Handbook on Interactive Storytelling

220 Pages·2021·2.56 MB·english

by  Jouni Smed

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HandbookonInteractiveStorytelling
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Handbook on Interactive Storytelling
Jouni Smed
UniversityofTurku,Finland
Tomi ‘bgt’ Suovuo
UniversityofTurku,Finland
Natasha Skult
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UniversityofTurku,Finland
Petter Skult
ÅboAkademiUniversity,Finland
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2021
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Smed,Jouni,author.|Suovuo,Tomi‘bgt’,1974-author.|Skult,Natasha,
1984-author.|Skult,Petter,1985-author.
Title:Handbookoninteractivestorytelling/JouniSmed,Tomi‘bgt’Suovuo,
NatashaSkult,PetterSkult.
Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2021.|Includesbibliographical
referencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2021014074(print)|LCCN2021014075(ebook)|ISBN
9781119688136(cloth)|ISBN9781119688150(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781119688174(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Videogames–Authorship.|Videogames–Design.|
Interactivemultimedia–Authorship.|Interactivemultimedia–Design.
Classification:LCCGV1469.34.A97S642021(print)|LCCGV1469.34.A97
(ebook)|DDC794.8/1535–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021014074
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021014075
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:©Inna/AdobeStock
Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbyStraive,Chennai,India
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v
Contents
ListofFigures ix
ListofTables xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 InteractiveStorytelling 3
1.1.1 Partakers 5
1.1.2 Narrative,Plot,andStory 6
(cid:2) 1.1.3 Interaction 8 (cid:2)
1.2 HistoryofInteractiveStorytelling 10
1.2.1 Theatre 11
1.2.2 MulticursalLiterature 12
1.3 Role-playingGames 13
1.3.1 HypertextFiction 14
1.3.2 Webisodics 14
1.3.3 InteractiveCinema 15
1.3.4 Television 17
1.3.5 Games 17
1.3.5.1 InteractiveFiction 18
1.3.5.2 DigitalGames 19
1.4 Summary 21
Exercises 22
2 Background 25
2.1 AnalysisofStorytelling 25
2.1.1 Aristotle’sPoetics 25
2.1.1.1 ElementsofTragedy 26
2.1.1.2 NarrativeForms 27
2.1.1.3 DramaticArc 27
2.1.2 VisualStorytelling 29
2.1.2.1 Semiotics 30
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vi Contents
2.1.2.2 WorkofArt 31
2.1.2.3 VideoGamesasVisualArt 31
2.1.3 Structuralism 33
2.1.3.1 Propp’sMorphologyofRussianFolktales 33
2.1.3.2 Colby’sGrammarofAlaskaNatives’Folktales 35
2.1.3.3 StoryGrammars 37
2.1.4 JosephCampbellandtheHero’sJourney 41
2.1.5 KernelsandSatellites 42
2.2 ResearchonInteractiveStorytelling 44
2.2.1 BrendaLaurelandInteractiveDrama 46
2.2.2 JanetMurrayandtheCyberbard 47
2.2.3 ModelsforInteractiveStorytelling 48
2.2.4 NarrativeParadoxandOtherResearchChallenges 49
2.2.4.1 Platform 52
2.2.4.2 Designer 52
2.2.4.3 Interactors 53
2.2.4.4 Storyworld 53
2.2.4.5 Terminology 53
2.3 Summary 54
Exercises 54
(cid:2) 3 Platform 57 (cid:2)
3.1 SoftwareDevelopment 58
3.1.1 Model–View–Controller 59
3.1.2 Interactor’sInterface 61
3.1.3 Designer’sInterface 63
3.1.4 Modding 63
3.2 SolvingtheNarrativeParadox 65
3.2.1 Author-centricApproach 66
3.2.2 Character-centricApproach 68
3.2.3 HybridApproach 69
3.3 Implementations 71
3.3.1 PioneeringStorytellingSystems 71
3.3.2 Crawford’sIDSSystems 73
3.3.3 Stern’sandMateas’sFaçade 74
3.3.4 ExperimentalSystems 75
3.3.5 OtherSystems 76
3.4 Summary 77
Exercises 78
4 Designer 81
4.1 StoryworldTypes 82
4.1.1 LinearStoryworlds 83
4.1.2 BranchingStoryworlds 84
4.1.3 OpenStoryworlds 87
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Contents vii
4.2 DesignProcessandTools 89
4.2.1 ConceptingtheStoryworld 90
4.2.1.1 CharacterDesign 92
4.2.1.2 PlotComposition 93
4.2.1.3 AdaptingMaterialfromOtherMedia 94
4.2.1.4 TransmediaDesign 95
4.2.1.5 Adams’TemplateforRequirementsSpecifications 96
4.2.2 IterativeDesignProcess 97
4.2.3 EvaluatingInteractiveStories 98
4.3 RelationshipwiththeInteractor 100
4.3.1 Focalization 100
4.3.2 StoryasMessage 101
4.4 Summary 103
Exercises 103
5 Interactor 107
5.1 ExperiencinganInteractiveStory 108
5.1.1 Onboarding–FromAmnesiatoAwareness 109
5.1.2 SupportingtheJourney 110
5.1.3 IsThereanEnd? 111
5.1.4 Re-experiencinganInteractiveStory 112
(cid:2) 5.2 Agency 113 (cid:2)
5.2.1 TheoreticalandPerceivedAgency 114
5.2.2 LocalandGlobalAgency 115
5.2.3 InvisibleAgency 115
5.2.4 LimitedAgencyandNoAgency 116
5.2.5 IllusionofAgency 116
5.3 Immersion 117
5.3.1 ImmersionTypes 117
5.3.2 ModelsforImmersion 118
5.3.3 Flow 119
5.4 Transformation 120
5.5 InteractorTypes 121
5.5.1 Top-downAnalysis 122
5.5.2 Bottom-upAnalysis 124
5.5.3 Discussion 125
5.6 Summary 126
Exercises 126
6 Storyworld 131
6.1 Characters 132
6.1.1 Perception 133
6.1.2 Memory 133
6.1.3 Personality 135
6.1.4 Decision-making 138
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viii Contents
6.2 ElementalBuildingBlocks 141
6.2.1 Props 141
6.2.1.1 Schrödinger’sGun 142
6.2.1.2 InternalEconomy 143
6.2.2 Scenes 144
6.2.3 Events 144
6.3 Representation 145
6.3.1 Visual 147
6.3.2 Audio 148
6.3.2.1 Diegetic 148
6.3.2.2 Non-diegetic 149
6.4 Summary 150
Exercises 151
7 Perspectives 153
7.1 MultipleInteractors 153
7.1.1 MultipleFocus 153
7.1.2 Persistence 154
7.2 ExtendedReality 155
7.2.1 VisualConsiderations 155
7.2.2 DevelopingaLanguageofExpression 157
(cid:2) 7.3 StreamingMedia 157 (cid:2)
7.3.1 Problems 157
7.3.2 SolutionProposals 159
7.4 OtherTechnologicalProspects 160
7.4.1 VoiceRecognition 160
7.4.2 Locating 160
7.4.3 ArtificialIntelligence 161
7.5 EthicalConsiderations 162
7.5.1 Platform 163
7.5.2 Designer 163
7.5.3 Interactor 164
7.5.4 Storyworld 164
7.6 Summary 165
Exercises 165
Bibliography 169
Ludography 187
Index 191
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