Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America PDF
Preview Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America
IMPOSSIBLE SUBJECTS ____________________________________________________ POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICA Series Editors WILLIAM CHAFE, GARY GERSTLE, LINDA GORDON, AND JULIAN ZELIZER A list of titles in this series appears at the back of the book Mae M. Ngai IMPOSSIBLE SUBJECTS ILLEGAL ALIENS AND THE MAKING OF MODERN AMERICA PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2004 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ngai, Mae M. Impossible subjects : illegal aliens and the making of modern America / Mae M. Ngai. p. cm. — (Politics and society in twentieth-century America) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-07471-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Illegal aliens—United States—History. 2. Emigration and immigration law—United States—History. 3. Citizenship—United States—History. I. Title. II. Series. KF4800.N485 2004 342.73'083—dc21 2003044486 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Minion Typeface Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ www.pupress.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the memory of___________________________________ Shihhsun Ngai and to Hsueh-hwa Wang Ngai and Michael S. Hing It has always been easier, it always will be easier, to think of someone as a noncitizen than to decide that he is a nonperson. —ALEXANDER BICKEL, “Citizenship in the American Constitution” Table of Contents___________________________________ xi List of Figures and Illustrations xiii List of Tables xv Acknowledgments xix Note on Language and Terminology Introduction 1 Illegal Aliens: A Problem of Law and History 15 PART I: THE REGIME OF QUOTAS AND PAPERS One The Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 and the Reconstruction of Race in Immigration Law 21 Two Deportation Policy and the Making and Unmaking of Illegal Aliens 56 PART II: MIGRANTS AT THE MARGINS OF LAW AND NATION 91 Three From Colonial Subject to Undesirable Alien: Filipino Migration in the Invisible Empire 96 Four Braceros, “Wetbacks,” and the National Boundaries of Class 127 PART III: WAR, NATIONALISM, AND ALIEN CITIZENSHIP 167 Five The World War II Internment of Japanese Americans and the Citizenship Renunciation Cases 175 Six The Cold War Chinese Immigration Crisis and the Confession Cases 202 PART IV: PLURALISM AND NATIONALISM IN POST–WORLD WAR II IMMIGRATION REFORM 225 Seven The Liberal Critique and Reform of Immigration Policy 227 Epilogue 265 Appendix 271 Notes 275 Archival and Other Primary Sources 357 Index 369
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