Cover Page: 1 Contents_1 Page: 5 Contents_2 Page: 6 Introduction Page: 9 MONEY BASICS Page: 11 The evolution of money Page: 12 Barter, IOUs, and money Page: 14 Artefacts of money Page: 16 The emergence of moderneconomics Page: 20 Economic theories and money Page: 22 PROFIT-MAKING AND FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS Page: 25 Corporate accounting Page: 26 Net income Page: 28 Expensing vs capitalizing Page: 30 Depreciation, amortization, depletion Page: 32 Smoothing earnings Page: 34 Cash flow Page: 36 Gearing ratio and risk Page: 40 How companies use debt Page: 42 Financial reporting Page: 44 Financial instruments Page: 46 Shares Page: 48 Bonds Page: 50 Derivatives Page: 52 Financial markets Page: 54 The money market Page: 56 Foreign exchange and trading Page: 58 Primary and secondary markets Page: 60 Predicting market changes Page: 62 Arbitrage Page: 64 Manipulating the stock market Page: 66 Day trading Page: 68 Financial institutions Page: 70 Commercial and mortgage banks Page: 72 Investment banks Page: 74 Brokerages Page: 76 Insurance risk and regulation Page: 78 Investment companies Page: 80 Non-bank financial institutions Page: 82 GOVERNMENT FINANCEAND PUBLIC MONEY Page: 85 The money supply Page: 86 Increasing money circulation Page: 88 Banking reserves Page: 90 Recession and the money supply Page: 92 Recession to depression Page: 94 Managing state finance Page: 96 Governments and money Page: 98 The central bank Page: 100 Budget constraint Page: 104 How tax works Page: 106 Government borrowing Page: 108 Public debt Page: 110 Accountability Page: 112 Attempting control Page: 114 Reading economic indicators Page: 116 Deciding on economic policy Page: 118 Interest rates Page: 120 Quantitative easing Page: 124 The level of taxation Page: 126 Government spending Page: 128 How governments provide forthe future Page: 130 Inflation Page: 132 Balance of payments Page: 136 International currency fluctuations Page: 138 Managing state pensions Page: 140 Why governments fail financially Page: 142 How governments fail: hyperinflation Page: 144 How governments fail: debt default Page: 146 PERSONAL FINANCE Page: 149 Worth, wealth, and income Page: 150 Calculating and analysing net worth Page: 152 Income and wealth Page: 154 Converting income into wealth Page: 156 Generating income Page: 158 Generating wealth Page: 160 Investments for income Page: 162 Dividends from shares Page: 164 Earning income from savings Page: 166 Investing in managed funds Page: 168 Rental income from property Page: 170 Life assurance Page: 172 Wealth-building investments Page: 174 Investing in property Page: 176 Home equity Page: 180 Shares Page: 182 Managed funds Page: 184 Managing investments Page: 186 Asset allocation and diversification Page: 188 Dollar cost averaging Page: 190 Risk tolerance Page: 192 The optimal portfolio Page: 194 Pensions and retirement Page: 196 Saving and investing for a pension Page: 198 Converting pensions into income Page: 202 Debt Page: 204 Why people use debt Page: 206 Interest and compound interest Page: 208 Loans Page: 210 Mortgages Page: 212 Credit unions Page: 216 Credit cards Page: 218 Money in the digital age Page: 220 Cryptocurrency Page: 222 Bitcoin Page: 224 Crowdfunding Page: 226 Peer-to-peer lending Page: 228 Money in the UK Page: 231 Index Page: 248 Acknowledgments Page: 256
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