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NOTES GLAUCIUMCORNICULATUM(PAPAVERACEAE)INTEXAS InMay 1993,theseniorauthorwasinformedbyherfriends,DonandJo Robison,aboutanunusualpopulationofwildflowersgrowingontheirranch. Thepopulationhasbeengrowinginthesamefieldsincetheearly 1960s whenitfirstappearedwithaculrivatedbatchofcottonseed(D.Robison, pers.comm.).Thecottonwaseventuallyreplacedwirhsorghumalumand othergrassesinordertograzecattleandtheplanthascontinuedtoremain despitegrazinguponbycattleduringperiodsofseveredrought. Thousandsoftheseindividualswereobservedbytheseniorauthorgrowing inasandyfield.Themajorityoftheplants,however,weretowardtheend oftheirbloomingperiodandhadalreadydevelopedtheirfruits(longlin- earcapsulesfulloftinyblackseeds).Theseniorauthortooktheplanttobe apoppy,however,onethatshewasunfamiliarwith. ThisplantwaslateridentifiedasGlaiiciiimcorniculatum(L.)Rudolphby thejuniorauthorbycomparisonwithherbariumcollectionsatTEX.For- tunately,therewasalreadyacollection(0'Kennon&Cheathams.n.)oiGlaucium fromTexas.Thisspecimen,however,wasincorrectlyidentified(asG.flavum, aperennialspecieswithyellowpetalsandglabrouscapsules). Intheyearssince 1993,Texasexperiencedadroughtandfew,ifany,of theGlaucium in the Garzapopulation had bloomed,preventing further observationsbytheseniorauthor. InApril 1997 sufficientrainsbrought theGlauciumpopulationtobloomallowingtheseniorauthortobothob- serveandphotograph(Fig. 1)thepopulation.Later,perhapsasaresultof therains,athirdpopulationv,{Glauciumwasbroughttotheattentionof thejuniorauthor(BillHenderson,pers.comm.).Thispopulationwascol- lectedattheBalconesCanyonlandsNationalRefuge.Anestimated100plants wereobservedgrowinginacircularareaofabout30feetindiameter.Two individualswerebloomingandfivewereinfruit,butthemajorityofthe plantswereinajuvenilephasetooyoungtoflower. ThegenusGlauciumis native toSouthernEurope,theMediterranean, HungaryandSouthCentralRussia.IthasbecomeadventiveinCalifornia, Kansas,Montana,Nevada,NewYork,OregonandPennsylvania(Barkley 1986;Hickman1993;Kiger 1997).Itisimmediatelydistinguishedfrom otherTexasgenerainthePapaveraceaebyitsfruitswhicharestraight,unribbed, linear,capsulesupto25cmlong.Glauciumcorniculatumisawhollypubes- centannual,30-40cmtall,caulescent,withclearyellowsap,caulinedeeply pinnate unprickled leaves, inflorescenceofasolitaryflowerthat has two freesepalsandfourpetals.Thepetalsareavividscarletcolor,twoofthem SiDA18(1):347.1998 348 SiDA18(1) arewiderthantheotherbutallareoiequallength(3—4cm).Atthebaseof eachpetal isapurplepattern thatextends toward the tipabout 1/3 the length.Thepatternisoval, 10mmwideandlinedwithacreamyfeather- likedesign(Fig. 1). AlthoughcollectedinTexasasearlyas 1986{Keeney3[)()6)andrecently reported in Texas(Jonesetal. 1997),and NorthAmerica(Kiger 1997), Glaucuintcin-iiiciihituDihasyettobeofficiallydocumentedinthestate.Pre- sentedhereisanupdatedkeytothegeneraofPapaveraceaeinTexas,alisr- ingofknownvoucherspecimens,andaphotooftheflower(Fig. 1). BelowisarevisedkeytothegeneraofPapaveraceaeintheManualofthe vascularplantsofTexas(Correll&Johnston 1970). 