Hadron Structure and Lepton-Hadron Interactions: Cargèse 1977

737 Pages·1979·43.888 MB·English

by  Maurice Levy, Jean-Louis Basdevant, David Speiser, Jacques Weyers, Raymond Gastmans

Hadron Structure
and Lepton-Hadron
Interactions
Cargese 1977
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
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Volume 39 - Hadron Structure and Lepton-Hadron Interactions -Cargese 1977
edited by Maurice Levy, Jean-Louis Basdevant, David Speiser,
Jacques Weyers,Raymond Gastmans, and Jean Zinn-Justin
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Hadron Structure
and Lepton-Hadron
Interactions
Cargese 1977
Edited by
Maurice Levy and Basdevant
Jean~Louis
Labaratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energies
Universite Pie"e et Marie Curie
Paris, France
David Speiserand Jacques Weyers
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Universite Catholique de Louvain
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Raymond Gastmans
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
and
Jean Zinn-Justin
Institute of Theoretical Physics
CE.N.
Saclay, France
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cargese Summer Institute on Hadron Structure and Lepton-Hadron Interaction,
1977.
Hadron structure and lepton-hadron interaction.
(NATO advanced study institutes series; series B, Physics; v. 39)
"Organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris ... the Katholieke Univer
siteit te Leuven ... and the Universite catholique de Louvain."
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Hadrons-Congresses. 2. Leptons (Nuclear physics) - Congresses. 3. Nuclear
reactions - Congresses. 4. Particles (Nuclear physics) - Congresses. I. Levy, Maurice,
1922- II. Universite Pierreet Marie Curie. III. Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven.
N. Louvain. Universite catholique. V. Title. VI. Series.
QC793.5.H322C37 1977 539.7'216 78-24027
ISBN 978-1-4613-2885-8 ISBN 978-1-4613-2883-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-2883-4
Proceedings of the 1977 Cargese Summer Instituteheld at
Cargese, France, July, 1977, sponsored in part by NATO
© 1979 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, N ew Y ork in 1979
Softcoverreprint of the bardeover 1st edition 1979
All righ ts reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The Cargese Summer Institute 1977 on Hadron Structure and
Lepton-Hadron Interactions was organized by the Universite Pierre
et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY and J.-L. BASOEVANT), Saclay (J.
ZINN-JUSTIN), the Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven (R. GASTMANS),
and the Universite Catholique de Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS)
who, on the advice of NATO in 1975, had joined their efforts and
worked in common. It was the 18th Summer Institute held at
Cargese and the 4th one organized by the two departments of theo
retical physics at Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve.
Again, fortune was on the side of the organizers. The ex
perimentalists could report a great number of quite unexpected but
very important events : new high mass bosons, which suggests the
existence of a new quantum number, surprisingly accurate results
in neutrino scattering, new electron-positron data, etc. Also,
a great number of interesting theoretical ideas were presented,
mostly in connection with recent developments in gauge theories,
like e.g. the role of instantons, confinement of quarks, and high
orders of perturbation theory.
It is a real pleasure to thank all those who have made this
summer institute possible !
Thanks are due to the Scientific Committee of NATO and its
President for a generous grant and especially to its scientific
secretary, Dr. T. KESTER, for his constant help and encouragement.
We also thank the C.N.R.S. (France) and the N.S.F. (U.S.A.)
