Английский язык. Экология, окружающий мир: учебно-методическая разработка для студентов I I курса

82 Pages·2011·1.652 MB·Russian

by  Перепёлкина Н.Е., Шумилина И.Г.

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«ПЕНЗЕНСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ»

СИСТЕМА
ОТКРЫТОГО
ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Н. Е. Перепёлкина, И. Г. Шумилина

Английский язык

Экология, окружающий мир

Учебно-методическая разработка для студентов II курса,
продолжающих изучение английского языка в вузе

Пенза
ПГТА
2011
1
574(07)
П 26

Рецензент –
доцент РГУ ИТП (Пензенский филиал)
В. Н. Державина

Перепёлкина, Н. Е.
П Английской язык. Экология, окружающий мир : учебно-мето-
26 дическая разработка для студентов II курса / Н. Е. Перепёлкина, И.
Г. Шумилина. – Пенза : Изд-во Пенз. гос. технол. акад., 2011. – 82
c.
Учебно-методическая разработка подготовлена на кафедре иностран-
ных языков Пензенской государственной технологической академии и пред-
назначена для студентов, начинающих изучение дисциплины “Английский
язык”. Разработка включает в себя упражнения по основным разделам
грамматики английского языка, тексты по специальности “Экология” и
тексты для домашнего чтения (II курс).

574(07)

© Пензенская государственная технологическая академия, 2011

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© Перепёлкина Н. Е., Шумилина И. Г., 2011

Lesson One

Grammar:
Образование и смысловое
значение будущего простого
времени
Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

The Future Indefinite Tense используется для выражения обычно
совершаемого действия в будущем.
The Future Indefinite Tense образуется при помощи вспомогатель-
ных глаголов shall/ will (shall только в британском варианте языка) для
1-го лица единственного и множественного числа и will для всех ос-
тальных лиц и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.
I shall make a report next Я сделаю доклад на следующей
week. неделе.
We shall make a report next Мы сделаем доклад на следующей
week. неделе.
You will make a report next Ты сделаешь доклад на
week. следующей неделе.
He will make a report next Он сделает доклад на следующей
week. неделе.
She will make a report next Она сделает доклад на следующей
week. неделе.
They will make a report next Они сделают доклад на
week. следующей неделе.

Future Indefinite употребляется, как правило, с обстоятельствами:
tomorrow завтра, next month (year, week) в следующем месяце (году,
на следующей неделе), in … days (years) через … дней (лет), a также
с датами, относящимися к будущему: in 2020.

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Схема порядка слов в предложении со сказуемым в Future
Indefinite.

Утвердительное подлежащие + shall + смысловой + второстепенные
предложение will глагол члены

Отрицательное подлежащие + shall not + смысловой + второстепенные
предложение will not глагол члены

Вопросительное Shall + подлежащие + смысловой + второстепенные
предложение Will глагол члены

He will change his plans for Он изменит свои планы на
Sunday. воскресенье.
He will not change his plans for Он не будет менять свои планы на
Sunday. воскресенье.
Will he change his plans for Он изменит свои планы на
Sunday? воскресенье?
Yes, he will. Да.
No, he will not. Нет.
Grammar exercises
Exercise 1. Вставьте в пропуски “will” или “ won””t.
One day you … become a grown-up. You … go to school and you …
do your homework. You … be independent. You … live with your parents
anymore and they … tell you what to do. You … play noisy games and you
… see any cartoons. You … read serious books. You and your friends …
have families and children. And you … tell your children what to do and
how to behave.

Exercise 2. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в форме
Future Indefinite.
Tomorrow I (to go) to the University because it (to be) Sunday. My
parents (not to be) at home. They (to go) to their friends, the Browns, who
got a new flat last week. My father and mother (to go) to see it. I (to be) at
home and (to stay) with my friends. I (to invite) my groupmates and we (to
have) a good time. Sam (to bring) some tapes and we (to listen) to music and

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(to dance). Who else (to come)? I think I (to call) Mary and John. They (to
be happy) to pay me a visit and to see Sam. I (to make) some tea but I (not to
cook) dinner. In the evening we (to have dinner) at a restaurant. It (not to
cost) us much because the restaurant is cheap. I think we (to order) some
light vine and (to take) something very delicious. It (to be) very exciting to
spend time with my friends!

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future
Indefinite.
1. I (to know) the results in a week.
2. You (to be) in Moscow tonight?
3. You (to have) time to help me tomorrow?
4. He (to recognize) me?
5. He (to give) the article to you if you ask him.
6. I am sure that you (to like) our new house.
7. You (to need) a visa if you are going to England.
8. You (to miss) your train.
9. You (to eat) all that?
10. It (to rain). Look at those clouds.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future
Indefinite Tense.
1. Today we have a simple choice- either we (turn) to nature or we
(destroy) ourselves.
2. It always (be) difficult to site plants in scenic or otherwise
environmentally sensitive areas.
3. Scientists say that if there is mining and drilling for oil in Antarctica
it (have) very bad effects on the world’s weather.
4. Imagine, what (happen) if all transportation (work) on battery or by
wind.
5. According the agreement between the world’s most powerful industrial
countries they (take, not) Antarctica’s oil and minerals for at least fifty- five
years.
6. Most geothermal power plants (require) large amount of water for
cooling or other purposes.

