Happy Heart

17 Pages·2018·24.54 MB·32\17

by  Charlie Ogden

Heart
and the circulatory system

By
Charlie Ogden
Designed by Danielle Jones
©2017 Written by:
Book Life Charlie Ogden
King's Lynn Heart
Norfolk PE30 4LS Edited by:
Mike Clark
ISBN: 978-1-78637-169-0
Designed by:
All rights reserved
Danielle Jones
Printed in Malaysia

A catalogue record for this book and the circulatory system
is available from the British Library
Page 4
The Human Body
Page 6
The Circulatory System
Words that look
Page 8 Vessel Mania like this are
Page 10 Happy Heart explained in the
glossary on page
Page 12
Pump It Up 31.
Page 14
It’s in Your Blood
Page 18
To Make a Lung Story Short
Page 22
Arteries - Why, Aorta!
Page 24
Working in Vein
Page 26
Heartbreakers
Page 28
Circulation Information
Page 30
Test in Your Chest
Hi, I’m Dr. Anne
Page 31
Glossary Yurism. Follow me
to start your journey
Page 32
Index
through the circulatory
Photo Credits
Abbreviations: l-left, r-right, b-bottom,
t-top, c-centre, m-middle.
6 –All _White Background. 8 – Taborsky. 13 – Julian Rovagnati.
14 – Gaby Kooijman. 17ml – untitled 17bl – Kletr. 18 –
mimagephotography. 21 – Funny Solution Studio. 26bl – Andrey_
Popov bm – Varina C br – Ljupco Smokovski. 27tl – Alexander Mak
bl – Freedom_Studio. Images are courtesy of Shutterstock.com.
With thanks to Getty Images, Thinkstock Photo and iStockphoto.
The Systems of the Body
The first thing that you need to from getting sick or
know about the body is that it uses helping to keep the
systems. The systems of the body body strong.
are made up of groups of organs
that work together. Each system of
the body has its own important job
BODy to do, such as stopping the body
There are lots of different systems in the body, but some are
more important than others. Four of the most important systems in the
body are:
The human body is very complicated.
The body is full of organs, bones, muscles
The The
and blood and all of these parts are
Circulatory Respiratory
wrapped up in a thin layer of skin. Because
System System
of this, finding your way around the human
body can be very difficult and dangerous if
you don’t have a guide.
But lucky for you,
I am here – so let our
journey begin!
There are over
75 organs
in the HUMAN
The The
BODY!
Nervous Digestive
System System
4 5
The
It is the circulatory system’s job to
move blood all around the body.
Everyday, about five litres of blood
are rushing around your body
through your circulatory system.
What makes the circulatory system
SySTEM so important is that blood carries
1 1
oxygen. Oxygen is a gas that is LitrLeitre Lit1Lr eit1r e
found in the air and all of the
Li1
The circulatory system is made organs and muscles in the human tre
body need oxygen to work properly.
up of the heart and blood vessels.
Blood vessels stretch to every part
Blood vessels are tubes in the body
of the body because every part of
that are made of tissue. These blood
the body needs the oxygen that is
vessels stretch to every single part
carried in the blood.
of the body, including the lungs and
the brain.
The job of the circulatory system is
to move blood around the body. The
heart is an organ in the circulatory
