Glencoe - Human Heritage PDF
Preview Glencoe - Human Heritage
i s e nteractive tudent dition AUTHORS ACADEMIC CONSULTANTS Jerrold Green, Ph.D. Director Miriam Greenblatt is a writer, editor, and educational consultant Middle East Studies Center University of Arizona who has traveled extensively in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Tucson, Arizona During the past 30 years, she has contributed to more than 50 ele- Al Naklowycz, Ph.D. mentary, junior high, and high school social studies texts and ancil- President laries, and has written almost two dozen history books for Ukrainian-American Academic teenagers. A graduate of Hunter College of the City of New York Association of California and the University of Chicago, Greenblatt is a former teacher and a Carmichael, California member of the National Association of Scholars and the Illinois Joseph R. Rosenbloom, Ph.D. Professor of Classics Council for Social Studies. She is listed in Who’s Who in America 2005 Washington University and Who’s Who in the World 2005. St. Louis, Missouri Peter S. Lemmo is a former high school teacher who taught in the FOLDABLESTM Dinah Zike New York City school system for more than 30 years. Agraduate of Educational Consultant the City College of New York and the City University of New York, Dinah-Might Activities, Inc. he has trained student teachers and contributed to several books. San Antonio, Texas Lemmo has been instrumental in developing pilot instructional pro- TEACHER REVIEWERS grams and curricula and was rated an exemplary teacher by the Rick Boeglin State Education Department of New York. He is also a member of Richardson North Junior High the National Council for the Social Studies, the Association for School Richardson, Texas Supervision and Curriculum Development, and other professional organizations, and he has traveled extensively in more than 55 Margaret Gray, Ph.D. Vigo County School countries. Corporation Terre Haute, Indiana Kathleen A. Grotto West Orange Senior High School West Orange, New Jersey Dianne Hill Muskogee Public Schools Copyright ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted Muskogee, Oklahoma under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the Nancy M. Kreeb prior written permission of the publisher. Central Junior High Belleville, Illinois Printed in the United States of America Joseph Scheideler Canton Junior/Senior High Send all inquiries to: School Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Collinsville, Connecticut 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 Janice H. Suddith Paul Laurence Dunbar Middle ISBN 0-07-869500-7 (Student Edition) School for Innovation Lynchburg, Virginia ISBN 0-07-869501-5 (Teacher Wraparound Edition) Sue A. Tillman Scoggins Franklin Middle School 1 2 3 4 5 6 071/043 10 09 08 07 06 05 Springfield, Illinois Contents Unit 1 Place and Time Unit 3 Ideas and Armies 1 Geography and History 4 6 The Phoenicians and the 2 Prehistoric People 32 Hebrews 100 Around the World:Prehistoric 7 Military Empires 116 Peoples of the Sahara 48 8 Africa and the Americas 128 Standardized Test Practice 50 Around the World:The Zhou 144 Standardized Test Practice 146 Unit 2 River Valley Civilizations Unit 4 The Greeks 3 Mesopotamia 54 4 Egypt 66 9 Beginnings 150 5 Eastern River Valleys 82 10 The City-States 162 Around the World:The Hittites 94 11 Cultural Contributions 178 Standardized Test Practice 96 12 The Hellenistic Period 192 Around the World:The Nubians 202 Standardized Test Practice 204 Unit 5 The Romans 13 Beginnings 208 14 The Roman Republic 218 15 The Roman Empire 232 16 Christianity 246 Around the World:The Moche 258 Standardized Test Practice 260 iii Unit 8 The Late Middle Ages 24 Feudal Society 366 25 The Church 380 26 Rise of Trade and Towns 398 27 Rise of Monarchies 410 Around the World: Feudal Japan 426 Standardized Test Practice 428 Unit 6 The Early Middle Ages Unit 9 Beginning of Modern Times 17 The Germans 264 28 The Renaissance 432 18 The Franks 274 29 The Reformation 448 19 The Irish and the Anglo-Saxons 288 30 The Age of Discovery 466 20 The Vikings 298 Around the World:The