Text A. ENVIRONMENT and ECOLOGY

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Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their
environment. Many people all over the world are concerned about the ecology
today. The word “ecology” came from the Greek which means “home”. This
idea of “home” includes the whole planet of ours. We must protect our planet
from littering, air pollution and destruction of natural resources.
We know that polluted air, land and water are harmful to plants, animals
and people. Many territories, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans and the atmosphere
are polluted with all kinds of technological, chemical, nuclear and other
wastes. Awful harm is caused to our home by nuclear tests, atom bombs and
accidents on the atomic power stations.
How can we keep our earth clean?
Don’t buy drinks in plastic bottles. These bottles can’t be recycling
and plastic won’t even degrade. If you throw this bottle, it will still litter the
earth for ever. Only buy water and other drinks in aluminium cans or glass
bottles. Buy milk and juice in cartoons. Glass, aluminium and cartoon can
be recycled.
The energy saved from one recycled aluminium can will operate a
television set for three hours. If you throw an aluminium can out of the train
window, it will still litter the earth up to 500 years later. If you throw the
glass bottle you litter the earth for ever.

It takes 500 000 trees just to make the newspaper we read every Sunday.
Save your family newspapers. Find out how to recycle newspapers in your
area. Most paper thrown away in the office just has printing on one side.
Ask your parents bring home some of this paper. So you can use the blank
side for writing or drawing.
Save water. If there is the leaky toilet or tap in your house, get someone
to fix them. If you water the garden in the middle of the day when the sun is
hot most of the water evaporates before it gets to the roots. It is better to
water the garden in the coolest part of the day. The best time to water is early
in the morning before the sun gets hot.
The electric power stations burn coal to produce the energy that keeps
your light on. That burning coal gives off gases that- acid rains. So, save
electric power. Turn off the lights when you leave the room. Turn off the TV
or the stereo when you are not watching or listening.
Don’t cut wild flowers. In England since the Second World War 22
wild flower species have disappeared for ever, 317 are standing on the brink.
English writer John Galsworthy said:” If you don’t think about the
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future you will not have it.”

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Words to be learnt

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Exercises to the text

I. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their
environment, isn’t it?
2. Many people all over the world are concerned about ecology today,
aren’t they?
3. What does the word “ecology” mean?
4. Many territories, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans and the atmosphere are
polluted with all kinds of technological, chemical, nuclear and other wastes,
aren’t they?
5. How can we keep out earth clean?

II. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочета-
ний.
Environment; concern; to protect; littering; to pollute; air pollution;
destruction; harmful; plant; to recycle.

III. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами.

Living things, degrade, recycled, littering, harm, polluted, air pollution,
leaky, harmful, tap, means, roots, evaporate, acid rains, destruction.

1. Ecology is the science of how ________ are related to their
environment.
2. We know that ___________ air, land and water are __________ to
plants, animals and people.
3. Awful ________ is caused to our home by nuclear tests.
4. Glass, aluminium and cartoon can be ___________ .
5. If there is the _________ toilet or ____________ in your house, get
someone to fix them.
6. When the sun is hot most of the water _________ before it gets to
the ________.
7. The word “ ecology” _______ “ home “.
8. We must protect our planet from _____ , ______ and __________
of natural resources.
9. Plastics won’t _______ .
10. The burning coal gives off gases that _______ .

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IV. Выберите правильный перевод следующих предложений:

1. Polluted air, land and water are a) Не рвите дикорастущие цветы.
harmful to plants, animals and В Англии со времён Второй
people. мировой войны навсегда исчезли
2. Awful harm is caused by nuclear 22 вида дикорастущих цветов.
tests, atom bombs and accidents on b) Джон Голсуорси сказал: «Если
the atomic power stations. Вы не думаете о будущем, его у
3. Save water. The best time to Вас не будет.»
water the garden is early in the c) Экономьте воду. Лучшее время
morning. для полива сада- это раннее утро.
4. Save electric power. Turn off the d) Загрязнённый воздух, земля и
TV or stereo when you are not вода пагубны для растений,
watching or listening. животных и людей.
5. Don’t cut wild flowers. In e) Ужасный ущерб вызван
England since the Second World ядерными испытаниями,
War 22 wild flower species have атомными бомбами и
disappeared for ever. несчастными случаями на
6. J. Galsworthy said: “If you don’t атомных электростанциях.
think about the future you will not f) Экономьте электроэнергию.
have it.” Выключайте телевизор и
радиоприёмник, когда Вы не
смотрите или не слушаете их.

V. Найдите в тексте слова, которые означают:
- to worry about;
- injurious;
- the science that studies the conditions of a man, animals and plants;
- earth;
- to run;
- the part of the day;
- everything around us;
- to economize;
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