Hillary Rodham Clinton. First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State

19 Pages·2011·8.206 MB·English

by  Melissa Carosella,Stephanie Kuligowski

H Hillary Rodham Clinton
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From being a student activist, to a state senator, S
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representative—Hillary Rodham Clinton has t
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been one of the leading females in modern r
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times in the United States. Learn more about o
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Hillary’s fascinating journey from a little girl S
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in Chicago, Illinois to secretary of state for the t
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United States and the impact she has made on
women’s rights and human rights within the
United States and beyond.
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Melissa Carosella
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TCM 12508
Hillary Rodham Clinton
First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State
Melissa Carosella
Table of Contents
Consultant Publishing Credits
Marcus McArthur, Ph.D. Dona Herweck Rice, Editor-in-Chief
Many Firsts .....................................................................4–5
Department of History Lee Aucoin, Creative Director
Saint Louis University Chris McIntyre, M.A.Ed., Editorial Director
Torrey Maloof, Associate Editor
Early Lessons ..............................................................6–11
Neri Garcia, Senior Designer
Stephanie Reid, Photo Researcher
Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.A.Ed., Publisher
Life in Arkansas........................................................12–17
Becoming the First Lady ...........................................18–23
Becoming a Senator ..................................................24–25
Running for the Presidency .......................................26–27
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton ..............28–29
Image Credits Glossary ............................................................................30
cover Chris Kleponis/epa/Corbis p.1 Chris Kleponis/epa/Corbis p.4 United States Department of State; p.5
(top) Shutterstock, Inc.; p.5 (bottom) Getty Images; p.6 Newscom; p.7 (top) Getty Images; p.7 (bottom) The
Index .................................................................................31
Library of Congress; p.9 (top) The Library of Congress; p.9 (middle) Sygma/Corbis; p.9 (bottom) Sygma/
Corbis; p.10 Shutterstock, Inc.; p.11 Sandra Baker/Alamy; p.12 Public Domain; p.13 Wally McNamee/Corbis;
p.14 The Library of Congress; p.15 (top) United States Government; p.15 (bottom) Public Domain; p.16
National Archives; p.17 Mike Stewart/Sygma/Corbis; p.18 The Library of Congress; p.19 (top) AFP/Getty Your Turn! ........................................................................32
Images; p.19 (bottom) TIME & Life Pictures/Getty Images; p.20 Getty Images; p.21 (top) AFP/Getty Images;
p.21 (bottom) AFP/Getty Images; p.22 (top) Ira Wyman/Sygma/Corbis; p.22 (bottom) AFP/Getty Images; p.23
AFP/Getty Images; p.24 Newscom; p.25 (top) Rick Wilking/Reuters/Corbis; p.25 (bottom) AFP/Getty Images;
p.26 (left) Shutterstock, Inc.; p.26 (right) Newscom; p.27 Getty Images; p.28 John Gress/Reuters/Corbis; p.29
Newscom; p.32 (left) Newscom; p.32 (right) Shutterstock, Inc.
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2 3
Many Firsts Important Issues
In 1996, Hillary wrote her first
book called It Takes a Village: And
For many years, Hillary Rodham Clinton Other Lessons Children Teach Us.
In the book, Hillary wrote about
has been helping people in the United States.
the importance of a strong
She also helps people in other countries. She
community in children’s lives.
fights for human rights around the world.
Her book brought attention to
Hillary helps children and supports issues about healthy children
the armed forces. She works hard to and families. It sold so many
copies that it made the New
save the environment, and she strives for
York Times Best Seller list.
world peace.
Hillary has spent over 40 years serving
the public. In that time, she has set a lot
of “firsts.” She was the first student from
Wellesley (WELZ-lee) College to become
Secretary of State A 2008 campaign poster for
the school’s commencement speaker. This
Hillary Rodham Clinton Hillary’s presidential run
means she was the first student in her school’s
history to give the graduation speech. Hillary
was also the first female lawyer to serve
on the Legal Services Corporation. This
corporation makes sure that all Americans
get fair legal services even if they cannot
afford it. Hillary was also the first female Senator Hillary Rodham
Clinton signs copies of her
senator in the state of New York and the first
first book for fans.
former First Lady to run for president.
Hillary set many precedents throughout
her career and continues to do so. In 2009,
she became the United States secretary of
state. This is the story of how she got there!
4 5
Early Dreams
When she was a girl, Hillary
Early Lessons
wanted to be an astronaut.
She wrote a letter to the
Growing Up National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Hillary Rodham was born near Chicago, Illinois
(NASA) about her dream.
in 1947. She grew up with her parents and two They wrote her back and
younger brothers. Hillary’s father taught his said that girls could not
be astronauts. From that
children to work hard and to be responsible.
day on, Hillary became
Hillary’s mother taught her three children to
passionate about overcoming
care for others and help people in need. Her
obstacles in her path and
parents also taught her about the value of a wanted to help others do
good education. the same.