Swahili Around the World: The Guptas 310 Culture 480 Standardized Test Practice 312 Standardized Test Practice 482 Unit 7 Emergence of New Empires Unit 10 The Changing World 21 The Byzantine Empire 316 31 Expansion Into the Americas 486 22 The Spread of Islam 330 32 Political Revolutions 502 23 The Eastern Slavs 346 33 Rise of Industry 522 Around the World:The Anasazi 360 Around the World:Russia 538 Standardized Test Practice 362 Standardized Test Practice 540 iv Unit 11 Nations and Empires UNIT 11 British India 694 UNIT 12 Equality and Peace 696 34 The Americas 544 35 Unrest in Europe 560 36 Rise of Imperialism 578 Around the World:Tibet 596 Standardized Test Practice 598 Reference Atlas World Political 700 Unit 12 The Twentieth Century World Physical 702 North America 704 to Today South America 705 37 Conflict and Change 602 United States 706 38 The Cold War Era 624 Middle America 708 39 The World Since 1989 644 Europe 710 Around the World: Our Shrinking Asia 712 World 668 Middle East 714 Standardized Test Practice 670 Africa 716 Polar Regions 717 Pacific Rim 718 PPRRIIMMAARRYY SSOOUURRCCEESS Glossary 720 LLiibbrraarryy Spanish Glossary Primary Sources Library 729 672 Index UNIT 1 African Origins 674 738 UNIT 2 The Pursuit of Justice 676 UNIT 3 The Empire of Mali 678 UNIT 4 Greek Society 680 UNIT 5 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius 682 UNIT 6 The Age of Viking Conquest 684 UNIT 7 Byzantine Women 686 UNIT 8 The Medieval Manor 688 UNIT 9 The Fall of the Aztec Empire 690 UNIT 10 The Iron Horse 692 v HH SE FM 846240 12/10/02 1:32 PM Page vi Features Map Skills Darius 124 Mansa Musa I 133 Understanding a Mercator Projection 17 Homer 158 Determining Relative Location 44 Pericles 174 Identifying Physical Features 62 Aristotle 188 Reading Map Legends 75 Demosthenes 194 Reading a Map Scale 108 Romulus 213 Reading Latitude 135 Julius Caesar 229 Reading Longitude 156 Diocletian 243 Reading Physical Maps 165 Saint Augustine 254 Reading a Political Map 211 Theodoric the Great 267 Understanding Inset Maps 284 Charlemagne 280 Tracing Historical Routes 306 Alfred the Great 292 Analyzing Historical Maps 356 Canute 307 Determining Exact Location 394 Constantine I 318 Reviewing Map Legends 475 Muhammad 332 Reading a Military Map 511 Ivan the Terrible 357 Comparing Historical Maps 567 Trotula of Salerno 377 Reading a Demographic Map 651 Eleanor of Aquitaine 392 Geoffrey Chaucer 407 Critical Thinking Skills Joan of Arc 417 Henry VIII 444 Understanding Cause and Effect 29 Elizabeth I 460 Distinguishing Fact From Opinion 60 Ferdinand Magellan 474 Making Comparisons 111 Robert de La Salle 499 Recognizing Bias 170 Marie-Antoinette 515 Identifying the Main Idea 242 Robert Fulton 528 Making Generalizations 321 Toussaint-L’Ouverture 553 Drawing Conclusions 461 Otto von Bismarck 575 Predicting Consequences 571 Liliuokalani 591 Joseph Stalin 611 Technology Skills Mohandas Gandhi 635 Nelson Mandela 659 Developing Multimedia Presentations 276 Evaluating a Web Site 390 Charts, Diagrams, and Building a Database 516 Illustrations Using an Electronic Spreadsheet 636 Major Landforms 10 People in History The Earth’s Structure 10 The Earth’s Revolution 15 Mary Nicol Leakey 26 Alphabets 105 Lucy 36 Phoenician and Hebrew Civilizations 111 Hammurabi 61 Hebrew Prophets 113 Tutankhamen 77 Olympian Gods and Goddesses 181 Wu 90 Greek Scientists 189 Moses 110 Roman Floor Plan 237 vi ARoman Banquet Menu 239 Germanic Invasions 270 Emperors During the Pax Romana 241 The Germanic Kingdoms 271 Norse Gods 304 The Frankish Empire 284 Eastern Conquerors 341 England and the Danelaw 294 Medieval Manor 375 Viking Trade and Expansion 306 Renaissance Manners 436 Gupta Empire 310 Renaissance People 442 The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian 323 Explorers 477 The End of the Byzantine Empire 327 Native Americans 494 Muhammad’s Arabia 334 Scientists 524 The Expansion of Islam 337 Kievan Rus 350 Map Study The Growth of Moscow 356 MMAAPP SSTTUUDDYY Anasazi Culture 360 Tectonic Plates 11 The Crusades 394 Ice Ages 13 Medieval Towns and Trade Routes 400 World Climate Zones 17 Europe in the Late