Identification of Seismic Sources — Earthquake or Underground Explosion: Proceedings of the NATO Advance Study Institute held at Voksenåsen, Oslo, Norway, September 8–18, 1980

866 Pages·1981·61.002 MB·English

by  A. Douglas (auth.), Eystein S. Husebye, Svein Mykkeltveit (eds.)

Identification of Seismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
Proceedings ofthe Advanced Study Institute Programme, which aims
at the dissemination ofadvanced knowledge and
the formation ofcontacts among scientistsfrom different countries
The series is published by an international board ofpublishers in conjunction
with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London
0 Behavioural and Sijthoff&Noordhoff International
Social Sciences Publishers
E Applied Sciences Alphen aan den Rijn and Germantown
U.S.A.
Series C- Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Volume 74 - Identification ofSeismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion
Identification
ofSeismic Sources
Earthquake or
Underground Explosion
Proceedings ofthe NATO AdvancedStudy Institute
held at Voksenasen, Oslo, NOfWay, September8-18, 1980
editedby
s.
EYSTEIN HUSEBYE
and
SVEIN MYKKELTVEIT
NTNF/NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway
D. Reidel Publishing Company
Dordrecht : Holland / Boston: U.S.A. / London: England
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
LibraryofCongressCatalogingin PublicationData
NATO Advanced Study Institute (I980: Oslo, Norway)
Identification ofseismic sources-earthquake or underground
explosion
(NATO advancedstudyinstitutes series. SeriesC, Mathematical
and physical sciences;v. 74)
Includes index.
1. Earthquakes-Congresses. 2. Explosions.-Congresses.
3. Seismometry-Congresses. I. Husebye, Eystein Sverre, 1937
II. Mykkeltveit, Svein, 1950- III. Title. IV. Series.
QE531.N37 1980 551.2'2 81-10709
AACR2
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8533-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8531-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8531-5
Published by D. Reidel PublishingCompany
P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland
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In all other countries, sold and distributed
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D. Reidel Publishing Company is amember ofthe Kluwer Group
All Rights Reserved
Copyright ©1981 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1981
No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
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without written permission from the copyright owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PREFACE
X~
SEISMIC SOURCE IDENTIFICATION: A REVIEW OF PAST
AND PRESENT RESEARCH EFFORTS
A. Douglas*
EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MODELLING
THE NATURE OF THE EARTHQUAKE SOURCE
L. Knopoff*
49
DYNAMICS OF SEISMIC SOURCES
R. Madariaga*
71
EXPLOSION SOURCE MODELLING
INELASTIC PROCESSES IN SEISMIC WAVE GENERATION
BY UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS
H.C. Rodean* 97
ANOMALOUS RAYLEIGH WAVES FROM PRESUMED EXPLOSIONS
IN EAST KAZAKH
J.R. Cleary 191
P WAVE COUPLING OF UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS IN VARIOUS
GEOLOGIC MEDIA
J.R. Murphy 201
SEISMIC SOURCE PARAMETER ESTIMATION
SEISMIC MOMENT TENSORS
D.J. Doornbos* 207
DETERMINATION OF SOURCE MECHANISM AND HYPOCENTRAL
COORDINATES FROM WAVEFORM DATA
A.M. Dziewonski*, T.-A. Chou and J.H. Woodhouse 233
* Key Lecturer
vi TABLEOFCONTENTS
THE EFFECT OF GREEN'S FUNCTIONS ON THE DETERMINATION
OF SOURCE MECHANISMS BY THE LINEAR INVERSION OF
SEISMOGRAMS
B.W. Stump and L.R. Johnson 255
SIMPLIFIED BODYWAVE SOURCE TERMS WITH ONE APPLICATION
IN MOMENT TENSOR RECOVERY
S.N. Ward 269
THE INTERPRETATION OF MOMENT TENSOR INVERSIONS
R.A. Strelitz 273
SEISMIC WAVEFIELD SYNTHESIS
COUPLING NEAR SOURCE PHENOMENA INTO SURFACE WAVE
GENERATION
D.G. Harkrider* 277
ON SEISMIC SYNTHESIS
B.L.N. Kennett* 327
SOME RECENT EXTENSIONS OF THE REFLECTIVITY METHOD
G. Muller* and W. Schott 347
ISOCHRONAL FORMULATION OF SEISMIC DIFFRACTION
P.W. Buchen and R.A.W. Haddon 373
HIGH FREQUENCY TOROIDAL MODES
T.J. Clarke 383
ELASTIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN
HORIZONTALLY LAYERED MEDIA