system that is made out of very
strong muscles. The muscles in the
heart can squeeze together to pump
blood to every part of the body.
It only takes about
one minute for
BLOOD to travel
ALL THE WAY
THROUGH the
circul atory
system.
6 7
VEINS
After the blood has gone through call this deoxygenated blood. The
the capillaries, it goes into the oxygen in the blood was used up
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There are three types of blood EARTH two and a
vessel in the body. They are: half times. An easy way to remember that arteries
take blood away from the heart is by
remembering that ‘artery’ and ‘away’
ARTERIES both begin with the letter A! Veins, on
the other hand, always bring blood back
These blood vessels always carry hasn’t yet reached the parts of the towards the heart.
blood away from the heart, usually body that need the oxygen. When
towards the rest of the body. The blood has oxygen in it, we say that
blood carried in arteries usually the blood is oxygenated.
has oxygen in it, as the blood
When we look at the blood vessels
CAPILLARIES in our arms and legs,
they look blue. This is not because
the blood is blue. Blood vessels just
After the blood has been pumped and muscles, but the capillaries
appear blue when they are looked
through the arteries, it goes into take the blood through the organs
at through skin.
the capillaries. Capillaries are and muscles. The capillaries make
very tiny blood vessels inside the it so that the organs and muscles in
Look out for these
body’s organs and muscles. The the body can use the oxygen in the
signs. The pink section
arteries take blood to the organs blood.
shows you where we are
in the body!
Artery
Vein
Capillary
8 9
TWO HALVES MAKE A WHOLE
Happy
The circulatory system is split into two parts. The
first part of the circulatory system takes oxygenated
blood around the body. Once the body has used the
oxygen, the blood gets taken back to the heart. However,
the blood that goes back to the heart from the body no
longer has any oxygen in it.
Next we move on to the best part of the circulatory system – the heart!
The heart is the most important part of the circulatory system. It is made
from very strong muscles and it is hollow. This first part of the
circulatory system is known
The human heart takes in blood from a
as systemic circulation.
lot of different veins. When the heart is
A child’s heart is
full of blood, it squeezes itself together.
usually about the same
The heart is entirely made of muscle, The second part of the circulatory system puts
size as their fist.
meaning that it can squeeze itself oxygen back into the blood. The heart also pumps
together very tightly. When the heart deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Here, the blood can
squeezes itself together, it pushes blood pick up more oxygen. It then gets pumped back to the
into the arteries. This is what doctors mean when we say that heart so that it can take the oxygen around the body.
the heart ‘pumps’ blood.
This second part of the
circulatory system is
Lungs
known as pulmonary Blood from
circulation. the lungs
Each time
Blood to OXGENATED
the HEART
the lungs
squeezes