for travel grants.
Special thanks are due to the Universite de Nice for having
put at our disposal the facilities of the Institut at Cargese,
and the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, the K.U. Leuven
and the U.C.L. Louvain-La-Neuve for their secretarial assistance
and financial support.
v
PREFACE
We wish tothank MissM.-F. HANSELER, Chr. DETROYE and
V. de Laforcade and all others from Paris, Leuven, Louvain-la
Neuve and especially Cargese for their collaboration.
We thank Miss N. COISMAN and Mrs B. STEYAERT for typing the
manuscript, and Mrs. F. de Ville, Miss M. de CROMBRUGGHE, MM
M. DENIS, J. GERIS, C. LEROY and H. HAUT for their help in correc
ting proofs and Dr. DERHAM (Plenum Press) for his collaboration.
Finally, the financial contributions from the Brouwerijen
Artois, the Kredietbank, International Business Machines of
Belgium, and the Generale Bankmaatschappij are gratefully acknow
ledged. They helped to give this summer institute a broader in
ternational audience.
Mostly however, we would like to thank all lecturers and
participants who came from over 20 countries : the willingness
of the former to answer all questions and the keen interest of
the latter provided the stimulus which made (we hope) this insti
tute a success.
M. LEVY D. SPEISER
J.-L. BASDEVANT R. GASTMANS
J. ZINN-JUSTIN J. WEYERS
CONTENTS
Lepton Pair Production in Hodronic Collisions
L.M. Lederman
New Particles in e+e- Annihilation . . . . . . . . . . .. 59
B.H. Wiik
Some Recent Experimental Results in High-Energy Neutrino
Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201
J. Steinberger
Quarks, Hadron Spectroscopy and Beyond . . . . . . . . .. 271
J. Weyers
Deep Inelastic Phenomena 321
C.H. Llewellyn-Smith
Charm, Apres-Charm, and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391
J. Ellis
An Introduction to Gauge Theories 465
M. Levy
Electric and Magnetic Confinement Schemes 503
F. Englert
Transverse Lattice Theory of Quantum Chromodynamics 561
W.A. Bardeen
A Theory of the Strong Interactions 577
D.J. Gross
Magnetic Monopoles in Classical Field Theories . . . . .. 603
W. Troost
vii
viii CONTENTS
Instantons and Quark-Mass Generation -
The How of Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking 623
D.G. Caldi
Asymptotic Estimate of Perturbation Theory at Large
Orders . .. . ............. . 631
J. Zinn-Justin
The Physical Basis of the Asymptotic Estimates in
Perturbation Theory . . . . . . . . . . 665
G. Parisi
Strong Interaction Models in 6-£ Dimensions 687
D.J. Wallace
Summing All the Eikonal Graphs . . . • . . . . . . . . .. 697
H.M. Fried
Parity Violation Effect in Atomic Physics
and the Structure of Neutral Currents
in Gauge Theories 707
T.C. Yang
Quark Confinement and Time Space Structure . . . . . • .. 727
D. Finkelstein
Index 735
LEPTON PAIR PRODUCTION IN HADRONIC COLLISIONS
Leon M. LEDERMAN
Columbia University, New York, N.Y. 10027
I. INTRODUCTION
This is a review of the experimental status of production of
massive (m ~ 1 GeV) lepton pairs in hadronic collisions.1
The catch-all diagrams (Fig. 1) illustrate the principal motivations
for this eV8r-expanding activity
+ - 2
pp ~ ~ ~ + hadrons. (1a)
It provides a third reaction to the probe of hadronic substructure
via virtual photons; the other two being
ep ~ e + hadrons; (1 b)
+ -
e e ~ hadrons . (1 c)
The relevant energy variable for ·(1b) is 02, the momentum transfer.
This is limited by the energy of lepton beams 200 GeV at FNAL
~
and SPS implies a Q 2 ~ 400 GeV2.
max
In (1c) the total energy squared in the c.m. is limited to
~ 50 GeV2 at SPEAR/DORIS and is expected to reach ~ 900 GeV2
with the advent of PEP/PETRA in 1980.
By contrast, the effective mass of the lepton pair emerging
in (1 a)
m2 2P P (1-cos(8 +8 ) = Q2
+ - +
is limited by the proton energies to ~ 750 GeV2 at FNAL/SPS and
to 3000 GeV at ISR. With the advent of an ISABELLE of 200 on
200 GeV, m2 can reach 160,000 GeV2.