Hillary never forgot her parents’ lessons.
Equality for All
She studied hard to get good grades in school
Hillary and her youth group
and always tried to help those around her. In
met to talk about things that
sixth grade, Hillary joined the school safety patrol
were important to them. They
so she could help younger children cross the street. Hillary in high school talked about the Civil Rights
A Young Hillary
She organized groups in her neighborhood to raise Movement and Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr. Hillary wanted
money for charities. Hillary also served on her
all people to be treated fairly.
student council and became junior vice president
She was even a member of a
of her high school.
group of students that helped
Hillary’s family belonged to a Methodist different races at her high
(METH-uh-dist) church. She loved going to the school get along.
church’s Sunday school and youth groups.
In 1962, Hillary’s youth pastor took her church
group to hear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. give a
speech. The speech was about equality. Hillary
always remembered hearing Dr. King’s speech, and
kept his words in mind as she grew older.
The March on Washington for Civil Rights in 1963
6 7
Wellesley College
In the 1800s, many people thought
Moving Away from Home women did not need to go to
school. In 1870, Wellesley College
In 1965, Hillary enrolled in Wellesley
was started. It was a special
College. Wellesley College is a college because it was just for
university just for women near Boston, Wellesley College women! Today, Wellesley is still
just for women. It is a tough
Massachusetts. Hillary had many
school to get into. Students
classmates from all over the country.
must have very good grades.
She met other young women who were
Women from over 60 countries
talented and ambitious. At first, Hillary study there.
thought that she might not belong. The
classes were challenging, and she was Memorable Speech
Hillary gave her graduating
living far from home.
class’s commencement
Hillary soon met inspiring teachers
speech. Her speech was
and friends. She started to feel as if she
memorable. The audience
belonged there. Hillary was very smart gave her a standing
and earned good grades. She joined ovation. LIFE magazine
Hillary (center)
reported on her speech,
student groups and served as president
at Wellesley College
and television shows
of the school’s Government Association.
interviewed Hillary about
Some of her classmates thought that
her speech and her ideas.
Hillary might even become president of
the United States someday.
In 1969, Hillary graduated from
college and was one of the best students
in her class. Now, she had to figure
out what to do with her life. Hillary
Hillary (second from
remembered her parents’ lessons about left) graduates from
hard work and helping others. She Wellesley College.
decided to become a lawyer. She thought
being a lawyer meant she could use the
law to help people in need.
8 9
Choosing Becoming a Lawyer
a Law School
After college, Hillary enrolled in Yale
Hillary had a choice to go
to Harvard Law School or Law School. Hillary and many students
Yale Law School. In her at Yale were interested in public service.
book Living History, Hillary
Public service means helping other people.
explains why she chose Yale.
Hillary spent her summer breaks
When deciding, she had met
volunteering. She researched migrant farm
a professor from Harvard.
He told her that he believed workers who worked in America’s fields.
Harvard did not need any Hillary learned that these workers did
more women students.
not have safe houses. They did not have
Hillary did not want to go to
doctors. The workers loved their children,
a school where women were
but their jobs made it hard to take care of
not wanted and appreciated.
So, Hillary chose Yale. them. Hillary wanted that to change. She
was learning about the farm workers’ lives
Successful Student so that laws could be made to help them.
Hillary spent a lot of time Yale Law School
volunteering while she was in
law school, but she also had
Migrant farmworkers
to go to classes and study hard.
She earned great grades and One summer, Hillary volunteered at a hospital. She met
was on the Board of Editors a lot of young children from poor families. Hillary became
for the Yale Law Review and
interested in how the law could protect children. She worked
Social Action. This was a journal
with doctors and nurses to find ways to help children who
that was published by the
were being abused, or hurt by others. At the time, protecting
students of Yale Law School. It
was a great honor to work on children from child abuse was a new idea.
the journal. Hillary’s volunteer work showed her that a lot of people
needed her help. Hillary graduated from law school in 1973.
Now that she was a lawyer, she could do more things to help
people in need.
10 11
From One Case
to the Whole State
Life in Arkansas
Hillary’s experience with the foster
parent case made her realize that
there were a lot of children in
Listening to Her Heart
the state that needed help. She
In 1971, while at Yale, Hillary met another law student who recognized that the state of
Arkansas needed an organization
worked hard and cared about other people. His name was Bill
that would help every child. So,
Clinton. Both Bill and Hillary volunteered and worked for law
Hillary helped start the Arkansas
firms. When they graduated, Bill asked Hillary to marry him.