1.Acaulesccntlu-rbs;petals8ormore,notcTumpJL'clinthebud;stii;masover thevalvesoltheca|rsLile Sanguinaria 1.Caulescentherbsor(olsiibacaiilescent)conlinecltotheTrans-Pecos;petals 4to6,mostlycrumpledinthebud;stigmasovertheplacentae 2 2.Perianthandstamensborneontherimofthehypanthiumlikeexpansion olthereceptacle;sepalsunitedintoacalyptra;IruitconspiCLiou.slyribbed. Eschschcjlzia 2.Perianthandstamensstrictlyhypogynotis;sepalsnotunitedintoacalyp- tra;fruitnotribbed 3 3.Herbage|-irickly;llowersonshort|x'dicels;capSLiledehiscingfromthe apexby ito6valves Argemone 3.Herbagenotprickly;flowersonlongpedicels 4 4.Stigmaticdiskpresent;capsulesshortandturgid,to^cm long, dehiscingbymeansofsmallopeningsjtistbeneaththetruncate summit Papaver 4.Stigmaticdiskabsent;capsuleslineartipto25cmlong,dehisc- inglongitudinallyfromtheapex Glaucium Glauciumcorniculatum(L.)Rudolph,FLJen.,13.1781.CbduloniiiDicitniiaiLninu L.,Sp.PI. 1:56. 1753. Vouchers|-iecimens.TEXAS.GarzaCo.:communityofJiisticeburg,onharmRd.3519 oKmniertIrhreoCmow.aK:yeWnttooLCfoa.HkeulniAntle,aoninn1TfliXeenlrd3y9,o,nDdNornysciardneedeokjfodbieRrdroborinosaNod,ns1Ri0daenMcoahfy,roS1aE9d9,c3o2,rMKntearrykpoaf1t9rCi9ic3akr,.zaOs.'iCKi^.eoi(.i,TnEcoaXn.)&.3 Checithcims.n.(TEX).TravisCo.:BalconesCanyoniandsNationalRefuge,0.2mialong dirtroadNEfromintersectionwithCjiw(j'eekroad,dirtroadis3.4miNalongCow CreekRoadfrom 1431,justafterlargeyellowhouse(30°33'50"N,98"07'70"W),3 May1991,J.K.Willuimsetul.150(TEX).SanSabaCo.:alongtheCherokeeCreekonthe WilliamClark(armatRend,ontheQ'\^i:!ofanovergrazedfield, I1 May 1986,Keeney 5906(BRIT);SEoftheWilliamClarkhouseontheeastsideoftheCherokeeCreekat Bend(1654plantsiiresent),9May 1987,Keony6642(BRIT). Thefollowingpartiallistofspeciesfrom theTraviscountypopulation SiOA18(1):348. 1998 NOTliS 349 Fic",. 1.Photoo'iGlciuciumcoyniadatiaii(L.)J.H.RLiclolph.l-'hotobyZ.Kirkpacrick. emphasizestheweedynatureofthevegetationatthissite:Argemonealbiflora Hornem.,Buglossoicksarvense(L.)I.M.Johnston*,Callirhoeinvolucrata(Torr.) A.Gray,CentaureamelitemisL.*,CirniimtexanumBuckl.,Convolvulusequitans Benth.,CiicurbitafoetidmimaKunth,Evaxsp.,GauracalckolaRaven&Gregory, Glandulariahipinnattfida(Nutt.)Umber,Lamiumamplexicaule'L^',Lepidium virginicumL.,MarruhiumvulgareL.*,MedicagolupulinaL.*,Hill.,Oenothera trilobataNutt.,Physaliscinarescens(Dunal)A.Hitch.,Plantagorhodospermum Dene.,Rapistri/mrugosum(L.)AIL*,Ratihidacolunmaris(Sims.)D.Don.,Salvia f—arinaceaBenth.,VerbenahaleiSmaU. * = naturalizedspecies. ZoeKirkpatrickBox696.Post,TX79336, U.S.A.andJ.K. Williams,De- partmentofBotany, UniversityofTexas.Austin. TX78713. U.S.A. REFFJU-NCES Barki,ey,T.M.,ed.19S6.FloraoftheGreatPlains.UniversityPressofKansas,Lawrence. CoRKiii.L,D.S.andM.C.Johnston. 1970.ManualofthevascularplantsofTexas.Texas ResearchFoundation,Renner,Texas, Hickman,J.C,ed.1993.TheJepsonmantiahHi^dierplantsofC^alifornia.Universityof CaliforniaPress,Berkeley. Jones,S.,J.Wipff,andP.M.Montgomery,1997.VascularplantsofTexas:Acomprehensive checklistincludingsynonymy,bibliography,andindex.UniversityofTexasPress,Atistin. KiGER,R.W.1997.Glciiicium.In:FloraNorthAmericaEditorialCommittee,eds.Floraof NorthAmerica:Volume3.Magnoliojihyta:MagnoliidaeandHamamelidae.OxfordUniversity Press,Oxford.Pp.302-304. Sum18(1):349. 1998