Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements)

463 Pages·2007·3.88 MB·English

by  Stephen F. Brown

PHILOSOPHY • HISTORY HISTORICAL
DICTIONARY
MEDIEVAL
OF
Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 76
BROWN
“This is just the sort of work that those beginning the study of medieval philosophy and Philosophy and Theology
and theology, whether an undergraduate, a graduate student, or an educated reader, FLORES
would like to have on their bookshelf; it gives them the fundamentals, while the
ample bibliography will allow them to carry their investigations further into particu-
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lar issues and figures.” —Timothy B. Noone, H
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The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. CI
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The Middle Ages are often viewed as a period of low intellectual achievement. The O
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term refers to the time between the high philosophical and literary accomplish- I
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ments of the Greco-Roman world and the technological advances and philosophi- ORA
cal and theological alternatives formulated in the modern world that followed. FYL

However, having produced such great philosophers as Anselm, Peter Abelard, John
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Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Peter Lombard, and Thomas Aquinas, it hardly
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seems appropriate to label the medieval period as unproductive.
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In examining the influence of ancient Greek philosophy, as well as the Arabian and
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Hebrew scholars who transmitted it, Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and o
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Theology presents the philosophy of the Christian West from the 9th to the early 17th p
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century. This is accomplished through a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, a
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bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on philosophers,
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concepts, institutions, and events, making this an invaluable reference on the pro- a
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gression of human thought. V
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STEPHEN F. BROWN TA
is professor in the Department of Theology at Boston
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College in Massachusetts.
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JUAN CARLOS FLORES
is associate professor in the Department of
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Philosophy at Providence College in Rhode Island.
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For orders and information please contact the publisher
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ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5326-3
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Cover image of Thomas Aquinas © Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy STEPHEN F. BROWN and JUAN CARLOS FLORES
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06-652_01Front.qxd 2/20/07 7:10 AM Page i
HISTORICALDICTIONARIES
OFRELIGIONS, PHILOSOPHIES, AND MOVEMENTS
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
1. Buddhism, by Charles S. Prebish, 1993.
2. Mormonism, by Davis Bitton, 1994. Out of print. See no. 32.
3. Ecumenical Christianity, by Ans Joachim van der Bent, 1994.
4. Terrorism, by Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 1995. Out of
print. See no. 41.
5. Sikhism,by W. H. McLeod, 1995. Out of print. See no. 59.
6. Feminism, by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler, 1995. Out
of print. See no. 52.
7. Olympic Movement, by Ian Buchanan and Bill Mallon, 1995. Out
of print. See no. 39.
8. Methodism, by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan E. Warrick, 1996.
Out of Print. See no. 57.
9. Orthodox Church, by Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, and
Michael D. Peterson, 1996.
10. Organized Labor, by James C. Docherty, 1996. Out of print. See
no. 50.
11. Civil Rights Movement, by Ralph E. Luker, 1997.
12. Catholicism, by William J. Collinge, 1997.
13. Hinduism, by Bruce M. Sullivan, 1997.
14. North American Environmentalism, by Edward R. Wells and Alan
M. Schwartz, 1997.
15. Welfare State, by Bent Greve, 1998. Out of print. See no. 63.
16. Socialism, by James C. Docherty, 1997. Out of print. See no. 73.
17. Bahá’í Faith, by Hugh C. Adamson and Philip Hainsworth, 1998.
Out of print. See no. 71.
18. Taoism, by Julian F. Pas in cooperation with Man Kam Leung, 1998.
19. Judaism, by Norman Solomon, 1998. Out of print. See no. 69.
20. Green Movement, by Elim Papadakis, 1998.
21. Nietzscheanism, by Carol Diethe, 1999. Out of print. See No. 75.
22. Gay Liberation Movement, by Ronald J. Hunt, 1999.
23. Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran, and
Turkey,by Ahmad S. Moussalli, 1999.
