. C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan and Jolin Joseph
17. Migration and Inequality 249
Raju John
18. International Trade in Health Services: An Indian
Experience 261
Soumi Roy Chowdhury
19. Capability Quotient of the North-Eastern Out-Migrants 273
Pinak Sarkar
20. Living Conditions of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in India 287
C. Valatheeswaran
About the Editor 300
Notes on Contributors 301
Index 304
Tables
1.1: Diaspora in Australia and the US 6
2.1: Strategic Dashboard of Indian Policy for Diaspora
Engagement 27
2.2: Matrix of Relevance of Diaspora Activities to Indian
Diaspora Categories 32
2.3: Relevance of Indian Strategic Framework to Indian
Diaspora Categories 32
6.1: Alumni Members by Speciality in GMCANA 76
6.2: Alumni Members by Year of Admission in GMCANA 77
6.3: Items Donated by the GMCANA to GMC and GGH 79
6.4: Items Donated by the AMCANA to AMC and KGH 82
6.5: Items Donated by the RMCANA 84
7.1: City-Wise Distribution of Samples, by Sex 91
7.2: Educational Qualifications of Return Migrants 93
10.1: Percentage Distribution of Household-Related
Characteristics 135
10.2: Percentage Distribution of Migrant-Related
Characteristics 137
10.3: Percentage Distribution of Size of Remittances 140
10.4: Percentage Distribution of Some Remittance-Related
Aspects 142
11.1: Top Five Destinations and Number of Students from
India Studying Overseas in 2009 151
11.2: Statistics Showing Student Visa Application to the
United Kingdom, 2007–11 161
11.3: Answers to the Qualitative Questions Posed to
Respondents of the Survey, 2012 162
11.4: Estimated Cost of Comparable Education (Living and
Tuition Expenses) in India and the UK 164
14.1: Classification of the Questionnaire Responses 197