Advocates for Children and
Hillary said no. She wanted to keep going to school. Families. This organization’s
While in school, Hillary began working for the Children’s goal is to help all children in
the state of Arkansas.
Defense Fund. This group makes sure that kids grow up in safe
homes and can attend good schools. Hillary would continue to
Foster Parents
work for this group for many years.
Some children do not come
In 1975, Hillary earned her postgraduate degree. Now that she
from safe or stable homes.
was done with school, Hillary married Bill. The next year, Bill was
When that happens, the
elected as the attorney general for Arkansas. The couple moved to Hillary (far right) working as a lawyer in 1974 police and the courts try
Little Rock, the state’s capital. to help. They have the
children live with other
In Little Rock, Hillary found a new job as
adults, called foster
a lawyer at the Rose Law Firm. In one of her
parents, who want to take
cases, Hillary helped foster parents adopt a little
care of and raise these
girl. Foster parents help raise a child when the children. The courts want
Hillary and Bill’s
home in Little child’s own parents cannot. The foster parents these children to grow
up in safe environments
Rock, Arkansas had been raising the little girl for over two years.
and receive good
In 1976, Arkansas did not let foster parents
educations. Foster
adopt foster children. But, Hillary’s team won
parents help make sure
the case and the girl was adopted. this happens.
The foster-child case motivated Hillary. She
wanted to help more children. As a lawyer,
she sometimes worked pro bono (BOH-noh).
This means that she worked for free. Most of
Hillary’s pro bono cases involved children.
12 13
Helping Children and
Improving Public Health
Health Care
Governor Bill Clinton
In 1978, Bill Clinton was elected
Problems
and Hillary Rodham
One of the things that Hillary governor of Arkansas. Bill needed to find a
Clinton with President
learned about health care way to help the people in Arkansas become Reagan and First Lady
in Arkansas was that people
and stay healthy. He needed someone Nancy Reagan at the
in cities usually had better
White House State
smart to help him. He decided that the
health care than people in
Governors’ dinner
right person for the job was his wife.
rural, or country, areas.
One reason for this was that Health care is when people get treated
people in cities usually had by doctors or get medicine to stay healthy.
more money to pay doctors.
Bill put Hillary in charge of a health care
Because of this, doctors would
committee, or group. In Arkansas, it was
locate their offices in big cities.
hard for people who did not live in cities to
get health care. Hillary’s committee found
Chairperson
In 1977, Hillary was helping ways for more people to get better care and Rose Law Firm
another group in Washington, be healthier.
DC. United States President
Jimmy Carter had asked her
to help a group called Legal
Services Corporation. This
corporation makes sure that
people who do not have a lot of
money can still get good lawyers
if they need legal help. Hillary
Hillary was still working for the Children’s Defense Fund, as
served as the chairperson for
well. She traveled to Washington, DC, several times a year to run
President
this group until 1981.
Jimmy the group’s meetings. Hillary did not get paid for her work on
Carter health care or for children’s rights. She did it for free because she
wanted other people to have better lives.
At this time, Hillary was also still working for the Rose Law
Firm where she had just been made partner. She was the first
woman at the firm to earn this title.
14 15
Another First
Hillary had to have an operation for
At this time, Bill ran for reelection. He Chelsea to be born. Bill wanted to
be in the operating room with his
wanted to keep being the governor of
wife. He wanted to be there when
Arkansas. But, Bill did not win the election.
the baby was born. However,
After losing, the family started a new life
the hospital had rules against
in Little Rock. Two years later, Bill ran for that. But, Bill argued his way
into the operating room. This
governor again. Hillary chose to return to the
was the first time a father had
campaign trail to help her husband.
been in the hospital’s operating
Hillary traveled across the state to
room. After Chelsea’s birth,
make speeches for Bill. In 1982, Bill won
the hospital changed its rules
the election and was governor once again. so that all fathers could be
The Clinton family moved back into the present when their babies
were born.
Governor’s Mansion.
Staying Home
In 1993, the first bill
President Bill Clinton
signed into law was the
Bill and Hillary with newborn Chelsea
Family and Medical Leave
Act. This law made it
A Child of Her Own
easier for parents to stay
home with their newborn
On February 27, 1980, Hillary became a mother. Bill and Hillary’s
babies. Parents could
only child, Chelsea Victoria Clinton, was born. When Chelsea was
now take up to 12 weeks
born, Hillary was able to take time off from work to care for her new off without losing
baby. She stayed home for four months before returning to work. their jobs.
It was during this time that Hillary realized that many new parents
did not have the opportunity to stay at home with their new babies.
Most parents had to return to work right away. The Clintons wanted
that to change so that families could care for their young children.
They would accomplish this goal later in their careers.
Hillary, Bill, and Chelsea during Bill’s campaign
16 17