24. Reformed Churches, by Robert Benedetto, Darrell L. Guder, and
Donald K. McKim, 1999.
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25. Baptists, by William H. Brackney, 1999.
26. Cooperative Movement, by Jack Shaffer, 1999.
27. Reformation and Counter-Reformation, by Hans J. Hillerbrand,
2000.
28. Shakers, by Holley Gene Duffield, 2000.
29. United States Political Parties, by Harold F. Bass Jr., 2000.
30. Heidegger’s Philosophy, by Alfred Denker, 2000.
31. Zionism,by Rafael Medoff and Chaim I. Waxman, 2000.
32. Mormonism,2nd ed., by Davis Bitton, 2000.
33. Kierkegaard’s Philosophy,by Julia Watkin, 2001.
34. Hegelian Philosophy, by John W. Burbidge, 2001.
35. Lutheranism, by Günther Gassmann in cooperation with Duane H.
Larson and Mark W. Oldenburg, 2001.
36. Holiness Movement,by William Kostlevy, 2001.
37. Islam,by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2001.
38. Shinto,by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2002.
39. Olympic Movement, 2nd ed., by Ian Buchanan and Bill Mallon,
2001. Out of Print. See no. 61.
40. Slavery and Abolition,by Martin A. Klein, 2002.
41. Terrorism,2nd ed.,by Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 2002.
42. New Religious Movements,by George D. Chryssides, 2001.
43. Prophets in Islam and Judaism, by Scott B. Noegel and Brannon
M. Wheeler, 2002.
44. The Friends (Quakers), by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chi-
jioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2003.
45. Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage, by JoAnne Myers,
2003.
46. Descartes and Cartesian Philosophy,by Roger Ariew, Dennis Des
Chene, Douglas M. Jesseph, Tad M. Schmaltz, and Theo Verbeek,
2003.
47. Witchcraft, by Michael D. Bailey, 2003.
48. Unitarian Universalism, by Mark W. Harris, 2004.
49. New Age Movements,by Michael York, 2004.
50. Organized Labor,2nd ed., by James C. Docherty, 2004.
51. Utopianism, by James M. Morris and Andrea L. Kross, 2004.
52. Feminism, 2nd ed., by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler,
2004.
53. Jainism,by Kristi L. Wiley, 2004.
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54. Wittgenstein’s Philosophy, by Duncan Richter, 2004.
55. Schopenhauer’s Philosophy, by David E. Cartwright, 2005.
56. Seventh-day Adventists,by Gary Land, 2005.
57. Methodism, 2nd ed., by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan Warrick,
2005.
58. Sufism, by John Renard, 2005.
59. Sikhism,2nd ed.,by W. H. McLeod, 2005.
60. Kant and Kantianism, by Helmut Holzhey and Vilem Mudroch,
2005.
61. Olympic Movement, 3rd ed., by Bill Mallon with Ian Buchanan,
2006.
62. Anglicanism,by Colin Buchanan, 2006.
63. Welfare State,2nd ed.,by Bent Greve, 2006.
64. Feminist Philosophy,by Catherine Villanueva Gardner, 2006.
65. Logic,by Harry J. Gensler, 2006.
66. Leibniz’s Philosophy,by Stuart Brown and Nicholas J. Fox, 2006.
67. Non-Aligned Movement and Third World,by Guy Arnold, 2006.
68. Salvation Army,by Major John G. Merritt, 2006.
69. Judaism,2nd ed., by Norman Solomon, 2006.
70. Epistemology,by Ralph Baergen, 2006.
71. Bahá’í Faith,by Hugh Adamson, 2006.
72. Aesthetics,by Dabney Townsend, 2006.
73. Socialism,2nd ed., by Peter Lamb and James C. Docherty, 2007.
74. Marxism,by David M. Walker and Daniel Gray, 2007.
75. Nietzscheanism,2nd ed., by Carol Diethe, 2007.
76. Medieval Philosophy and Theology,by Stephen F. Brown and Juan
Carlos Flores, 2007.
77. Shamanism,by Graham Harvey and Robert Wallis, 2007.
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Historical Dictionary of
Medieval Philosophy
and Theology
Stephen F. Brown
Juan Carlos Flores
Historical Dictionaries of Religions,
Philosophies, and Movements, No. 76
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Plymouth, UK
2007
06-652_01Front.qxd 2/20/07 7:10 AM Page vi
SCARECROWPRESS,INC.
Published in the United States of America
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The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
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Copyright ©2007 by Stephen F. Brown and Juan Carlos Flores
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
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Brown, Stephen F.
Historical dictionary of medieval philosophy and theology / Stephen F.
Brown, Juan Carlos Flores.
p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and
movements; no. 76)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5326-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8108-5326-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Philosophy, Medieval—History—Dictionaries. 2. Theology—
History—Middle Ages, 600–1500—Dictionaries. 3. Philosophy—
Dictionaries. I. Flores, Juan Carlos, 1962– II. Title.
B721.B77 2007
189.03—dc22
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To Jack, Faith, Nicolás, and Alex:
If you want to see far and wide,stand on the shoulders of giants.
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06-652_01Front.qxd 2/20/07 7:10 AM Page ix
Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff xi
Preface xiii
Reader’s Note xv
Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
Chronology xix
Introduction xxv
THE DICTIONARY 1
Appendixes
A Honorific Titles of University Theologians 309
B The Condemnations of 1277 311
Bibliography 317
About the Authors 389
ix