Handbook of Youth Mentoring

601 Pages·2014·6.188 MB·English

by  David L. DuBois and Michael Karcher

Handbook of
Youth Mentoring
Second Edition
The SAGE Program on Applied Developmental Science
Consulting Editor
Richard M. Lerner
The field of Applied Developmental Science has advanced the use of cutting-edge developmental systems
models of human development, fostered strength-based approaches to understanding and promoting positive
development across the life span, and served as a frame for collaborations among researchers and
practitioners, including policymakers, seeking to enhance the life chances of diverse young people, their
families, and communities. The SAGE Program on Applied Developmental Science both integrates and
extends this scholarship by publishing innovative and cutting-edge contributions.
Handbook of
Youth Mentoring
Second Edition
Edited by
David L. DuBois
University of Illinois at Chicago
Michael J. Karcher
University of Texas at San Antonio
FOR INFORMATION: Copyright  2014 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Handbook of youth mentoring / [edited by] David L.
Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 DuBois, University of Illinois, Michael J. Karcher,
India University of Texas at San Antonio. — Second edition.
SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. pages cm. — (The sage program on applied
3 Church Street developmental science)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
#10-04 Samsung Hub
Singapore 049483
ISBN 978-1-4129-8013-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)—
ISBN 978-1-4129-8014-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)—
ISBN 978-1-4129-9690-7 (xml-tei)
1. Youth—Counseling of—United States.
2. Mentoring—United States. 3. Youth development—
United States. 4. Social work with youth—United
States. I. DuBois, David L. II. Karcher, Michael J.
HV1431.H3 2014
362.71′6—dc23 2013000548
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Permissions Editor: Jennifer Barron 13 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
PART I. INTRODUCTION 1
1. Youth Mentoring in Contemporary Perspective 3
David L. DuBois and Michael J. Karcher
PART II. FRAMEWORKS AND FOUNDATIONS 15
2. Mentoring and Positive Youth Development 17
Richard M. Lerner, Christopher M. Napolitano, Michelle J. Boyd,
Megan K. Mueller, and Kristina S. Callina
3. Mentoring and Prevention Science 29
Timothy A. Cavell and L. Christian Elledge
PART III. MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS 43
4. Assessing Mentoring Relationships 45
Michael J. Nakkula and John T. Harris
5. Mentoring Activities and Interactions 63
Michael J. Karcher and Keoki Hansen
6. Goals in Mentoring Relationships 83
Fabricio E. Balcazar and Christopher B. Keys
7. Mentoring Relationships in Developmental Perspective 99
Gil G. Noam, Tina Malti, and Michael J. Karcher
8. A Biological Perspective on Positive Adult-Youth Relationships 117
Amber L. Allison and Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff
9. Social Networks and Mentoring 129
Thomas E. Keller and Jennifer E. Blakeslee
PART IV. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES 143
10. Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Mentoring Relationships 145
Bernadette Sánchez, Yarí Colón-Torres, Rachel Feuer,
Katrina E. Roundfield, and Luciano Berardi
11. Gender in Mentoring Relationships 159
Belle Liang, G. Anne Bogat, and Nicole Duffy
12. Social Class 175
Nancy L. Deutsch, Edith C. Lawrence, and Angela K. Henneberger
13. International and Cross Cultural Aspects in Youth Mentoring 189
Limor Goldner and Miri Scharf
PART V. PROGRAMS AND CONTEXTS 201
14. School-Based Mentoring 203
Carla Herrera and Michael J. Karcher
15. After-School Programs 221
Megan A. Mekinda and Barton J. Hirsch
16. Cross-Age Peer Mentoring 233
Michael J. Karcher
17. Electronic Mentoring and Media 259
Carmit-Noa Shpigelman
18. Group Mentoring 273
Gabriel P. Kuperminc and Jessica D. Thomason
19. Work and Service-Learning 291
Stephen F. Hamilton and Mary Agnes Hamilton
PART VI. SPECIAL POPULATIONS 301
20. Academically At-Risk Students 303
Simon Larose and George M. Tarabulsy
21. Juvenile Offenders 315
Wing Yi Chan and David B. Henry
22. Youth With Mental Health Needs 325
David C. R. Kerr and Cheryl A. King
23. Youth in Foster Care 341
Preston A. Britner, Kellie G. Randall, and Kym R. Ahrens
24. Immigrant and Refugee Youth 355
Dina Birman and Lyn Morland
25. Children of Incarcerated Parents 369
J. Mark Eddy, Jennifer Cearley, Joseph Bergen, and Jenny Stern-Carusone
PART VII. PRACTICE AND PROGRAMMATIC CONSIDERATIONS 383
26. Program Funding 385
Susan G. Weinberger
27. Mentor Recruitment and Retention 397
Arthur A. Stukas, E. Gil Clary, and Mark Snyder
28. Mentor Screening and Youth Protection 411
Sarah E. Kremer and Becky Cooper
29. Mentor and Youth Matching 427
Julia Pryce, Michael S. Kelly, and Sarah R. Guidone
30. Mentor Training 439
Janis B. Kupersmidt and Jean E. Rhodes
31. Family Involvement 457
Andrea Taylor
32. Termination and Closure of Mentoring Relationships 469
Renée Spencer and Antoinette Basualdo-Delmonico
33. Program Evaluation 481
David L. DuBois
34. Economic Evaluation of Mentoring Programs 499
E. Michael Foster
35. Ethical Issues in Youth Mentoring 511
Jean E. Rhodes, Belle Liang, and Renée Spencer
PART VIII. CONCLUSIONS 523
36. Youth Mentoring in the 21st Century: Progress and Prospects 525
David L. DuBois and Michael J. Karcher
Author Index 535
Subject Index 553
About the Editors 569
About the Contributors 571

