Hard Cop, Soft Cop

321 Pages·2013·6.488 MB·English

by  Hopkins Burke, Roger

Hard Cop,
Soft Cop
Dilemmas and debates in
contemporary policing
Edited by
WILLAN
Roger Hopkins Burke
PUBLISHING
Hard Cop, Soft Cop

Hard Cop, Soft Cop
Dilemmas and debates in contemporary
policing
Edited by
Roger Hopkins Burke
WILLAN
PUBLISHING
Published by
Willan Publishing
Culmcott House
Mill Street, Uffculme
Cullompton, Devon
EX15 3AT, UK
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [email protected]
website: www.willanpublishing.co.uk
Published simultaneously in the USA and Canada by
Willan Publishing
c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave, Suite 300
Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
website: www.isbs.com
© the Editor and Contributors 2004
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the
Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing
Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE.
First published 2004
ISBN 1-84392-047-6 (paperback)
ISBN 1-84392-048-4 (hardback)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Project management by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon
Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Beds.
Printed and bound by T.J. International, Padstow, Cornwall
Contents
List of contributors vii
1 Introduction: policing contemporary society 1
Roger Hopkins Burke
Part 1: Policing Contemporary Communities
2 Zero tolerance in New York City: hard questions for
a get-tough policy 23
Andrew Karmen
3 Policing incivilities in Germany 40
Alick Whyte
4 Over-policing and under-policing social exclusion 54
Chris Croivther
5 Policing British Asian communities 69
Colin Webster
6 Discipline and flourish: probation and the new
correctionalism 85
Paul Sparrow and David Webb
7 'Softly, softly', private security and the policing of
corporate space 101
Mark Button
Hard Cop, Soft Cop
Part 2: Policing Contemporary Offences
8 Using crackdowns constructively in crime reduction 117
Nick Tilley
9 Tackling the roots of theft: reducing tolerance toward
stolen goods markets 135
Mike Sutton
10 Stalking the stalker: a review of policing strategies 149
Lorna White Sansom
11 Policing financial crime: the Financial Services Authority
and the myth of the 'duped investor' 163
Basia Spalek
12 Hard coating, soft centre? The role of the police in
Dordrecht offender rehabilitation programmes 175
Mandy Shaw
Part 3: Democracy, Accountability and Human Rights
13 What's law got to do with it? Some reflections on the
police in light of developments in New York City 193
Graham Smith
14 Policing and the Human Rights Act 1998 208
John Wadham and Kavita Modi
15 Human rights v. community rights: the case of the
Anti-Social Behaviour Order 226
Roger Hopkins Burke and Ruth Morrill
16 Conclusion: policing contemporary society revisited 242
Roger Hopkins Burke
Bibliography 264
Index 297
vi
List of contributors
Mark Button is Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Criminal Justice
Studies at the University of Portsmouth. He is author of Private Policing
(Willan Publishing, 2002).
Chris Crowther is Principal Lecturer in Criminology and Community
Justice at Sheffield Hallam University. His research interests include
policing and criminal justice policy-making. He is author of Policing
Urban Poverty (Palgrave, 2000).
Roger Hopkins Burke is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at
Nottingham Trent University. He is author of Zero Tolerance Policing
(Perpetuity Press, 1998) and An Introduction to Criminological Theory
(Willan Publishing, 2001).
Andrew Karmen earned a PhD in sociology from Columbia University
in 1977 and since the following year has been a member of the
Sociology Department at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City
University, New York City. He author of Crime Victims: An Introduction
To Victimology (Wadsworth, 2004), now in its fifth edition, and New York
Murder Mystery: The True Story Behind the Crime Crash of the 1990s (New
York University Press, 2000).
Kavita Modi completed her masters in Human Rights Law at
University College London in 2002. In 2002-3, she worked at Liberty,
the human rights and civil liberties organisation, as a researcher. She
currently works in the Human Rights Department at Leigh, Day & Co.
Solicitors.
vii
Hard Cop, Soft Cop
Ruth Morrill completed her postgraduate studies in criminological
research at Cambridge University in 2003. She now works for the
London Probation Service delivery accredited treatment programmes
(to offenders).
Mandy Shaw is Senior Lecturer at the Nottingham Trent University.
Her doctoral research was completed at the University of Manchester
on the relative effect of gender and repeat victimisation of fear of crime.
She has been a researcher in the Applied Criminology Group at the
University of Huddersfield, where she was involved in the evaluation
of the Home Office's Burglary Reduction Programme. Some areas of
recent research include domestic violence, burglary reduction and the
impact of crime on victims.
Graham Smith is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the Nottingham
Trent University. He has published widely in the area of policing and
the law, in particular police accountability and the police complaints
process.
Basia Spalek is a Lecturer in Criminology within the Institute of
Applied Social Studies at Birmingham University. Her research
interests include victimisation, white-collar crime and religious
identity, having recently edited Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice (Willan
Publishing, 2003).
Paul Sparrow is Head of the Division of Criminology at the
Nottingham Trent University. He was previously a probation officer
and has published widely in the area of the probation service.
Mike Sutton is Reader in Criminology at Nottingham Trent University,
Director of the Nottingham Centre for Study and Reduction of Hate
Crimes, Prejudice and Bias, and is General Editor of the Internet journal
of Criminology. Mike conducted research into stolen goods markets
while working as Senior Research Officer in the Home Office and went
on to design and develop the Market Reduction Approach to illicit
markets. Mike is currently actively involved in researching and
publishing in the fields of general crime reduction, hi-tech crimes and
hate crimes.
Nick Tilley is Director of the Policy Oriented Social Sciences research
group at Nottingham Trent University, where he is Professor of
Sociology. He is also a visiting professor in the Jill Dando Institute of
viii
List of contributors
Crime Science at University College London. He has published very
widely in the areas of crime prevention, policing and social science
methodology.
John Wadham is currently Deputy Director of the Independent Police
Complaints Commission. He was previously Director of Liberty, the
UK's human rights and civil liberties organisation, for eight years. He
has acted for a large numbers of applicants in cases before the
Commission and Court of Human Rights. He is the co-editor of Your
Rights: The Liberty Guide, the civil liberties section of the Penguin Guide to
the Laiu and the case law reports for the European Human Rights Law
Review, and is co-author of Blackstone's Guide to the Human Rights Act
1998 and Blackstone's Guide to the Freedom of Information Act 2000. He is
also editor of the Blackstone's Human Rights Series.
David Webb is Senior Dean and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and
Social Sciences at Nottingham Trent University. He has previously
worked at the School of Social Work at Leicester University, as a school
teacher and as an adviser for the validating body for social work
education and training. He has published in the fields of sociology of
social work, social work theory, juvenile justice, mentally disordered
offenders, the sociology of health and illness and penology.
Colin Webster is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of
Teesside. He has published in the areas of youth crime, victimisation,
racial harassment, the construction of British 'Asian' criminality, and
violence and disorder in Northern England.
Lorna White Sansom is Lecturer in Criminology at Nottingham Trent
University. She is currently completing her PhD on 'stalking'.
Alick Whyte spent nearly thirty years as a provost officer in the Royal
Air Force. He was the security officer for the Supreme Headquarters
Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Belgium and retired in 1993 as a
wing commander to take up a Civil Service appointment as a police
adviser to the British Forces in Germany. He has had extensive contact
with police forces throughout the world including the Middle East,
Singapore, the USA and Europe. In 2002 he finally retired, returning to
Newark in Nottinghamshire where he lives with his family.