B. Ursin 391
CALCULATION OF WAVE FIELDS IN MANTLE VELOCITY
MODELS
M.R. Illingworth and B.L.N. Kennett 395
THE EFFECT OF FOCAL DEPTH AND SOURCE TYPE ON
SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS
K.K. Nakanishi 397
TABLEOFCONTENTS vii
SEISMIC WAVE ANALYSIS
SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION ACROSS DIFFERENT
TECTONIC REGIONS
M. Cara* 401
Lg WAVE PROPAGATION IN EURASIA
S. Mykkeltveit and E.S. Husebye 421
SEISMOGRAMS OF EXPLOSIONS AT REGIONAL DISTANCES
IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: OBSERVATIONS
AND REFLECTIVITY METHOD MODELING
K.H. Olsen and L.W. Braile 453
PHASE IDENTIFICATION AND EVENT LOCATION AT REGIONAL
DISTANCE USING SMALL-APERTURE ARRAY DATA
S. Mykkeltveit and F. Ringdal 467
P AND S-VELOCITY JUMP AT THE INNER-CORE BOUNDARY
FROM PKP AMPLITUDES
H. Rage 483
CONVERSION PHASES FROM MANTLE TRANSITION ZONES
S. Faber 497
THE EXCITATION AND ATTENUATION OF SEISMIC CRUSTAL
PHASES IN TURKEY
B. Maddison, A. Necioglu and N. Turkel!i 505
COMPARISON OF WAVEFORM INVERSION SCHEMES FOR
HORIZONTALLY STRATIFIED MEDIA
K.-A. Berteussen and B. Ursin 513
SCATTERING AND EARTH HETEROGENEITIES
ATTENUATION AND SCATTERING OF SHORT-PERIOD SEISMIC
WAVES IN THE LITHOSPHERE
K. Akt* 515
SOURCE LOCATION IN LATERALLY VARYING MEDIA
D. Gubbins* 543
OPTIMUM APPROACHES TO MAGNITUDE MEASUREMENTS
A. Christoffersson* and F. Ringdal 575
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC VELOCITY IMAGE OF THE
UPPER MANTLE BENEATH SOUfHEASTERN EUROPE
J. Hovland and E.S. Husebye 589
viii TABLEOFCONTENTS
TAU INVERSION OF UPPER MANTLE ARRAY DATA WITH
APPLICATION TO THE PROBLEM OF THE SCATTERING
OF SEISMIC WAVES IN THE LITHOSPHERE
R.F. Mereu 607
OBSERVATION OF SCATTERING IN THE LITHOSPHERE
A.M. Dainty 611
LATERAL VARIATIONS IN THE EARTH'S CRUST AND
THEIR EFFECT ON SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION
R.F. Mereu and S. Ojo 613
SIGNAL ANALYSIS
FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL TIME-SERIES
ANALYSIS
M.P. Ekstrom and T.L. Marzetta* 615
THE INSTANTANEOUS AMPLITUDE, PHASE AND FREQUENCY IN
SEISMIC EVENT DETECTION, TIMING AND IDENTIFICATION
R. unger 649
SEISMIC SOURCE DISCRIMINATION
MULTIDIMENSIONAL DISCRIMINATION TECHNIQUES
THEORY AND APPLICATION
D. Tj0stheim* 663
SEISMIC DISCRIMINATION PROBLEMS AT REGIONAL DISTANCES
R.R. Blandford* 695
LINEAR DISCRIMINATION FOR SAMPLES OF LIMITED SIZE
V.F. Pisarenko, A.F. Kushnir, F.M. Pruchinka and
S.L. Zvang 741
DEVELOPMENTS IN SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION
THE GLOBAL DIGITAL SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK: A STATUS
REPORT
J. Peterson* 747
BROAD-BAND SEISMOMETRY - A UNIFIED APPROACH TOWARDS
A KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC INTERPRETATION OF
SEISMOGRAMS
H.-P. Harjes* 763
TABLEOFCONTENTS ix
SEISMIC DATA CENTERS
AUTOMATIC PROCESSING METHODS IN THE ANALYSIS OF
DATA FROM A GLOBAL SEISMIC NETWORK
F. Ringdal* 787
INTERNATIONAL SEISMOLOGICAL DATA CENTER.
DEMONSTRATION FACILITIES IN SWEDEN
O. Dahlman* 811
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEISMIC DATA CENTER
M.A. Chinnery, A.G. Gann and A.U. Kerr 831
EVALUATION OF SEISMIC NETWORK CAPABILITY FOR
EVENT LOCATION
W.L. Rodi 843
APPENDIX
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, LECTURERS, PARTICIPANTS 851
SUBJECT INDEX 863
NAME INDEX 871
IDENTIFICATION OF SEISMIC SOURCES - EARTHQUAKES
OR UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIONS
Sponsored by and organized on behalfofthe
SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DIVISION
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
Co-sponsored by:
The Norwegian Seismic Array(NORSAR)
U.S. Department ofthe Air Force, Air Force
Office ofScientific Research (AFSC)
U.S. Department ofEnergy/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Norwegian Office ofForeign Affairs, Disarmament Committee
The Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research (NTNF)
Scientific Directors:
E. S. Husebye H. C. Rodean W. Best
NTNF/NORSAR Lawrence Livermore AFOSR/NP
Norway Laboratory, USA Bolling AFB, USA
Organizing Committee:
S. Mykkeltveit L. Tronrud
NTNF/NORSAR NTNF/NORSAR
Norway Norway
G. Young M. Shore
AFOSR VELA Seismological Center
Bolling AFB, USA USA