FOREWORD
When you talk about mentoring youth as much as I In forging this second edition, it is clear
do, it does not take long to pick up patterns that DuBois and Karcher had loftier goals in mind. Not
reinforce the promise as well as the perils of the the least of these is reflected in the careful attention
wide range of endeavors that in today’s times are that is paid in this new volume to the rapid expan-
mounted under the umbrella of this concept. sion in mentoring as both a language and a tool for
Reactions frequently result from how engagement application in efforts to support young people on
in mentoring is presented. When viewed as organic pathways to well-being and success. As editors,
and magical, it is extremely popular as a panacea they have assembled an extraordinary cast of
for so much of what faces our young people. On the experts to look at mentoring through many lenses.
flip side, when described with rigor and as requiring The result is an invaluable resource for those
intentionality and investment of money and time, it immersed in navigating the practical challenges to
loses some of its allure as a societal solution. achieving desired outcomes for young people
Some of this latter reaction stems from our base through mentoring. At the same time, this text
desire to find the shortest and easiest distance serves as a stimulus for reflection on questions that
between two points in all facets of our lives. But remain central challenges to the field’s continued
there is likely another ingredient at work when it development.
comes to mentoring. We gravitate toward a beneficial Karcher and DuBois seek to ground the proven
behavior that is as old as Greek mythology. Yet the promise of mentoring in the known research while
tradition of structured mentoring for youth, with the also addressing the reality of emerging intersections
exception of Big Brothers Big Sisters’ century-old with topics as diverse as technology, funding, biol-
existence, is relatively young. It is only 22 years ago ogy, culture, social capital, and emerging program
that basic standards for quality were first created structures. In drawing on experts from a variety of
through the leadership of MENTOR: The National disciplines, the editors acknowledge the holistic
Mentoring Partnership and the United Way of America reality of our young people’s development, and
in the form of the Elements of Effective Practice for mentoring’s place in this overall context.
Mentoring, which is now in its 3rd edition. I am reminded constantly that cultivating and
When David DuBois and Michael Karcher acting on this understanding of how mentoring fits
released the first edition of the Handbook of Youth within the “big picture” of young people’s lives is at
Mentoring, they provided a powerful collection of the heart of what it has to offer our society. For
accounts that not only helped to crystalize, but also example, I spoke recently with a young man in a
set the stage for advancement of this young field of public housing development where another young
scholarship and practice. In the wake of the acceler- man had been shot and killed while playing basket-
ating pace of new theory and research about the ball. I was aware that a mentoring program had
mentoring of young people over the past several been launched in the development not long ago, so
years, even a straightforward updating of the field’s I asked him simply how he was doing with all that
core understandings would have been a challenging was going on around him. The essence of what he
undertaking. As one point of proof of this accelera- said was that a lot of new people he did not know
tion, in the past two years, the first two academic were paying attention to him and other youth in his
centers for youth mentoring have been launched by neighborhood because of what had occurred. But,
authors of Handbook chapters, Dr. Jean Rhodes at the person he could talk with was his mentor, who
University of Massachusetts-Boston and Dr. Tom showed up following the tragedy just like he had for
Keller at Portland State University. the past 7 months—someone who had been and
ix