Middle Ages 422 Archaeological Sites 27 Japan 426 Sites of Early People 44 Renaissance Italy 438 Prehistoric Art in Africa 48 The Religions of Europe 463 Mesopotamia 62 European Voyages of Discovery 475 Ancient Egypt 75 Swahili Culture 480 Early India 84 European Colonies in the Americas 498 Shang China 89 The English Civil Wars 504 Hittite Empire 94 American Revolution: North 511 Phoenicia and the Hebrew Kingdoms 108 American Revolution: South 511 The Assyrian and Chaldean Empires 119 Russian Empire 538 The Persian Empire 125 The Growth of the United States 549 Early Africa 135 Independence in Latin America 555 Early American Empires 141 Napoleonic Europe 564 Zhou Empire 144 Europe After the Congress of Vienna 567 The Early Aegean World 156 Imperialism 590 Elevation of Ancient Greece 165 Tibet 596 Ancient Greece 173 Europe After World War I 607 The Empire of Alexander the Great 196 Axis Expansion in Europe and Africa 617 Ancient Nubia 202 Axis Expansion in the Pacific 619 Early Italy 211 African Independence 637 The Expansion of the Roman Republic 228 Commonwealth of Independent States 648 The Expansion of the Roman Empire 235 World Population 651 The Spread of Christianity 251 Afghanistan, 2001 663 Moche Civilization 258 Worldwide Internet Use 668 vii HH SE FM 846240 12/6/02 10:28 AM Page viii How Should I Read My Textbook? Reading your social studies book is different than other reading you might do. Your textbook has a great amount of information in it. It is an example of nonfiction writing—it describes real-life events, people, ideas, and places. Here are some reading strategies that will help you become an active text- book reader. Choose the strategies that work best for you. If you have trouble as you read your textbook, look back at these strategies for help. Set a Purpose • Why are you reading the textbook? • How might you be able to use what you learn in your own life? Preview • Read the chapter title to find out what the topic will be. • Read the subtitles to see what you will learn about the topic. • Skim the photos, charts, graphs, or maps. • Look for vocabulary words that are boldfaced. How are they defined? Draw From Your Own Background • What do you already know about the topic? • How is the new information different from what you already know? If You Don’t Know What A Word Means... • think about the setting, or context,in which the word is used. • check if prefixes such as un, non, orprecan help you break down the word. viii HH SE FM 846240 12/6/02 10:29 AM Page 1 Question • What is the main idea? • How well do the details support the main idea? Reading Do’s • How do the photos, charts, graphs, and maps sup- Do … port the main idea? ✔establish a purpose for Connect reading ✔think about how your own • Think about people, places, and events in your own experiences relate to the life. Are there any similarities with those in your topic textbook? ✔try different reading Predict strategies • Predict events or outcomes by using clues and information that you already know. • Change your predictions as you read and gather new information. Reading Don’ts Visualize Don’t… • Use your imagination to picture the settings, ignore how the textbook is actions, and people that are described. organized • Create graphic organizers to help you see relation- allow yourself to be easily ships found in the information. distracted hurry to finish the material Summarize • Describe the main idea and how the details support it. • Use your own words to explain what you have read. Assess • What was the main idea? • Did the text clearly support the main idea? • Did you learn anything new from the material? • Can you use this new information in other school subjects or at home? 1 0002-0031 CH01-846240 11/22/02 8:48 AM Page 2 1 UNIT Place and Time Equator Meridian °081 E°021 E° 06 °0 Prime 6°0 W 120°W 180° Egyptian water clock (cid:2) (cid:1) An early globe c. 3,000,000 B.C. c. 1,500,000 B.C. c. 1,200,000 B.C. c. 250,000 B.C. Paleolithic Age Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens begins appears appears appears 2
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