together to PUMP
BLOOD around the
DEOXGENATED
body, it is called a
Heart
heartbeat.

Blood to
the body
Blood from
Body
the body
10 11
BLOOD-A-DUB-DUB
UP
it
Sometimes the heart beats
very quickly and other times
the heart beats much slower.
The heart is the most important part of the circulatory system because it
This is because the body doesn’t
pumps the blood around the body. Because there are two main parts to the
always need the same amount of
circulatory system, there are also two main parts to the heart.
oxygen. The heart beats faster when
the body needs more oxygen and
The right side of the heart takes in After the blood has picked up
more slowly when the body needs
blood that has just been pumped oxygen in the lungs, it is pumped
less oxygen.
around the body. This blood is back into the heart. This time,
deoxygenated, so the right side of however, the blood is pumped
the heart pumps it to the lungs so into the left side of the heart. This
that it can pick up oxygen. side of the heart then pumps the
oxygenated blood around the rest of
To the the body.
From the
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ToL uRnigght ToL uLnegft 11 1Y 1D TeH Maaoiyrmiunruete310406,,H0060N0,0–e00u010a,00m0r00t0bbeera otfs tNbiCmyiEhn eceC syoc koKuyu noy rtuaoi rnCnu dghrH eWhhaEeorawtRS rb TtIm erS,a aaTttnse. y i n
60 SECONDS.
From
Right From
Right
Side of Left Lung
Lung Left
Heart
Side of
The body needs more oxygen than more quickly and their
Heart
usual when a person does exercise. heart beats faster to try
From the The amount of
Lower Body TIMES that your This is because the muscles in the to get more oxygen into
HEART BEATS in body use up oxygen when they the body.
a MINUTE move. People move their muscles An exercising person’s
is called your a lot during exercise, meaning heart rate can be as high as
heart rate. that they use up the oxygen in 200 beats per minute.
To the
their blood more quickly. When a
Lower Body
person does exercise, they breathe
12 13
Plasma
It's in
yOUR
Blood is mostly made up of
a substance called plasma.
Plasma is a yellow liquid
that contains lots of things
Even though the heart is the most important part of the circulatory system,
that help the body. However,
it would be useless without the blood. Blood carries oxygen
plasma’s main job is to help
to every single part of the body. However, this is not its only job. Blood is
the red blood cells, white blood
made up of four main things that help it to do lots of different jobs.
cells and platelets
to move through the body.
Red Blood Cells
Imagine that a blood vessel is like a
Blood is made up of a lot of red
water slide. The water is the plasma
blood cells. It is these red blood
and the people on the water slide
cells that pick up oxygen in the
are the red blood cells, white blood
lungs and carry it to the rest of
cells and platelets. The plasma
the body.
helps the other things in blood to The plasma in blood
works in the same way
move through the blood vessels.
White Blood Cells
as the water in this
slide.
Blood also contains white blood
cells. White blood cells help the
This is a diagram of a
body to stay healthy by fighting
drop of blood. It shows
off germs.
that blood is mostly made
up of plasma and red
blood cells.
Plasma
54%
Platelets Platelets
1%
White
Blood also contains platelets. blood cells
1%
Platelets repair blood vessels
when they get damaged. If you cut
yourself and you didn’t have any
platelets in your blood, you would
Red blood
never stop bleeding!
cells
44%
14 15
Over time, the different things keep making blood. Even though
A DROP OF BLOOD
that make up blood get used up red blood cells, white blood
by the body. Because of this, the cells, platelets and plasma are all
body needs to keep making red important parts of blood, they are You have probably seen blood
blood cells, white blood cells, not all made in the same place. before and you might be wondering
platelets and plasma so that it can why you never saw any red blood
cells or platelets in it. Well, this
is because these things are so
DOWN TO THE BONE
small that you can’t see them
without special tools.
Red blood cells, white blood
cells and platelets are all made
In a drop of blood about this
inside your bones! In the
size there are …
centre of bones is a soft,
jelly-like substance called
bone marrow. All of your
red blood cells, all of your
platelets and most of your
white blood cells are made
by this bone marrow. … between 7,000 and 24,000
white blood cells …
SPILL yOUR GUTS
… 300,000
Plasma comes from the food and
platelets …
water that goes into the body. It
passes into the blood from the
intestines, which are also called the … and 5,000,000
guts. red blood cells!
This is a microscope. Doctors and
scientists use these to see things that are
too small to see with just their eyes.
16 17
To Make a The circulatory system takes
oxygen out of the air that is in the
lungs and puts it into the blood.
Story
After this, red blood cells carry
the oxygen to all the muscles and
Short organs in the body.
These red blood cells
The lungs have a very important job in the circulatory system. The are going to the lungs to
lungs pull air into the body and push air out of the body. Air contains drop off carbon dioxide
the oxygen that the body needs. This means that without the lungs, the and pick up oxygen.
circulatory system could not do its job.
You might think that because the body gets These oxygenated red
oxygen from the air, that the air would be blood cells are going back
mostly made up of oxygen. However, this is not to the heart to be pumped
true. Most of the air we breathe is made up of around the body.
things that the body doesn’t need.
1% Argon
1% Argon +
When your body then swapped with the
+ Water
Carbon Dioxide
Vapour uses up oxygen, it oxygen in the lungs.
+ Water Vapour
21%
makes a gas called When we breathe out,
Oxygen 5% Carbon
carbon dioxide. The we get rid of the carbon
Dioxide
body does not need dioxide that the body
16%
carbon dioxide. The doesn’t need. This is
Oxygen
circulatory system why we breathe out
takes the unwanted more carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide to the than we breathe in!
lungs. The carbon
Air We dioxide in the blood is
Breathe In
Air We
Breathe Out
78%
78%
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
18 19